You are using an unsupported browser. Please upgrade your browser to a newer version to get the best experience on Toxin, Toxin Target Database.
NameCellular tumor antigen p53
Synonyms
  • Antigen NY-CO-13
  • P53
  • Phosphoprotein p53
  • Tumor suppressor p53
Gene NameTP53
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0006595|Cellular tumor antigen p53
MEEPQSDPSVEPPLSQETFSDLWKLLPENNVLSPLPSQAMDDLMLSPDDIEQWFTEDPGP
DEAPRMPEAAPPVAPAPAAPTPAAPAPAPSWPLSSSVPSQKTYQGSYGFRLGFLHSGTAK
SVTCTYSPALNKMFCQLAKTCPVQLWVDSTPPPGTRVRAMAIYKQSQHMTEVVRRCPHHE
RCSDSDGLAPPQHLIRVEGNLRVEYLDDRNTFRHSVVVPYEPPEVGSDCTTIHYNYMCNS
SCMGGMNRRPILTIITLEDSSGNLLGRNSFEVRVCACPGRDRRTEEENLRKKGEPHHELP
PGSTKRALPNNTSSSPQPKKKPLDGEYFTLQIRGRERFEMFRELNEALELKDAQAGKEPG
GSRAHSSHLKSKKGQSTSRHKKLMFKTEGPDSD
Number of residues393
Molecular Weight43652.79
Theoretical pI6.78
GO Classification
Functions
  • histone acetyltransferase binding
  • DNA binding
  • protein phosphatase binding
  • core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
  • RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
  • transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific binding
  • RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
  • double-stranded DNA binding
  • histone deacetylase regulator activity
  • transcription regulatory region DNA binding
  • receptor tyrosine kinase binding
  • protease binding
  • chromatin binding
  • transcription factor binding
  • zinc ion binding
  • p53 binding
  • chaperone binding
  • transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding
  • enzyme binding
  • protein heterodimerization activity
  • transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
  • damaged DNA binding
  • protein kinase binding
  • RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding
  • ATP binding
  • protein self-association
  • protein N-terminus binding
  • ubiquitin protein ligase binding
  • copper ion binding
  • protein phosphatase 2A binding
  • identical protein binding
  • sequence-specific DNA binding
Processes
  • negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation
  • negative regulation of helicase activity
  • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
  • chromosome breakage
  • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia
  • protein complex assembly
  • gene expression
  • mitochondrial DNA repair
  • positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process
  • negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process
  • oligodendrocyte apoptotic process
  • multicellular organism growth
  • positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria
  • response to salt stress
  • T cell proliferation involved in immune response
  • regulation of apoptotic process
  • cerebellum development
  • positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis
  • positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability
  • protein tetramerization
  • negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
  • positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
  • B cell lineage commitment
  • T cell lineage commitment
  • transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter
  • neuron apoptotic process
  • positive regulation of protein oligomerization
  • response to antibiotic
  • positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process
  • apoptotic process
  • protein localization
  • regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability
  • in utero embryonic development
  • cellular response to hypoxia
  • positive regulation of histone deacetylation
  • DNA repair
  • regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process
  • negative regulation of apoptotic process
  • negative regulation of cell growth
  • regulation of tissue remodeling
  • cellular response to glucose starvation
  • cell aging
  • regulation of glycolytic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
  • negative regulation of cell proliferation
  • viral process
  • regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process
  • negative regulation of DNA replication
  • necroptotic process
  • cellular response to drug
  • regulation of cellular senescence
  • programmed cell death
  • regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator
  • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
  • protein import into nucleus, translocation
  • negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
  • T cell differentiation in thymus
  • intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator
  • Ras protein signal transduction
  • response to X-ray
  • mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint
  • transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
  • DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator
  • multicellular organismal development
  • DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest
  • cellular response to UV
  • ER overload response
  • cell differentiation
  • positive regulation of gene expression
  • intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
  • cell cycle arrest
  • negative regulation of proteolysis
  • entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod
  • negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation
  • cellular response to DNA damage stimulus
  • intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
  • release of cytochrome c from mitochondria
  • mitotic cell cycle arrest
  • nucleotide-excision repair
  • positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process
  • positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process
  • determination of adult lifespan
  • oxidative stress-induced premature senescence
  • double-strand break repair
  • cellular response to ionizing radiation
  • DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
  • response to gamma radiation
  • somitogenesis
  • cellular response to UV-C
  • positive regulation of apoptotic process
  • rRNA transcription
  • positive regulation of cell cycle arrest
  • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
  • response to ischemia
  • circadian behavior
  • positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
  • chromatin assembly
  • cell proliferation
  • gastrulation
  • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
  • DNA strand renaturation
  • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
  • Notch signaling pathway
  • cellular protein localization
  • negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate
  • base-excision repair
  • embryonic organ development
  • blood coagulation
  • intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia
  • positive regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway
  • replicative senescence
  • negative regulation of macromitophagy
Components
  • nucleus
  • replication fork
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • cytosol
  • mitochondrial matrix
  • nucleolus
  • nucleoplasm
  • PML body
  • cytoplasm
  • mitochondrion
  • nuclear chromatin
  • protein complex
  • nuclear matrix
General FunctionNot Available
Specific FunctionNot Available
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane RegionsNot Available
GenBank Protein IDNot Available
UniProtKB IDP04637
UniProtKB Entry NameP53_HUMAN
Cellular LocationCytoplasm
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0021858|Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53)
ATGGAGGAGCCGCAGTCAGATCCTAGCGTCGAGCCCCCTCTGAGTCAGGAAACATTTTCA
GACCTATGGAAACTACTTCCTGAAAACAACGTTCTGTCCCCCTTGCCGTCCCAAGCAATG
GATGATTTGATGCTGTCCCCGGACGATATTGAACAATGGTTCACTGAAGACCCAGGTCCA
GATGAAGCTCCCAGAATGCCAGAGGCTGCTCCCCCCGTGGCCCCTGCACCAGCAGCTCCT
ACACCGGCGGCCCCTGCACCAGCCCCCTCCTGGCCCCTGTCATCTTCTGTCCCTTCCCAG
AAAACCTACCAGGGCAGCTACGGTTTCCGTCTGGGCTTCTTGCATTCTGGGACAGCCAAG
TCTGTGACTTGCACGTACTCCCCTGCCCTCAACAAGATGTTTTGCCAACTGGCCAAGACC
TGCCCTGTGCAGCTGTGGGTTGATTCCACACCCCCGCCCGGCACCCGCGTCCGCGCCATG
GCCATCTACAAGCAGTCACAGCACATGACGGAGGTTGTGAGGCGCTGCCCCCACCATGAG
CGCTGCTCAGATAGCGATGGTCTGGCCCCTCCTCAGCATCTTATCCGAGTGGAAGGAAAT
TTGCGTGTGGAGTATTTGGATGACAGAAACACTTTTCGACATAGTGTGGTGGTGCCCTAT
GAGCCGCCTGAGGTTGGCTCTGACTGTACCACCATCCACTACAACTACATGTGTAACAGT
TCCTGCATGGGCGGCATGAACCGGAGGCCCATCCTCACCATCATCACACTGGAAGACTCC
AGTGGTAATCTACTGGGACGGAACAGCTTTGAGGTGCGTGTTTGTGCCTGTCCTGGGAGA
GACCGGCGCACAGAGGAAGAGAATCTCCGCAAGAAAGGGGAGCCTCACCACGAGCTGCCC
CCAGGGAGCACTAAGCGAGCACTGCCCAACAACACCAGCTCCTCTCCCCAGCCAAAGAAG
AAACCACTGGATGGAGAATATTTCACCCTTCAGATCCGTGGGCGTGAGCGCTTCGAGATG
TTCCGAGAGCTGAATGAGGCCTTGGAACTCAAGGATGCCCAGGCTGGGAAGGAGCCAGGG
GGGAGCAGGGCTCACTCCAGCCACCTGAAGTCCAAAAAGGGTCAGTCTACCTCCCGCCAT
AAAAAACTCATGTTCAAGACAGAAGGGCCTGACTCAGACTGA
GenBank Gene IDX02469
GeneCard IDNot Available
GenAtlas IDTP53
HGNC IDHGNC:11998
Chromosome LocationNot Available
Locus17p13.1
References
  1. Zakut-Houri R, Bienz-Tadmor B, Givol D, Oren M: Human p53 cellular tumor antigen: cDNA sequence and expression in COS cells. EMBO J. 1985 May;4(5):1251-5. 4006916
  2. Lamb P, Crawford L: Characterization of the human p53 gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 May;6(5):1379-85. 2946935
  3. Harlow E, Williamson NM, Ralston R, Helfman DM, Adams TE: Molecular cloning and in vitro expression of a cDNA clone for human cellular tumor antigen p53. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Jul;5(7):1601-10. 3894933
  4. Harris N, Brill E, Shohat O, Prokocimer M, Wolf D, Arai N, Rotter V: Molecular basis for heterogeneity of the human p53 protein. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Dec;6(12):4650-6. 3025664
  5. Buchman VL, Chumakov PM, Ninkina NN, Samarina OP, Georgiev GP: A variation in the structure of the protein-coding region of the human p53 gene. Gene. 1988 Oct 30;70(2):245-52. 2905688
  6. Farrell PJ, Allan GJ, Shanahan F, Vousden KH, Crook T: p53 is frequently mutated in Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines. EMBO J. 1991 Oct;10(10):2879-87. 1915267
  7. Allalunis-Turner MJ, Barron GM, Day RS 3rd, Dobler KD, Mirzayans R: Isolation of two cell lines from a human malignant glioma specimen differing in sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs. Radiat Res. 1993 Jun;134(3):349-54. 8316628
  8. Chang NS, Pratt N, Heath J, Schultz L, Sleve D, Carey GB, Zevotek N: Hyaluronidase induction of a WW domain-containing oxidoreductase that enhances tumor necrosis factor cytotoxicity. J Biol Chem. 2001 Feb 2;276(5):3361-70. Epub 2000 Oct 31. 11058590
  9. Bourdon JC, Fernandes K, Murray-Zmijewski F, Liu G, Diot A, Xirodimas DP, Saville MK, Lane DP: p53 isoforms can regulate p53 transcriptional activity. Genes Dev. 2005 Sep 15;19(18):2122-37. Epub 2005 Aug 30. 16131611
  10. Anderson CW, Allalunis-Turner MJ: Human TP53 from the malignant glioma-derived cell lines M059J and M059K has a cancer-associated mutation in exon 8. Radiat Res. 2000 Oct;154(4):473-6. 11023613
  11. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. 14702039
  12. Zody MC, Garber M, Adams DJ, Sharpe T, Harrow J, Lupski JR, Nicholson C, Searle SM, Wilming L, Young SK, Abouelleil A, Allen NR, Bi W, Bloom T, Borowsky ML, Bugalter BE, Butler J, Chang JL, Chen CK, Cook A, Corum B, Cuomo CA, de Jong PJ, DeCaprio D, Dewar K, FitzGerald M, Gilbert J, Gibson R, Gnerre S, Goldstein S, Grafham DV, Grocock R, Hafez N, Hagopian DS, Hart E, Norman CH, Humphray S, Jaffe DB, Jones M, Kamal M, Khodiyar VK, LaButti K, Laird G, Lehoczky J, Liu X, Lokyitsang T, Loveland J, Lui A, Macdonald P, Major JE, Matthews L, Mauceli E, McCarroll SA, Mihalev AH, Mudge J, Nguyen C, Nicol R, O'Leary SB, Osoegawa K, Schwartz DC, Shaw-Smith C, Stankiewicz P, Steward C, Swarbreck D, Venkataraman V, Whittaker CA, Yang X, Zimmer AR, Bradley A, Hubbard T, Birren BW, Rogers J, Lander ES, Nusbaum C: DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage. Nature. 2006 Apr 20;440(7087):1045-9. 16625196
  13. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. 15489334
  14. Kanashiro CA, Schally AV, Groot K, Armatis P, Bernardino AL, Varga JL: Inhibition of mutant p53 expression and growth of DMS-153 small cell lung carcinoma by antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone and bombesin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Dec 23;100(26):15836-41. Epub 2003 Dec 5. 14660794
  15. Matlashewski G, Lamb P, Pim D, Peacock J, Crawford L, Benchimol S: Isolation and characterization of a human p53 cDNA clone: expression of the human p53 gene. EMBO J. 1984 Dec 20;3(13):3257-62. 6396087
  16. Addison C, Jenkins JR, Sturzbecher HW: The p53 nuclear localisation signal is structurally linked to a p34cdc2 kinase motif. Oncogene. 1990 Mar;5(3):423-6. 2156209
  17. Bischoff JR, Friedman PN, Marshak DR, Prives C, Beach D: Human p53 is phosphorylated by p60-cdc2 and cyclin B-cdc2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jun;87(12):4766-70. 2141171
  18. Samad A, Carroll RB: The tumor suppressor p53 is bound to RNA by a stable covalent linkage. Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Mar;11(3):1598-606. 1705009
  19. Scheidtmann KH, Mumby MC, Rundell K, Walter G: Dephosphorylation of simian virus 40 large-T antigen and p53 protein by protein phosphatase 2A: inhibition by small-t antigen. Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Apr;11(4):1996-2003. 1848668
  20. Flaman JM, Waridel F, Estreicher A, Vannier A, Limacher JM, Gilbert D, Iggo R, Frebourg T: The human tumour suppressor gene p53 is alternatively spliced in normal cells. Oncogene. 1996 Feb 15;12(4):813-8. 8632903
  21. Shaw P, Freeman J, Bovey R, Iggo R: Regulation of specific DNA binding by p53: evidence for a role for O-glycosylation and charged residues at the carboxy-terminus. Oncogene. 1996 Feb 15;12(4):921-30. 8632915
  22. Ko LJ, Shieh SY, Chen X, Jayaraman L, Tamai K, Taya Y, Prives C, Pan ZQ: p53 is phosphorylated by CDK7-cyclin H in a p36MAT1-dependent manner. Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Dec;17(12):7220-9. 9372954
  23. Schneider E, Montenarh M, Wagner P: Regulation of CAK kinase activity by p53. Oncogene. 1998 Nov 26;17(21):2733-41. 9840937
  24. Dumaz N, Milne DM, Meek DW: Protein kinase CK1 is a p53-threonine 18 kinase which requires prior phosphorylation of serine 15. FEBS Lett. 1999 Dec 17;463(3):312-6. 10606744
  25. Liang SH, Clarke MF: A bipartite nuclear localization signal is required for p53 nuclear import regulated by a carboxyl-terminal domain. J Biol Chem. 1999 Nov 12;274(46):32699-703. 10551826
  26. Chehab NH, Malikzay A, Stavridi ES, Halazonetis TD: Phosphorylation of Ser-20 mediates stabilization of human p53 in response to DNA damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Nov 23;96(24):13777-82. 10570149
  27. Fang S, Jensen JP, Ludwig RL, Vousden KH, Weissman AM: Mdm2 is a RING finger-dependent ubiquitin protein ligase for itself and p53. J Biol Chem. 2000 Mar 24;275(12):8945-51. 10722742
  28. Abraham J, Kelly J, Thibault P, Benchimol S: Post-translational modification of p53 protein in response to ionizing radiation analyzed by mass spectrometry. J Mol Biol. 2000 Jan 28;295(4):853-64. 10656795
  29. Luciani MG, Hutchins JR, Zheleva D, Hupp TR: The C-terminal regulatory domain of p53 contains a functional docking site for cyclin A. J Mol Biol. 2000 Jul 14;300(3):503-18. 10884347
  30. Guo A, Salomoni P, Luo J, Shih A, Zhong S, Gu W, Pandolfi PP: The function of PML in p53-dependent apoptosis. Nat Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;2(10):730-6. 11025664
  31. Sandy P, Gostissa M, Fogal V, Cecco LD, Szalay K, Rooney RJ, Schneider C, Del Sal G: p53 is involved in the p120E4F-mediated growth arrest. Oncogene. 2000 Jan 13;19(2):188-99. 10644996
  32. Lopez-Borges S, Lazo PA: The human vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) phosphorylates threonine-18 within the mdm-2 binding site of the p53 tumour suppressor protein. Oncogene. 2000 Jul 27;19(32):3656-64. 10951572
  33. Hainaut P, Mann K: Zinc binding and redox control of p53 structure and function. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2001 Aug;3(4):611-23. 11554448
  34. Imamura K, Ogura T, Kishimoto A, Kaminishi M, Esumi H: Cell cycle regulation via p53 phosphorylation by a 5'-AMP activated protein kinase activator, 5-aminoimidazole- 4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Sep 21;287(2):562-7. 11554766
  35. Vaziri H, Dessain SK, Ng Eaton E, Imai SI, Frye RA, Pandita TK, Guarente L, Weinberg RA: hSIR2(SIRT1) functions as an NAD-dependent p53 deacetylase. Cell. 2001 Oct 19;107(2):149-59. 11672523
  36. Hong TM, Chen JJ, Peck K, Yang PC, Wu CW: p53 amino acids 339-346 represent the minimal p53 repression domain. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jan 12;276(2):1510-5. 11007800
  37. Xie S, Wang Q, Wu H, Cogswell J, Lu L, Jhanwar-Uniyal M, Dai W: Reactive oxygen species-induced phosphorylation of p53 on serine 20 is mediated in part by polo-like kinase-3. J Biol Chem. 2001 Sep 28;276(39):36194-9. Epub 2001 Jul 10. 11447225
  38. Xie S, Wu H, Wang Q, Cogswell JP, Husain I, Conn C, Stambrook P, Jhanwar-Uniyal M, Dai W: Plk3 functionally links DNA damage to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis at least in part via the p53 pathway. J Biol Chem. 2001 Nov 16;276(46):43305-12. Epub 2001 Sep 10. 11551930
  39. Rodriguez MS, Dargemont C, Hay RT: SUMO-1 conjugation in vivo requires both a consensus modification motif and nuclear targeting. J Biol Chem. 2001 Apr 20;276(16):12654-9. Epub 2000 Dec 21. 11124955
  40. Abe Y, Matsumoto S, Wei S, Nezu K, Miyoshi A, Kito K, Ueda N, Shigemoto K, Hitsumoto Y, Nikawa J, Enomoto Y: Cloning and characterization of a p53-related protein kinase expressed in interleukin-2-activated cytotoxic T-cells, epithelial tumor cell lines, and the testes. J Biol Chem. 2001 Nov 23;276(47):44003-11. Epub 2001 Sep 6. 11546806
  41. Keller DM, Zeng X, Wang Y, Zhang QH, Kapoor M, Shu H, Goodman R, Lozano G, Zhao Y, Lu H: A DNA damage-induced p53 serine 392 kinase complex contains CK2, hSpt16, and SSRP1. Mol Cell. 2001 Feb;7(2):283-92. 11239457
  42. Hu M, Li P, Li M, Li W, Yao T, Wu JW, Gu W, Cohen RE, Shi Y: Crystal structure of a UBP-family deubiquitinating enzyme in isolation and in complex with ubiquitin aldehyde. Cell. 2002 Dec 27;111(7):1041-54. 12507430
  43. Tsuji K, Mizumoto K, Yamochi T, Nishimoto I, Matsuoka M: Differential effect of ik3-1/cables on p53- and p73-induced cell death. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jan 25;277(4):2951-7. Epub 2001 Nov 12. 11706030
  44. Kim EJ, Park JS, Um SJ: Identification and characterization of HIPK2 interacting with p73 and modulating functions of the p53 family in vivo. J Biol Chem. 2002 Aug 30;277(35):32020-8. Epub 2002 Mar 29. 11925430
  45. Hofmann TG, Moller A, Sirma H, Zentgraf H, Taya Y, Droge W, Will H, Schmitz ML: Regulation of p53 activity by its interaction with homeodomain-interacting protein kinase-2. Nat Cell Biol. 2002 Jan;4(1):1-10. 11740489
  46. D'Orazi G, Cecchinelli B, Bruno T, Manni I, Higashimoto Y, Saito S, Gostissa M, Coen S, Marchetti A, Del Sal G, Piaggio G, Fanciulli M, Appella E, Soddu S: Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase-2 phosphorylates p53 at Ser 46 and mediates apoptosis. Nat Cell Biol. 2002 Jan;4(1):11-9. 11780126
  47. Shiseki M, Nagashima M, Pedeux RM, Kitahama-Shiseki M, Miura K, Okamura S, Onogi H, Higashimoto Y, Appella E, Yokota J, Harris CC: p29ING4 and p28ING5 bind to p53 and p300, and enhance p53 activity. Cancer Res. 2003 May 15;63(10):2373-8. 12750254
  48. Wang YH, Tsay YG, Tan BC, Lo WY, Lee SC: Identification and characterization of a novel p300-mediated p53 acetylation site, lysine 305. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jul 11;278(28):25568-76. Epub 2003 Apr 30. 12724314
  49. Louria-Hayon I, Grossman T, Sionov RV, Alsheich O, Pandolfi PP, Haupt Y: The promyelocytic leukemia protein protects p53 from Mdm2-mediated inhibition and degradation. J Biol Chem. 2003 Aug 29;278(35):33134-41. Epub 2003 Jun 16. 12810724
  50. Tomasini R, Samir AA, Carrier A, Isnardon D, Cecchinelli B, Soddu S, Malissen B, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL, Dusetti NJ: TP53INP1s and homeodomain-interacting protein kinase-2 (HIPK2) are partners in regulating p53 activity. J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 26;278(39):37722-9. Epub 2003 Jul 7. 12851404
  51. O'Keefe K, Li H, Zhang Y: Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of p53 is essential for MDM2-mediated cytoplasmic degradation but not ubiquitination. Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Sep;23(18):6396-405. 12944468
  52. Kondo S, Lu Y, Debbas M, Lin AW, Sarosi I, Itie A, Wakeham A, Tuan J, Saris C, Elliott G, Ma W, Benchimol S, Lowe SW, Mak TW, Thukral SK: Characterization of cells and gene-targeted mice deficient for the p53-binding kinase homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 1 (HIPK1). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Apr 29;100(9):5431-6. Epub 2003 Apr 17. 12702766
  53. Hasan MK, Yaguchi T, Minoda Y, Hirano T, Taira K, Wadhwa R, Kaul SC: Alternative reading frame protein (ARF)-independent function of CARF (collaborator of ARF) involves its interactions with p53: evidence for a novel p53-activation pathway and its negative feedback control. Biochem J. 2004 Jun 15;380(Pt 3):605-10. 15109303
  54. An W, Kim J, Roeder RG: Ordered cooperative functions of PRMT1, p300, and CARM1 in transcriptional activation by p53. Cell. 2004 Jun 11;117(6):735-48. 15186775
  55. Kojic S, Medeot E, Guccione E, Krmac H, Zara I, Martinelli V, Valle G, Faulkner G: The Ankrd2 protein, a link between the sarcomere and the nucleus in skeletal muscle. J Mol Biol. 2004 May 28;339(2):313-25. 15136035
  56. Li HH, Li AG, Sheppard HM, Liu X: Phosphorylation on Thr-55 by TAF1 mediates degradation of p53: a role for TAF1 in cell G1 progression. Mol Cell. 2004 Mar 26;13(6):867-78. 15053879
  57. Li M, Brooks CL, Kon N, Gu W: A dynamic role of HAUSP in the p53-Mdm2 pathway. Mol Cell. 2004 Mar 26;13(6):879-86. 15053880
  58. Ghosh A, Stewart D, Matlashewski G: Regulation of human p53 activity and cell localization by alternative splicing. Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Sep;24(18):7987-97. 15340061
  59. Chuikov S, Kurash JK, Wilson JR, Xiao B, Justin N, Ivanov GS, McKinney K, Tempst P, Prives C, Gamblin SJ, Barlev NA, Reinberg D: Regulation of p53 activity through lysine methylation. Nature. 2004 Nov 18;432(7015):353-60. Epub 2004 Nov 3. 15525938
  60. Katayama H, Sasai K, Kawai H, Yuan ZM, Bondaruk J, Suzuki F, Fujii S, Arlinghaus RB, Czerniak BA, Sen S: Phosphorylation by aurora kinase A induces Mdm2-mediated destabilization and inhibition of p53. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):55-62. Epub 2003 Dec 14. 14702041
  61. Hublitz P, Kunowska N, Mayer UP, Muller JM, Heyne K, Yin N, Fritzsche C, Poli C, Miguet L, Schupp IW, van Grunsven LA, Potiers N, van Dorsselaer A, Metzger E, Roemer K, Schule R: NIR is a novel INHAT repressor that modulates the transcriptional activity of p53. Genes Dev. 2005 Dec 1;19(23):2912-24. 16322561
  62. Jalota A, Singh K, Pavithra L, Kaul-Ghanekar R, Jameel S, Chattopadhyay S: Tumor suppressor SMAR1 activates and stabilizes p53 through its arginine-serine-rich motif. J Biol Chem. 2005 Apr 22;280(16):16019-29. Epub 2005 Feb 8. 15701641
  63. Golubovskaya VM, Finch R, Cance WG: Direct interaction of the N-terminal domain of focal adhesion kinase with the N-terminal transactivation domain of p53. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jul 1;280(26):25008-21. Epub 2005 Apr 25. 15855171
  64. Chang NS, Doherty J, Ensign A, Schultz L, Hsu LJ, Hong Q: WOX1 is essential for tumor necrosis factor-, UV light-, staurosporine-, and p53-mediated cell death, and its tyrosine 33-phosphorylated form binds and stabilizes serine 46-phosphorylated p53. J Biol Chem. 2005 Dec 30;280(52):43100-8. Epub 2005 Oct 11. 16219768
  65. Jones RG, Plas DR, Kubek S, Buzzai M, Mu J, Xu Y, Birnbaum MJ, Thompson CB: AMP-activated protein kinase induces a p53-dependent metabolic checkpoint. Mol Cell. 2005 Apr 29;18(3):283-93. 15866171
  66. Zeng PY, Berger SL: LKB1 is recruited to the p21/WAF1 promoter by p53 to mediate transcriptional activation. Cancer Res. 2006 Nov 15;66(22):10701-8. 17108107
  67. Blanco S, Klimcakova L, Vega FM, Lazo PA: The subcellular localization of vaccinia-related kinase-2 (VRK2) isoforms determines their different effect on p53 stability in tumour cell lines. FEBS J. 2006 Jun;273(11):2487-504. 16704422
  68. Gu YM, Jin YH, Choi JK, Baek KH, Yeo CY, Lee KY: Protein kinase A phosphorylates and regulates dimerization of 14-3-3 epsilon. FEBS Lett. 2006 Jan 9;580(1):305-10. Epub 2005 Dec 19. 16376338
  69. Yoshida K, Liu H, Miki Y: Protein kinase C delta regulates Ser46 phosphorylation of p53 tumor suppressor in the apoptotic response to DNA damage. J Biol Chem. 2006 Mar 3;281(9):5734-40. Epub 2005 Dec 23. 16377624
  70. Huang J, Perez-Burgos L, Placek BJ, Sengupta R, Richter M, Dorsey JA, Kubicek S, Opravil S, Jenuwein T, Berger SL: Repression of p53 activity by Smyd2-mediated methylation. Nature. 2006 Nov 30;444(7119):629-32. Epub 2006 Nov 15. 17108971
  71. Tang J, Qu LK, Zhang J, Wang W, Michaelson JS, Degenhardt YY, El-Deiry WS, Yang X: Critical role for Daxx in regulating Mdm2. Nat Cell Biol. 2006 Aug;8(8):855-62. Epub 2006 Jul 16. 16845383
  72. Couture JF, Collazo E, Hauk G, Trievel RC: Structural basis for the methylation site specificity of SET7/9. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2006 Feb;13(2):140-6. Epub 2006 Jan 15. 16415881
  73. Sun P, Yoshizuka N, New L, Moser BA, Li Y, Liao R, Xie C, Chen J, Deng Q, Yamout M, Dong MQ, Frangou CG, Yates JR 3rd, Wright PE, Han J: PRAK is essential for ras-induced senescence and tumor suppression. Cell. 2007 Jan 26;128(2):295-308. 17254968
  74. Das S, Raj L, Zhao B, Kimura Y, Bernstein A, Aaronson SA, Lee SW: Hzf Determines cell survival upon genotoxic stress by modulating p53 transactivation. Cell. 2007 Aug 24;130(4):624-37. 17719541
  75. Yamasaki S, Yagishita N, Sasaki T, Nakazawa M, Kato Y, Yamadera T, Bae E, Toriyama S, Ikeda R, Zhang L, Fujitani K, Yoo E, Tsuchimochi K, Ohta T, Araya N, Fujita H, Aratani S, Eguchi K, Komiya S, Maruyama I, Higashi N, Sato M, Senoo H, Ochi T, Yokoyama S, Amano T, Kim J, Gay S, Fukamizu A, Nishioka K, Tanaka K, Nakajima T: Cytoplasmic destruction of p53 by the endoplasmic reticulum-resident ubiquitin ligase 'Synoviolin'. EMBO J. 2007 Jan 10;26(1):113-22. Epub 2006 Dec 14. 17170702
  76. Li HH, Cai X, Shouse GP, Piluso LG, Liu X: A specific PP2A regulatory subunit, B56gamma, mediates DNA damage-induced dephosphorylation of p53 at Thr55. EMBO J. 2007 Jan 24;26(2):402-11. 17245430
  77. Zhou X, Yang G, Huang R, Chen X, Hu G: SVH-B interacts directly with p53 and suppresses the transcriptional activity of p53. FEBS Lett. 2007 Oct 16;581(25):4943-8. Epub 2007 Sep 21. 17904127
  78. Arai S, Matsushita A, Du K, Yagi K, Okazaki Y, Kurokawa R: Novel homeodomain-interacting protein kinase family member, HIPK4, phosphorylates human p53 at serine 9. FEBS Lett. 2007 Dec 11;581(29):5649-57. Epub 2007 Nov 20. 18022393
  79. Piskacek S, Gregor M, Nemethova M, Grabner M, Kovarik P, Piskacek M: Nine-amino-acid transactivation domain: establishment and prediction utilities. Genomics. 2007 Jun;89(6):756-68. Epub 2007 Apr 30. 17467953
  80. Yang W, Rozan LM, McDonald ER 3rd, Navaraj A, Liu JJ, Matthew EM, Wang W, Dicker DT, El-Deiry WS: CARPs are ubiquitin ligases that promote MDM2-independent p53 and phospho-p53ser20 degradation. J Biol Chem. 2007 Feb 2;282(5):3273-81. Epub 2006 Nov 22. 17121812
  81. Zhao Y, Katzman RB, Delmolino LM, Bhat I, Zhang Y, Gurumurthy CB, Germaniuk-Kurowska A, Reddi HV, Solomon A, Zeng MS, Kung A, Ma H, Gao Q, Dimri G, Stanculescu A, Miele L, Wu L, Griffin JD, Wazer DE, Band H, Band V: The notch regulator MAML1 interacts with p53 and functions as a coactivator. J Biol Chem. 2007 Apr 20;282(16):11969-81. Epub 2007 Feb 22. 17317671
  82. Lee JH, Kim HS, Lee SJ, Kim KT: Stabilization and activation of p53 induced by Cdk5 contributes to neuronal cell death. J Cell Sci. 2007 Jul 1;120(Pt 13):2259-71. 17591690
  83. Takahashi K, Yoshida N, Murakami N, Kawata K, Ishizaki H, Tanaka-Okamoto M, Miyoshi J, Zinn AR, Shime H, Inoue N: Dynamic regulation of p53 subnuclear localization and senescence by MORC3. Mol Biol Cell. 2007 May;18(5):1701-9. Epub 2007 Mar 1. 17332504
  84. Taira N, Nihira K, Yamaguchi T, Miki Y, Yoshida K: DYRK2 is targeted to the nucleus and controls p53 via Ser46 phosphorylation in the apoptotic response to DNA damage. Mol Cell. 2007 Mar 9;25(5):725-38. 17349958
  85. Huang J, Sengupta R, Espejo AB, Lee MG, Dorsey JA, Richter M, Opravil S, Shiekhattar R, Bedford MT, Jenuwein T, Berger SL: p53 is regulated by the lysine demethylase LSD1. Nature. 2007 Sep 6;449(7158):105-8. 17805299
  86. Shi X, Kachirskaia I, Yamaguchi H, West LE, Wen H, Wang EW, Dutta S, Appella E, Gozani O: Modulation of p53 function by SET8-mediated methylation at lysine 382. Mol Cell. 2007 Aug 17;27(4):636-46. 17707234
  87. Matsuoka S, Ballif BA, Smogorzewska A, McDonald ER 3rd, Hurov KE, Luo J, Bakalarski CE, Zhao Z, Solimini N, Lerenthal Y, Shiloh Y, Gygi SP, Elledge SJ: ATM and ATR substrate analysis reveals extensive protein networks responsive to DNA damage. Science. 2007 May 25;316(5828):1160-6. 17525332
  88. Jin YH, Kim YJ, Kim DW, Baek KH, Kang BY, Yeo CY, Lee KY: Sirt2 interacts with 14-3-3 beta/gamma and down-regulates the activity of p53. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Apr 11;368(3):690-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.01.114. Epub 2008 Feb 4. 18249187
  89. Xie P, Tian C, An L, Nie J, Lu K, Xing G, Zhang L, He F: Histone methyltransferase protein SETD2 interacts with p53 and selectively regulates its downstream genes. Cell Signal. 2008 Sep;20(9):1671-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.05.012. Epub 2008 Jun 27. 18585004
  90. Lim ST, Chen XL, Lim Y, Hanson DA, Vo TT, Howerton K, Larocque N, Fisher SJ, Schlaepfer DD, Ilic D: Nuclear FAK promotes cell proliferation and survival through FERM-enhanced p53 degradation. Mol Cell. 2008 Jan 18;29(1):9-22. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.11.031. 18206965
  91. Shouse GP, Cai X, Liu X: Serine 15 phosphorylation of p53 directs its interaction with B56gamma and the tumor suppressor activity of B56gamma-specific protein phosphatase 2A. Mol Cell Biol. 2008 Jan;28(1):448-56. Epub 2007 Oct 29. 17967874
  92. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. doi: 10.1021/ac9004309. 19413330
  93. Lee EW, Lee MS, Camus S, Ghim J, Yang MR, Oh W, Ha NC, Lane DP, Song J: Differential regulation of p53 and p21 by MKRN1 E3 ligase controls cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. EMBO J. 2009 Jul 22;28(14):2100-13. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2009.164. Epub 2009 Jun 18. 19536131
  94. Yang X, Li H, Zhou Z, Wang WH, Deng A, Andrisani O, Liu X: Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of Topors regulates p53 stability. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jul 10;284(28):18588-92. doi: 10.1074/jbc.C109.001560. Epub 2009 May 27. 19473992
  95. Li DQ, Divijendra Natha Reddy S, Pakala SB, Wu X, Zhang Y, Rayala SK, Kumar R: MTA1 coregulator regulates p53 stability and function. J Biol Chem. 2009 Dec 11;284(50):34545-52. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.056499. Epub 2009 Oct 16. 19837670
  96. Hwang ES, Zhang Z, Cai H, Huang DY, Huong SM, Cha CY, Huang ES: Human cytomegalovirus IE1-72 protein interacts with p53 and inhibits p53-dependent transactivation by a mechanism different from that of IE2-86 protein. J Virol. 2009 Dec;83(23):12388-98. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00304-09. Epub 2009 Sep 23. 19776115
  97. Sun L, Shi L, Li W, Yu W, Liang J, Zhang H, Yang X, Wang Y, Li R, Yao X, Yi X, Shang Y: JFK, a Kelch domain-containing F-box protein, links the SCF complex to p53 regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Jun 23;106(25):10195-200. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0901864106. Epub 2009 Jun 9. 19509332
  98. Allton K, Jain AK, Herz HM, Tsai WW, Jung SY, Qin J, Bergmann A, Johnson RL, Barton MC: Trim24 targets endogenous p53 for degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Jul 14;106(28):11612-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0813177106. Epub 2009 Jun 25. 19556538
  99. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1175371. Epub 2009 Jul 16. 19608861
  100. Yuan J, Luo K, Zhang L, Cheville JC, Lou Z: USP10 regulates p53 localization and stability by deubiquitinating p53. Cell. 2010 Feb 5;140(3):384-96. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.032. Epub 2010 Jan 21. 20096447
  101. Huarte M, Guttman M, Feldser D, Garber M, Koziol MJ, Kenzelmann-Broz D, Khalil AM, Zuk O, Amit I, Rabani M, Attardi LD, Regev A, Lander ES, Jacks T, Rinn JL: A large intergenic noncoding RNA induced by p53 mediates global gene repression in the p53 response. Cell. 2010 Aug 6;142(3):409-19. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.06.040. 20673990
  102. Venerando A, Marin O, Cozza G, Bustos VH, Sarno S, Pinna LA: Isoform specific phosphorylation of p53 by protein kinase CK1. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2010 Apr;67(7):1105-18. doi: 10.1007/s00018-009-0236-7. Epub 2009 Dec 30. 20041275
  103. Lim SO, Kim H, Jung G: p53 inhibits tumor cell invasion via the degradation of snail protein in hepatocellular carcinoma. FEBS Lett. 2010 Jun 3;584(11):2231-6. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.04.006. Epub 2010 Apr 10. 20385133
  104. Lim ST, Miller NL, Nam JO, Chen XL, Lim Y, Schlaepfer DD: Pyk2 inhibition of p53 as an adaptive and intrinsic mechanism facilitating cell proliferation and survival. J Biol Chem. 2010 Jan 15;285(3):1743-53. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.064212. Epub 2009 Oct 30. 19880522
  105. Huang J, Dorsey J, Chuikov S, Perez-Burgos L, Zhang X, Jenuwein T, Reinberg D, Berger SL: G9a and Glp methylate lysine 373 in the tumor suppressor p53. J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 26;285(13):9636-41. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.062588. Epub 2010 Jan 29. 20118233
  106. Chen X, Zhu H, Yuan M, Fu J, Zhou Y, Ma L: G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 phosphorylates p53 and inhibits DNA damage-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem. 2010 Apr 23;285(17):12823-30. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.094243. Epub 2010 Feb 2. 20124405
  107. Drost J, Mantovani F, Tocco F, Elkon R, Comel A, Holstege H, Kerkhoven R, Jonkers J, Voorhoeve PM, Agami R, Del Sal G: BRD7 is a candidate tumour suppressor gene required for p53 function. Nat Cell Biol. 2010 Apr;12(4):380-9. doi: 10.1038/ncb2038. Epub 2010 Mar 14. 20228809
  108. Fu X, Yucer N, Liu S, Li M, Yi P, Mu JJ, Yang T, Chu J, Jung SY, O'Malley BW, Gu W, Qin J, Wang Y: RFWD3-Mdm2 ubiquitin ligase complex positively regulates p53 stability in response to DNA damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Mar 9;107(10):4579-84. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0912094107. Epub 2010 Feb 19. 20173098
  109. Burrows AE, Smogorzewska A, Elledge SJ: Polybromo-associated BRG1-associated factor components BRD7 and BAF180 are critical regulators of p53 required for induction of replicative senescence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Aug 10;107(32):14280-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1009559107. Epub 2010 Jul 26. 20660729
  110. Burkard TR, Planyavsky M, Kaupe I, Breitwieser FP, Burckstummer T, Bennett KL, Superti-Furga G, Colinge J: Initial characterization of the human central proteome. BMC Syst Biol. 2011 Jan 26;5:17. doi: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17. 21269460
  111. Mori T, Ikeda DD, Fukushima T, Takenoshita S, Kochi H: NIRF constitutes a nodal point in the cell cycle network and is a candidate tumor suppressor. Cell Cycle. 2011 Oct 1;10(19):3284-99. doi: 10.4161/cc.10.19.17176. Epub 2011 Oct 1. 21952639
  112. Wu L, Ma CA, Zhao Y, Jain A: Aurora B interacts with NIR-p53, leading to p53 phosphorylation in its DNA-binding domain and subsequent functional suppression. J Biol Chem. 2011 Jan 21;286(3):2236-44. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.174755. Epub 2010 Oct 19. 20959462
  113. Stacey SN, Sulem P, Jonasdottir A, Masson G, Gudmundsson J, Gudbjartsson DF, Magnusson OT, Gudjonsson SA, Sigurgeirsson B, Thorisdottir K, Ragnarsson R, Benediktsdottir KR, Nexo BA, Tjonneland A, Overvad K, Rudnai P, Gurzau E, Koppova K, Hemminki K, Corredera C, Fuentelsaz V, Grasa P, Navarrete S, Fuertes F, Garcia-Prats MD, Sanambrosio E, Panadero A, De Juan A, Garcia A, Rivera F, Planelles D, Soriano V, Requena C, Aben KK, van Rossum MM, Cremers RG, van Oort IM, van Spronsen DJ, Schalken JA, Peters WH, Helfand BT, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Badescu D, Codreanu O, Jinga M, Csiki IE, Constantinescu V, Badea P, Mates IN, Dinu DE, Constantin A, Mates D, Kristjansdottir S, Agnarsson BA, Jonsson E, Barkardottir RB, Einarsson GV, Sigurdsson F, Moller PH, Stefansson T, Valdimarsson T, Johannsson OT, Sigurdsson H, Jonsson T, Jonasson JG, Tryggvadottir L, Rice T, Hansen HM, Xiao Y, Lachance DH, O Neill BP, Kosel ML, Decker PA, Thorleifsson G, Johannsdottir H, Helgadottir HT, Sigurdsson A, Steinthorsdottir V, Lindblom A, Sandler RS, Keku TO, Banasik K, Jorgensen T, Witte DR, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Jinga V, Neal DE, Catalona WJ, Wrensch M, Wiencke J, Jenkins RB, Nagore E, Vogel U, Kiemeney LA, Kumar R, Mayordomo JI, Olafsson JH, Kong A, Thorsteinsdottir U, Rafnar T, Stefansson K: A germline variant in the TP53 polyadenylation signal confers cancer susceptibility. Nat Genet. 2011 Sep 25;43(11):1098-103. doi: 10.1038/ng.926. 21946351
  114. Hou X, Liu JE, Liu W, Liu CY, Liu ZY, Sun ZY: A new role of NUAK1: directly phosphorylating p53 and regulating cell proliferation. Oncogene. 2011 Jun 30;30(26):2933-42. doi: 10.1038/onc.2011.19. Epub 2011 Feb 14. 21317932
  115. Vaseva AV, Marchenko ND, Ji K, Tsirka SE, Holzmann S, Moll UM: p53 opens the mitochondrial permeability transition pore to trigger necrosis. Cell. 2012 Jun 22;149(7):1536-48. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.05.014. 22726440
  116. Bennett RL, Pan Y, Christian J, Hui T, May WS Jr: The RAX/PACT-PKR stress response pathway promotes p53 sumoylation and activation, leading to G(1) arrest. Cell Cycle. 2012 Jan 15;11(2):407-17. doi: 10.4161/cc.11.2.18999. Epub 2012 Jan 15. 22214662
  117. Iijima K, Yamada H, Miharu M, Imadome K, Miyagawa Y, Akimoto S, Kobayashi K, Okita H, Nakazawa A, Fujiwara S, Fujimoto J, Kiyokawa N: ZNF385B is characteristically expressed in germinal center B cells and involved in B-cell apoptosis. Eur J Immunol. 2012 Dec;42(12):3405-15. doi: 10.1002/eji.201242530. Epub 2012 Oct 16. 22945289
  118. Cui G, Park S, Badeaux AI, Kim D, Lee J, Thompson JR, Yan F, Kaneko S, Yuan Z, Botuyan MV, Bedford MT, Cheng JQ, Mer G: PHF20 is an effector protein of p53 double lysine methylation that stabilizes and activates p53. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2012 Sep;19(9):916-24. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2353. Epub 2012 Aug 5. 22864287
  119. Miki T, Matsumoto T, Zhao Z, Lee CC: p53 regulates Period2 expression and the circadian clock. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2444. doi: 10.1038/ncomms3444. 24051492
  120. Rokudai S, Laptenko O, Arnal SM, Taya Y, Kitabayashi I, Prives C: MOZ increases p53 acetylation and premature senescence through its complex formation with PML. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Mar 5;110(10):3895-900. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1300490110. Epub 2013 Feb 19. 23431171
  121. Wimmer P, Berscheminski J, Blanchette P, Groitl P, Branton PE, Hay RT, Dobner T, Schreiner S: PML isoforms IV and V contribute to adenovirus-mediated oncogenic transformation by functionally inhibiting the tumor-suppressor p53. Oncogene. 2016 Jan 7;35(1):69-82. doi: 10.1038/onc.2015.63. Epub 2015 Mar 16. 25772236
  122. Clore GM, Omichinski JG, Sakaguchi K, Zambrano N, Sakamoto H, Appella E, Gronenborn AM: High-resolution structure of the oligomerization domain of p53 by multidimensional NMR. Science. 1994 Jul 15;265(5170):386-91. 8023159
  123. Lee W, Harvey TS, Yin Y, Yau P, Litchfield D, Arrowsmith CH: Solution structure of the tetrameric minimum transforming domain of p53. Nat Struct Biol. 1994 Dec;1(12):877-90. 7773777
  124. McCoy M, Stavridi ES, Waterman JL, Wieczorek AM, Opella SJ, Halazonetis TD: Hydrophobic side-chain size is a determinant of the three-dimensional structure of the p53 oligomerization domain. EMBO J. 1997 Oct 15;16(20):6230-6. 9321402
  125. Cho Y, Gorina S, Jeffrey PD, Pavletich NP: Crystal structure of a p53 tumor suppressor-DNA complex: understanding tumorigenic mutations. Science. 1994 Jul 15;265(5170):346-55. 8023157
  126. Jeffrey PD, Gorina S, Pavletich NP: Crystal structure of the tetramerization domain of the p53 tumor suppressor at 1.7 angstroms. Science. 1995 Mar 10;267(5203):1498-502. 7878469
  127. Kussie PH, Gorina S, Marechal V, Elenbaas B, Moreau J, Levine AJ, Pavletich NP: Structure of the MDM2 oncoprotein bound to the p53 tumor suppressor transactivation domain. Science. 1996 Nov 8;274(5289):948-53. 8875929
  128. Gorina S, Pavletich NP: Structure of the p53 tumor suppressor bound to the ankyrin and SH3 domains of 53BP2. Science. 1996 Nov 8;274(5289):1001-5. 8875926
  129. Joerger AC, Allen MD, Fersht AR: Crystal structure of a superstable mutant of human p53 core domain. Insights into the mechanism of rescuing oncogenic mutations. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jan 9;279(2):1291-6. Epub 2003 Oct 8. 14534297
  130. Kitayner M, Rozenberg H, Kessler N, Rabinovich D, Shaulov L, Haran TE, Shakked Z: Structural basis of DNA recognition by p53 tetramers. Mol Cell. 2006 Jun 23;22(6):741-53. 16793544
  131. Sheng Y, Saridakis V, Sarkari F, Duan S, Wu T, Arrowsmith CH, Frappier L: Molecular recognition of p53 and MDM2 by USP7/HAUSP. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2006 Mar;13(3):285-91. Epub 2006 Feb 12. 16474402
  132. Hu M, Gu L, Li M, Jeffrey PD, Gu W, Shi Y: Structural basis of competitive recognition of p53 and MDM2 by HAUSP/USP7: implications for the regulation of the p53-MDM2 pathway. PLoS Biol. 2006 Feb;4(2):e27. Epub 2006 Jan 17. 16402859
  133. West LE, Roy S, Lachmi-Weiner K, Hayashi R, Shi X, Appella E, Kutateladze TG, Gozani O: The MBT repeats of L3MBTL1 link SET8-mediated p53 methylation at lysine 382 to target gene repression. J Biol Chem. 2010 Nov 26;285(48):37725-32. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.139527. Epub 2010 Sep 24. 20870725
  134. Harris CC: p53: at the crossroads of molecular carcinogenesis and risk assessment. Science. 1993 Dec 24;262(5142):1980-1. 8266092
  135. Hollstein M, Sidransky D, Vogelstein B, Harris CC: p53 mutations in human cancers. Science. 1991 Jul 5;253(5015):49-53. 1905840
  136. De Vries EM, Ricke DO, De Vries TN, Hartmann A, Blaszyk H, Liao D, Soussi T, Kovach JS, Sommer SS: Database of mutations in the p53 and APC tumor suppressor genes designed to facilitate molecular epidemiological analyses. Hum Mutat. 1996;7(3):202-13. 8829653
  137. Joerger AC, Ang HC, Fersht AR: Structural basis for understanding oncogenic p53 mutations and designing rescue drugs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Oct 10;103(41):15056-61. Epub 2006 Oct 2. 17015838
  138. Tu C, Tan YH, Shaw G, Zhou Z, Bai Y, Luo R, Ji X: Impact of low-frequency hotspot mutation R282Q on the structure of p53 DNA-binding domain as revealed by crystallography at 1.54 angstroms resolution. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2008 May;64(Pt 5):471-7. doi: 10.1107/S0907444908003338. Epub 2008 Apr 19. 18453682
  139. Boeckler FM, Joerger AC, Jaggi G, Rutherford TJ, Veprintsev DB, Fersht AR: Targeted rescue of a destabilized mutant of p53 by an in silico screened drug. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Jul 29;105(30):10360-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0805326105. Epub 2008 Jul 23. 18650397
  140. Suad O, Rozenberg H, Brosh R, Diskin-Posner Y, Kessler N, Shimon LJ, Frolow F, Liran A, Rotter V, Shakked Z: Structural basis of restoring sequence-specific DNA binding and transactivation to mutant p53 by suppressor mutations. J Mol Biol. 2009 Jan 9;385(1):249-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.10.063. Epub 2008 Oct 30. 18996393
  141. Khoo KH, Joerger AC, Freund SM, Fersht AR: Stabilising the DNA-binding domain of p53 by rational design of its hydrophobic core. Protein Eng Des Sel. 2009 Jul;22(7):421-30. doi: 10.1093/protein/gzp018. Epub 2009 Jun 10. 19515728
  142. Basse N, Kaar JL, Settanni G, Joerger AC, Rutherford TJ, Fersht AR: Toward the rational design of p53-stabilizing drugs: probing the surface of the oncogenic Y220C mutant. Chem Biol. 2010 Jan 29;17(1):46-56. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2009.12.011. 20142040
  143. Kitayner M, Rozenberg H, Rohs R, Suad O, Rabinovich D, Honig B, Shakked Z: Diversity in DNA recognition by p53 revealed by crystal structures with Hoogsteen base pairs. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2010 Apr;17(4):423-9. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.1800. Epub 2010 Apr 4. 20364130
  144. Olschwang S, Laurent-Puig P, Vassal A, Salmon RJ, Thomas G: Characterization of a frequent polymorphism in the coding sequence of the Tp53 gene in colonic cancer patients and a control population. Hum Genet. 1991 Feb;86(4):369-70. 1999338
  145. Law JC, Strong LC, Chidambaram A, Ferrell RE: A germ line mutation in exon 5 of the p53 gene in an extended cancer family. Cancer Res. 1991 Dec 1;51(23 Pt 1):6385-7. 1933902
  146. Malkin D, Li FP, Strong LC, Fraumeni JF Jr, Nelson CE, Kim DH, Kassel J, Gryka MA, Bischoff FZ, Tainsky MA, et al.: Germ line p53 mutations in a familial syndrome of breast cancer, sarcomas, and other neoplasms. Science. 1990 Nov 30;250(4985):1233-8. 1978757
  147. Srivastava S, Zou ZQ, Pirollo K, Blattner W, Chang EH: Germ-line transmission of a mutated p53 gene in a cancer-prone family with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Nature. 1990 Dec 20-27;348(6303):747-9. 2259385
  148. Felix CA, Nau MM, Takahashi T, Mitsudomi T, Chiba I, Poplack DG, Reaman GH, Cole DE, Letterio JJ, Whang-Peng J, et al.: Hereditary and acquired p53 gene mutations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Invest. 1992 Feb;89(2):640-7. 1737852
  149. Malkin D, Jolly KW, Barbier N, Look AT, Friend SH, Gebhardt MC, Andersen TI, Borresen AL, Li FP, Garber J, et al.: Germline mutations of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene in children and young adults with second malignant neoplasms. N Engl J Med. 1992 May 14;326(20):1309-15. 1565144
  150. Bartek J, Iggo R, Gannon J, Lane DP: Genetic and immunochemical analysis of mutant p53 in human breast cancer cell lines. Oncogene. 1990 Jun;5(6):893-9. 1694291
  151. Rodrigues NR, Rowan A, Smith ME, Kerr IB, Bodmer WF, Gannon JV, Lane DP: p53 mutations in colorectal cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Oct;87(19):7555-9. 1699228
  152. Hollstein MC, Metcalf RA, Welsh JA, Montesano R, Harris CC: Frequent mutation of the p53 gene in human esophageal cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Dec;87(24):9958-61. 2263646
  153. Ishioka C, Sato T, Gamoh M, Suzuki T, Shibata H, Kanamaru R, Wakui A, Yamazaki T: Mutations of the P53 gene, including an intronic point mutation, in colorectal tumors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Jun 28;177(3):901-6. 1647768
  154. Casson AG, Mukhopadhyay T, Cleary KR, Ro JY, Levin B, Roth JA: p53 gene mutations in Barrett's epithelium and esophageal cancer. Cancer Res. 1991 Aug 15;51(16):4495-9. 1868473
  155. Hsu IC, Metcalf RA, Sun T, Welsh JA, Wang NJ, Harris CC: Mutational hotspot in the p53 gene in human hepatocellular carcinomas. Nature. 1991 Apr 4;350(6317):427-8. 1849234
  156. Bressac B, Kew M, Wands J, Ozturk M: Selective G to T mutations of p53 gene in hepatocellular carcinoma from southern Africa. Nature. 1991 Apr 4;350(6317):429-31. 1672732
  157. Somers KD, Merrick MA, Lopez ME, Incognito LS, Schechter GL, Casey G: Frequent p53 mutations in head and neck cancer. Cancer Res. 1992 Nov 1;52(21):5997-6000. 1394225
  158. Crook T, Vousden KH: Properties of p53 mutations detected in primary and secondary cervical cancers suggest mechanisms of metastasis and involvement of environmental carcinogens. EMBO J. 1992 Nov;11(11):3935-40. 1327751
  159. Sakai E, Rikimaru K, Ueda M, Matsumoto Y, Ishii N, Enomoto S, Yamamoto H, Tsuchida N: The p53 tumor-suppressor gene and ras oncogene mutations in oral squamous-cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 1992 Dec 2;52(6):867-72. 1459726
  160. Bhatia K, Gutierrez MI, Magrath IT: A novel mutation in the p53 gene in a Burkitt's lymphoma cell line. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 Jun;1(3):207-8. 1303181
  161. Duthu A, Debuire B, Romano J, Ehrhart JC, Fiscella M, May E, Appella E, May P: p53 mutations in Raji cells: characterization and localization relative to other Burkitt's lymphomas. Oncogene. 1992 Nov;7(11):2161-7. 1437144
  162. Sun Y, Hegamyer G, Cheng YJ, Hildesheim A, Chen JY, Chen IH, Cao Y, Yao KT, Colburn NH: An infrequent point mutation of the p53 gene in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jul 15;89(14):6516-20. 1631151
  163. Caamano J, Zhang SY, Rosvold EA, Bauer B, Klein-Szanto AJ: p53 alterations in human squamous cell carcinomas and carcinoma cell lines. Am J Pathol. 1993 Apr;142(4):1131-9. 7682763
  164. Boyle JO, Hakim J, Koch W, van der Riet P, Hruban RH, Roa RA, Correo R, Eby YJ, Ruppert JM, Sidransky D: The incidence of p53 mutations increases with progression of head and neck cancer. Cancer Res. 1993 Oct 1;53(19):4477-80. 8402617
  165. Hamelin R, Jego N, Laurent-Puig P, Vidaud M, Thomas G: Efficient screening of p53 mutations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis in colorectal tumors. Oncogene. 1993 Aug;8(8):2213-20. 8336944
  166. Birch JM, Hartley AL, Tricker KJ, Prosser J, Condie A, Kelsey AM, Harris M, Jones PH, Binchy A, Crowther D, et al.: Prevalence and diversity of constitutional mutations in the p53 gene among 21 Li-Fraumeni families. Cancer Res. 1994 Mar 1;54(5):1298-304. 8118819
  167. Zhang W, Guo XY, Hu GY, Liu WB, Shay JW, Deisseroth AB: A temperature-sensitive mutant of human p53. EMBO J. 1994 Jun 1;13(11):2535-44. 8013454
  168. Frebourg T, Barbier N, Yan YX, Garber JE, Dreyfus M, Fraumeni J Jr, Li FP, Friend SH: Germ-line p53 mutations in 15 families with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Mar;56(3):608-15. 7887414
  169. Eeles RA: Germline mutations in the TP53 gene. Cancer Surv. 1995;25:101-24. 8718514
  170. Varley JM, McGown G, Thorncroft M, Tricker KJ, Teare MD, Santibanez-Koref MF, Martin J, Birch JM, Evans DG: An extended Li-Fraumeni kindred with gastric carcinoma and a codon 175 mutation in TP53. J Med Genet. 1995 Dec;32(12):942-5. 8825920
  171. Audrezet MP, Robaszkiewicz M, Mercier B, Nousbaum JB, Hardy E, Bail JP, Volant A, Lozac'h P, Gouerou H, Ferec C: Molecular analysis of the TP53 gene in Barrett's adenocarcinoma. Hum Mutat. 1996;7(2):109-13. 8829627
  172. Guldberg P, Nedergaard T, Nielsen HJ, Olsen AC, Ahrenkiel V, Zeuthen J: Single-step DGGE-based mutation scanning of the p53 gene: application to genetic diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Hum Mutat. 1997;9(4):348-55. 9101296
  173. Miyaki M, Nishio J, Konishi M, Kikuchi-Yanoshita R, Tanaka K, Muraoka M, Nagato M, Chong JM, Koike M, Terada T, Kawahara Y, Fukutome A, Tomiyama J, Chuganji Y, Momoi M, Utsunomiya J: Drastic genetic instability of tumors and normal tissues in Turcot syndrome. Oncogene. 1997 Dec 4;15(23):2877-81. 9419979
  174. van Rensburg EJ, Engelbrecht S, van Heerden WF, Kotze MJ, Raubenheimer EJ: Detection of p53 gene mutations in oral squamous cell carcinomas of a black African population sample. Hum Mutat. 1998;11(1):39-44. 9450901
  175. Luca JW, Strong LC, Hansen MF: A germline missense mutation R337C in exon 10 of the human p53 gene. Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S58-61. 9452042
  176. Guran S, Tunca Y, Imirzalioglu N: Hereditary TP53 codon 292 and somatic P16INK4A codon 94 mutations in a Li-Fraumeni syndrome family. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1999 Sep;113(2):145-51. 10484981
  177. Hainaut P, Hollstein M: p53 and human cancer: the first ten thousand mutations. Adv Cancer Res. 2000;77:81-137. 10549356
  178. Ribeiro RC, Sandrini F, Figueiredo B, Zambetti GP, Michalkiewicz E, Lafferty AR, DeLacerda L, Rabin M, Cadwell C, Sampaio G, Cat I, Stratakis CA, Sandrini R: An inherited p53 mutation that contributes in a tissue-specific manner to pediatric adrenal cortical carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jul 31;98(16):9330-5. 11481490
  179. Rutherford J, Chu CE, Duddy PM, Charlton RS, Chumas P, Taylor GR, Lu X, Barnes DM, Camplejohn RS: Investigations on a clinically and functionally unusual and novel germline p53 mutation. Br J Cancer. 2002 May 20;86(10):1592-6. 12085209
  180. Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. 16959974
  181. Chanock SJ, Burdett L, Yeager M, Llaca V, Langerod A, Presswalla S, Kaaresen R, Strausberg RL, Gerhard DS, Kristensen V, Perou CM, Borresen-Dale AL: Somatic sequence alterations in twenty-one genes selected by expression profile analysis of breast carcinomas. Breast Cancer Res. 2007;9(1):R5. 17224074
  182. Petitjean A, Mathe E, Kato S, Ishioka C, Tavtigian SV, Hainaut P, Olivier M: Impact of mutant p53 functional properties on TP53 mutation patterns and tumor phenotype: lessons from recent developments in the IARC TP53 database. Hum Mutat. 2007 Jun;28(6):622-9. 17311302
  183. Qin B, Minter-Dykhouse K, Yu J, Zhang J, Liu T, Zhang H, Lee S, Kim J, Wang L, Lou Z: DBC1 functions as a tumor suppressor by regulating p53 stability. Cell Rep. 2015 Mar 3;10(8):1324-34. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.066. Epub 2015 Feb 26. 25732823