You are using an unsupported browser. Please upgrade your browser to a newer version to get the best experience on Toxin, Toxin Target Database.
NameInterleukin-1 alpha
Synonyms
  • Hematopoietin-1
  • IL-1 alpha
  • IL1F1
Gene NameIL1A
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0019622|Interleukin-1 alpha
MAKVPDMFEDLKNCYSENEEDSSSIDHLSLNQKSFYHVSYGPLHEGCMDQSVSLSISETS
KTSKLTFKESMVVVATNGKVLKKRRLSLSQSITDDDLEAIANDSEEEIIKPRSAPFSFLS
NVKYNFMRIIKYEFILNDALNQSIIRANDQYLTAAALHNLDEAVKFDMGAYKSSKDDAKI
TVILRISKTQLYVTAQDEDQPVLLKEMPEIPKTITGSETNLLFFWETHGTKNYFTSVAHP
NLFIATKQDYWVCLAGGPPSITDFQILENQA
Number of residues271
Molecular Weight30606.29
Theoretical pINot Available
GO Classification
Functions
  • copper ion binding
  • cytokine activity
Processes
  • extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand
  • fever generation
  • apoptotic process
  • positive regulation of cytokine secretion
  • negative regulation of cell proliferation
  • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
  • cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
  • positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division
  • positive regulation of angiogenesis
  • positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
  • positive regulation of gene expression
  • positive regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
  • response to copper ion
  • positive regulation of protein secretion
  • immune response
  • negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand
  • cellular response to heat
  • inflammatory response
  • connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing
  • cell proliferation
  • ectopic germ cell programmed cell death
Components
  • cytosol
  • extracellular region
  • extracellular space
General FunctionCytokine activity
Specific FunctionProduced by activated macrophages, IL-1 stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing IL-2 release, B-cell maturation and proliferation, and fibroblast growth factor activity. IL-1 proteins are involved in the inflammatory response, being identified as endogenous pyrogens, and are reported to stimulate the release of prostaglandin and collagenase from synovial cells.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane RegionsNot Available
GenBank Protein IDNot Available
UniProtKB IDP01583
UniProtKB Entry NameIL1A_HUMAN
Cellular LocationSecreted
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0019623|Interleukin-1 alpha (IL1A)
ATGGCCAAAGTTCCAGACATGTTTGAAGACCTGAAGAACTGTTACAGTGAAAATGAAGAA
GACAGTTCCTCCATTGATCATCTGTCTCTGAATCAGAAATCCTTCTATCATGTAAGCTAT
GGCCCACTCCATGAAGGCTGCATGGATCAATCTGTGTCTCTGAGTATCTCTGAAACCTCT
AAAACATCCAAGCTTACCTTCAAGGAGAGCATGGTGGTAGTAGCAACCAACGGGAAGGTT
CTGAAGAAGAGACGGTTGAGTTTAAGCCAATCCATCACTGATGATGACCTGGAGGCCATC
GCCAATGACTCAGAGGAAGAAATCATCAAGCCTAGGTCAGCACCTTTTAGCTTCCTGAGC
AATGTGAAATACAACTTTATGAGGATCATCAAATACGAATTCATCCTGAATGACGCCCTC
AATCAAAGTATAATTCGAGCCAATGATCAGTACCTCACGGCTGCTGCATTACATAATCTG
GATGAAGCAGTGAAATTTGACATGGGTGCTTATAAGTCATCAAAGGATGATGCTAAAATT
ACCGTGATTCTAAGAATCTCAAAAACTCAATTGTATGTGACTGCCCAAGATGAAGACCAA
CCAGTGCTGCTGAAGGAGATGCCTGAGATACCCAAAACCATCACAGGTAGTGAGACCAAC
CTCCTCTTCTTCTGGGAAACTCACGGCACTAAGAACTATTTCACATCAGTTGCCCATCCA
AACTTGTTTATTGCCACAAAGCAAGACTACTGGGTGTGCTTGGCAGGGGGGCCACCCTCT
ATCACTGACTTTCAGATACTGGAAAACCAGGCGTAG
GenBank Gene IDNot Available
GeneCard IDNot Available
GenAtlas IDNot Available
HGNC IDHGNC:5991
Chromosome Location2
LocusNot Available
References
  1. March CJ, Mosley B, Larsen A, Cerretti DP, Braedt G, Price V, Gillis S, Henney CS, Kronheim SR, Grabstein K, et al.: Cloning, sequence and expression of two distinct human interleukin-1 complementary DNAs. Nature. 1985 Jun 20-26;315(6021):641-7. 2989698
  2. Furutani Y, Notake M, Fukui T, Ohue M, Nomura H, Yamada M, Nakamura S: Complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for human interleukin 1 alpha. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Apr 25;14(8):3167-79. 3486405
  3. Furutani Y, Notake M, Yamayoshi M, Yamagishi J, Nomura H, Ohue M, Furuta R, Fukui T, Yamada M, Nakamura S: Cloning and characterization of the cDNAs for human and rabbit interleukin-1 precursor. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Aug 26;13(16):5869-82. 2994016
  4. Kotenko SV, Bulenkov MT, Veiko VP, Epishin SM, Lomakin IB: [Cloning of the cDNA coding for human prointerleukin-1 alpha and prointerleukin-1 beta]. Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR. 1989;309(4):1005-8. 2635664
  5. Gubler U, Chua AO, Stern AS, Hellmann CP, Vitek MP, DeChiara TM, Benjamin WR, Collier KJ, Dukovich M, Familletti PC, et al.: Recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha: purification and biological characterization. J Immunol. 1986 Apr 1;136(7):2492-7. 3485152
  6. Nishida T, Nishino N, Takano M, Kawai K, Bando K, Masui Y, Nakai S, Hirai Y: cDNA cloning of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta from mRNA of U937 cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987 Feb 27;143(1):345-52. 3493774
  7. Nicklin MJ, Barton JL, Nguyen M, FitzGerald MG, Duff GW, Kornman K: A sequence-based map of the nine genes of the human interleukin-1 cluster. Genomics. 2002 May;79(5):718-25. 11991722
  8. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. 14702039
  9. Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Pepin KH, Minx P, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Kremitzki C, Oddy L, Du H, Sun H, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Carter J, Cordes M, Harris A, Isak A, van Brunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Abbott S, Armstrong J, Belter EA, Caruso L, Cedroni M, Cotton M, Davidson T, Desai A, Elliott G, Erb T, Fronick C, Gaige T, Haakenson W, Haglund K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Kim K, Kruchowski SS, Strong CM, Grewal N, Goyea E, Hou S, Levy A, Martinka S, Mead K, McLellan MD, Meyer R, Randall-Maher J, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Shah N, Swearengen-Shahid S, Snider J, Strong JT, Thompson J, Yoakum M, Leonard S, Pearman C, Trani L, Radionenko M, Waligorski JE, Wang C, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Maupin R, Latreille P, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Pohl C, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Berkowicz N, Nelson JO, Osborne J, Ding L, Meyer R, Sabo A, Shotland Y, Sinha P, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Jones TA, She X, Ciccarelli FD, Izaurralde E, Taylor J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Cox DR, Huang X, McPherson JD, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Warren WC, Chinwalla AT, Eddy SR, Marra MA, Ovcharenko I, Furey TS, Miller W, Eichler EE, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. Nature. 2005 Apr 7;434(7034):724-31. 15815621
  10. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. 15489334
  11. Zsebo KM, Wypych J, Yuschenkoff VN, Lu H, Hunt P, Dukes PP, Langley KE: Effects of hematopoietin-1 and interleukin 1 activities on early hematopoietic cells of the bone marrow. Blood. 1988 Apr;71(4):962-8. 3281727
  12. Stevenson FT, Bursten SL, Fanton C, Locksley RM, Lovett DH: The 31-kDa precursor of interleukin 1 alpha is myristoylated on specific lysines within the 16-kDa N-terminal propiece. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Aug 1;90(15):7245-9. 8346241
  13. Graves BJ, Hatada MH, Hendrickson WA, Miller JK, Madison VS, Satow Y: Structure of interleukin 1 alpha at 2.7-A resolution. Biochemistry. 1990 Mar 20;29(11):2679-84. 2346741