NameTransforming growth factor beta-1
Synonyms
  • TGF-beta-1
  • TGFB
Gene NameTGFB1
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0021834|Transforming growth factor beta-1
MPPSGLRLLLLLLPLLWLLVLTPGRPAAGLSTCKTIDMELVKRKRIEAIRGQILSKLRLA
SPPSQGEVPPGPLPEAVLALYNSTRDRVAGESAEPEPEPEADYYAKEVTRVLMVETHNEI
YDKFKQSTHSIYMFFNTSELREAVPEPVLLSRAELRLLRLKLKVEQHVELYQKYSNNSWR
YLSNRLLAPSDSPEWLSFDVTGVVRQWLSRGGEIEGFRLSAHCSCDSRDNTLQVDINGFT
TGRRGDLATIHGMNRPFLLLMATPLERAQHLQSSRHRRALDTNYCFSSTEKNCCVRQLYI
DFRKDLGWKWIHEPKGYHANFCLGPCPYIWSLDTQYSKVLALYNQHNPGASAAPCCVPQA
LEPLPIVYYVGRKPKVEQLSNMIVRSCKCS
Number of residues390
Molecular Weight44340.685
Theoretical pI8.63
GO Classification
Functions
  • glycoprotein binding
  • enzyme binding
  • type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
  • type III transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
  • antigen binding
  • cytokine activity
  • type I transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
Processes
  • mitotic cell cycle checkpoint
  • negative regulation of cell growth
  • positive regulation of cell migration
  • SMAD protein import into nucleus
  • positive regulation of extracellular matrix assembly
  • positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
  • cell growth
  • negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
  • response to wounding
  • negative regulation of gene silencing by miRNA
  • germ cell migration
  • positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling
  • positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
  • positive regulation of histone acetylation
  • macrophage derived foam cell differentiation
  • positive regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
  • positive regulation of gene expression
  • cell cycle arrest
  • ureteric bud development
  • positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
  • positive regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus
  • tolerance induction to self antigen
  • organ regeneration
  • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
  • lymph node development
  • extracellular matrix assembly
  • positive regulation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
  • pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
  • response to radiation
  • positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
  • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
  • SMAD protein signal transduction
  • mammary gland branching involved in thelarche
  • regulation of DNA binding
  • response to progesterone
  • response to estradiol
  • positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation
  • positive regulation of vascular permeability
  • positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
  • positive regulation of bone mineralization
  • positive regulation of superoxide anion generation
  • negative regulation of cell differentiation
  • protein kinase B signaling
  • negative regulation of DNA replication
  • mononuclear cell proliferation
  • modulation by virus of host morphology or physiology
  • MAPK cascade
  • cell-cell junction organization
  • negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle
  • regulation of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis
  • positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
  • platelet activation
  • negative regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly
  • response to laminar fluid shear stress
  • common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation
  • positive regulation of odontogenesis
  • response to vitamin D
  • negative regulation of cell proliferation
  • protein export from nucleus
  • endoderm development
  • regulation of cartilage development
  • negative regulation of gene expression
  • regulation of cell migration
  • positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
  • negative regulation of ossification
  • negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
  • negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation
  • protein import into nucleus, translocation
  • positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
  • hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
  • receptor catabolic process
  • regulation of interleukin-23 production
  • aging
  • connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing
  • female pregnancy
  • regulation of binding
  • negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion
  • blood coagulation
  • positive regulation of protein secretion
  • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
  • T cell homeostasis
  • negative regulation of fat cell differentiation
  • regulation of protein import into nucleus
  • cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus
  • regulation of apoptotic process
  • epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
  • extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
  • myelination
  • response to cholesterol
  • negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
  • protein phosphorylation
  • positive regulation of protein import into nucleus
  • negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
  • regulation of striated muscle tissue development
  • Notch signaling pathway
  • positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation
  • positive regulation of apoptotic process
  • negative regulation of interleukin-17 production
  • cellular calcium ion homeostasis
  • adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains
  • lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
  • negative regulation of cell cycle
  • response to hypoxia
  • myeloid dendritic cell differentiation
  • positive regulation of histone deacetylation
  • regulatory T cell differentiation
  • regulation of blood vessel remodeling
  • positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
  • negative regulation of phagocytosis
  • ATP biosynthetic process
  • branch elongation involved in mammary gland duct branching
  • positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
  • response to drug
  • active induction of host immune response by virus
  • lens fiber cell differentiation
  • regulation of sodium ion transport
  • positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
  • negative regulation of protein phosphorylation
  • negative regulation of T cell proliferation
  • cell development
  • defense response to fungus, incompatible interaction
  • inner ear development
  • cellular response to organic cyclic compound
  • platelet degranulation
  • oligodendrocyte development
  • positive regulation of exit from mitosis
  • response to glucose
  • regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization
  • hyaluronan catabolic process
  • positive regulation of MAP kinase activity
  • frontal suture morphogenesis
  • evasion or tolerance of host defenses by virus
  • positive regulation of chemotaxis
  • viral life cycle
  • regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
  • positive regulation of cell cycle arrest
  • cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus
  • phosphate-containing compound metabolic process
  • negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production
  • negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process
  • positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
  • SMAD protein complex assembly
  • positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis
  • positive regulation of protein complex assembly
  • extracellular matrix organization
  • positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding
  • ossification involved in bone remodeling
  • negative regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
  • digestive tract development
  • positive regulation of cell proliferation
  • positive regulation of fibroblast migration
  • negative regulation of myoblast differentiation
  • positive regulation of interleukin-17 production
  • negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
  • face morphogenesis
  • chondrocyte differentiation
  • salivary gland morphogenesis
  • negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development
  • transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
  • inflammatory response
  • epithelial to mesenchymal transition
  • positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process
  • positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
Components
  • cell surface
  • cytoplasm
  • extracellular region
  • nucleus
  • platelet alpha granule lumen
  • blood microparticle
  • proteinaceous extracellular matrix
  • plasma membrane
  • Golgi lumen
  • axon
  • neuronal cell body
  • extracellular space
General FunctionType iii transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
Specific FunctionMultifunctional protein that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGFB1 and have specific receptors for it. It positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. It plays an important role in bone remodeling as it is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts. Can promote either T-helper 17 cells (Th17) or regulatory T-cells (Treg) lineage differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. At high concentrations, leads to FOXP3-mediated suppression of RORC and down-regulation of IL-17 expression, favoring Treg cell development. At low concentrations in concert with IL-6 and IL-21, leads to expression of the IL-17 and IL-23 receptors, favoring differentiation to Th17 cells.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane RegionsNot Available
GenBank Protein ID1212989
UniProtKB IDP01137
UniProtKB Entry NameTGFB1_HUMAN
Cellular LocationSecreted
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0021835|Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFB1)
ATGCCGCCCTCCGGGCTGCGGCTGCTGCCGCTGCTGCTACCGCTGCTGTGGCTACTGGTG
CTGACGCCTGGCCGGCCGGCCGCGGGACTATCCACCTGCAAGACTATCGACATGGAGCTG
GTGAAGCGGAAGCGCATCGAGGCCATCCGCGGCCAGATCCTGTCCAAGCTGCGGCTCGCC
AGCCCCCCGAGCCAGGGGGAGGTGCCGCCCGGCCCGCTGCCCGAGGCCGTGCTCGCCCTG
TACAACAGCACCCGCGACCGGGTGGCCGGGGAGAGTGCAGAACCGGAGCCCGAGCCTGAG
GCCGACTACTACGCCAAGGAGGTCACCCGCGTGCTAATGGTGGAAACCCACAACGAAATC
TATGACAAGTTCAAGCAGAGTACACACAGCATATATATGTTCTTCAACACATCAGAGCTC
CGAGAAGCGGTACCTGAACCCGTGTTGCTCTCCCGGGCAGAGCTGCGTCTGCTGAGGCTC
AAGTTAAAAGTGGAGCAGCACGTGGAGCTGTACCAGAAATACAGCAACAATTCCTGGCGA
TACCTCAGCAACCGGCTGCTGGCACCCAGCGACTCGCCAGAGTGGTTATCTTTTGATGTC
ACCGGAGTTGTGCGGCAGTGGTTGAGCCGTGGAGGGGAAATTGAGGGCTTTCGCCTTAGC
GCCCACTGCTCCTGTGACAGCAGGGATAACACACTGCAAGTGGACATCAACGGGTTCACT
ACCGGCCGCCGAGGTGACCTGGCCACCATTCATGGCATGAACCGGCCTTTCCTGCTTCTC
ATGGCCACCCCGCTGGAGAGGGCCCAGCATCTGCAAAGCTCCCGGCACCGCCGAGCCCTG
GACACCAACTATTGCTTCAGCTCCACGGAGAAGAACTGCTGCGTGCGGCAGCTGTACATT
GACTTCCGCAAGGACCTCGGCTGGAAGTGGATCCACGAGCCCAAGGGCTACCATGCCAAC
TTCTGCCTCGGGCCCTGCCCCTACATTTGGAGCCTGGACACGCAGTACAGCAAGGTCCTG
GCCCTGTACAACCAGCATAACCCGGGCGCCTCGGCGGCGCCGTGCTGCGTGCCGCAGGCG
CTGGAGCCGCTGCCCATCGTGTACTACGTGGGCCGCAAGCCCAAGGTGGAGCAGCTGTCC
AACATGATCGTGCGCTCCTGCAAGTGCAGCTGA
GenBank Gene IDX05839
GeneCard IDNot Available
GenAtlas IDTGFB1
HGNC IDHGNC:11766
Chromosome Location19
Locus19q13.2|19q13.1
References
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