You are using an unsupported browser. Please upgrade your browser to a newer version to get the best experience on Toxin, Toxin Target Database.
NameProstaglandin E synthase
Synonyms
  • 5.3.99.3
  • MGST1-L1
  • MGST1L1
  • Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1-like 1
  • Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1
  • MPGES-1
  • MPGES1
  • p53-induced gene 12 protein
  • PGES
  • PIG12
Gene NamePTGES
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0019810|Prostaglandin E synthase
MPAHSLVMSSPALPAFLLCSTLLVIKMYVVAIITGQVRLRKKAFANPEDALRHGGPQYCR
SDPDVERCLRAHRNDMETIYPFLFLGFVYSFLGPNPFVAWMHFLVFLVGRVAHTVAYLGK
LRAPIRSVTYTLAQLPCASMALQILWEAARHL
Number of residues152
Molecular Weight17102.135
Theoretical pINot Available
GO Classification
Functions
  • glutathione binding
  • prostaglandin-E synthase activity
Processes
  • negative regulation of cell proliferation
  • response to calcium ion
  • response to lipopolysaccharide
  • acute inflammatory response
  • arachidonic acid metabolic process
  • response to cytokine
  • response to organic cyclic compound
  • cyclooxygenase pathway
  • prostaglandin metabolic process
  • signal transduction
  • chronic inflammatory response
  • prostaglandin biosynthetic process
  • small molecule metabolic process
  • response to retinoic acid
Components
  • nuclear envelope lumen
  • membrane
  • endoplasmic reticulum membrane
  • integral component of membrane
  • perinuclear region of cytoplasm
General FunctionProstaglandin-e synthase activity
Specific FunctionCatalyzes the oxidoreduction of prostaglandin endoperoxide H2 (PGH2) to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions13-41 61-90 96-119 124-152
GenBank Protein IDNot Available
UniProtKB IDO14684
UniProtKB Entry NamePTGES_HUMAN
Cellular LocationMembrane
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0019811|Prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES)
ATGCCTGCCCACAGCCTGGTGATGAGCAGCCCGGCCCTCCCGGCCTTCCTGCTCTGCAGC
ACGCTGCTGGTCATCAAGATGTACGTGGTGGCCATCATCACGGGCCAAGTGAGGCTGCGG
AAGAAGGCCTTTGCCAACCCCGAGGATGCCCTGAGACACGGAGGCCCCCAGTATTGCAGG
AGCGACCCCGACGTGGAACGCTGCCTCAGGGCCCACCGGAACGACATGGAGACCATCTAC
CCCTTCCTTTTCCTGGGCTTCGTCTACTCCTTTCTGGGTCCTAACCCTTTTGTCGCCTGG
ATGCACTTCCTGGTCTTCCTCGTGGGCCGTGTGGCACACACCGTGGCCTACCTGGGGAAG
CTGCGGGCACCCATCCGCTCCGTGACCTACACCCTGGCCCAGCTCCCCTGCGCCTCCATG
GCTCTGCAGATCCTCTGGGAAGCGGCCCGCCACCTGTGA
GenBank Gene IDNot Available
GeneCard IDNot Available
GenAtlas IDNot Available
HGNC IDHGNC:9599
Chromosome Location9
LocusNot Available
References
  1. Polyak K, Xia Y, Zweier JL, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B: A model for p53-induced apoptosis. Nature. 1997 Sep 18;389(6648):300-5. 9305847
  2. Jakobsson PJ, Thoren S, Morgenstern R, Samuelsson B: Identification of human prostaglandin E synthase: a microsomal, glutathione-dependent, inducible enzyme, constituting a potential novel drug target. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jun 22;96(13):7220-5. 10377395
  3. Forsberg L, Leeb L, Thoren S, Morgenstern R, Jakobsson P: Human glutathione dependent prostaglandin E synthase: gene structure and regulation. FEBS Lett. 2000 Apr 7;471(1):78-82. 10760517
  4. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. 14702039
  5. Humphray SJ, Oliver K, Hunt AR, Plumb RW, Loveland JE, Howe KL, Andrews TD, Searle S, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Jones MC, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Babbage S, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford D, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Chen Y, Clarke G, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Collier RE, Corby N, Crosier M, Cummings AT, Davies J, Dhami P, Dunn M, Dutta I, Dyer LW, Earthrowl ME, Faulkner L, Fleming CJ, Frankish A, Frankland JA, French L, Fricker DG, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori J, Gilbert JG, Glison C, Grafham DV, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Guy J, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Harrison ES, Hart EA, Heath PD, Henderson CD, Hopkins BL, Howard PJ, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan S, Kershaw JK, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nisbett J, Nordsiek G, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Porter KM, Pandian R, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Povey S, Ramsey Y, Rand V, Scharfe M, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims SK, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward CA, Swarbreck D, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Thomas DW, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, Whitehead SL, Willey DL, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Ashurst JL, Coulson A, Blocker H, Durbin R, Sulston JE, Hubbard T, Jackson MJ, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J, Dunham I: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):369-74. 15164053
  6. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. 15489334
  7. Ouellet M, Falgueyret JP, Ear PH, Pen A, Mancini JA, Riendeau D, Percival MD: Purification and characterization of recombinant microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1. Protein Expr Purif. 2002 Dec;26(3):489-95. 12460774
  8. Burkard TR, Planyavsky M, Kaupe I, Breitwieser FP, Burckstummer T, Bennett KL, Superti-Furga G, Colinge J: Initial characterization of the human central proteome. BMC Syst Biol. 2011 Jan 26;5:17. doi: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17. 21269460
  9. Thoren S, Weinander R, Saha S, Jegerschold C, Pettersson PL, Samuelsson B, Hebert H, Hamberg M, Morgenstern R, Jakobsson PJ: Human microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1: purification, functional characterization, and projection structure determination. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 20;278(25):22199-209. Epub 2003 Apr 2. 12672824
  10. Jegerschold C, Pawelzik SC, Purhonen P, Bhakat P, Gheorghe KR, Gyobu N, Mitsuoka K, Morgenstern R, Jakobsson PJ, Hebert H: Structural basis for induced formation of the inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 12;105(32):11110-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0802894105. Epub 2008 Aug 5. 18682561
  11. Sjogren T, Nord J, Ek M, Johansson P, Liu G, Geschwindner S: Crystal structure of microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase provides insight into diversity in the MAPEG superfamily. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Mar 5;110(10):3806-11. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1218504110. Epub 2013 Feb 19. 23431194