NameRetinoic acid receptor beta
Synonyms
  • HAP
  • HBV-activated protein
  • NR1B2
  • Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group B member 2
  • RAR-beta
  • RAR-epsilon
Gene NameRARB
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0000411|Retinoic acid receptor beta
MTTSGHACPVPAVNGHMTHYPATPYPLLFPPVIGGLSLPPLHGLHGHPPPSGCSTPSPAT
IETQSTSSEELVPSPPSPLPPPRVYKPCFVCQDKSSGYHYGVSACEGCKGFFRRSIQKNM
IYTCHRDKNCVINKVTRNRCQYCRLQKCFEVGMSKESVRNDRNKKKKETSKQECTESYEM
TAELDDLTEKIRKAHQETFPSLCQLGKYTTNSSADHRVRLDLGLWDKFSELATKCIIKIV
EFAKRLPGFTGLTIADQITLLKAACLDILILRICTRYTPEQDTMTFSDGLTLNRTQMHNA
GFGPLTDLVFTFANQLLPLEMDDTETGLLSAICLICGDRQDLEEPTKVDKLQEPLLEALK
IYIRKRRPSKPHMFPKILMKITDLRSISAKGAERVITLKMEIPGSMPPLIQEMLENSEGH
EPLTPSSSGNTAEHSPSISPSSVENSGVSQSPLVQ
Number of residues455
Molecular Weight50488.63
Theoretical pI7.86
GO Classification
Functions
  • drug binding
  • zinc ion binding
  • steroid hormone receptor activity
  • DNA binding
  • retinoic acid receptor activity
  • sequence-specific DNA binding
Processes
  • transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter
  • embryonic digestive tract development
  • positive regulation of neuron differentiation
  • regulation of myelination
  • signal transduction
  • gene expression
Components
  • nucleoplasm
  • cytoplasm
  • nucleus
General FunctionZinc ion binding
Specific FunctionReceptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RXR/RAR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. In the absence or presence of hormone ligand, acts mainly as an activator of gene expression due to weak binding to corepressors. In concert with RARG, required for skeletal growth, matrix homeostasis and growth plate function.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane RegionsNot Available
GenBank Protein ID35883
UniProtKB IDP10826
UniProtKB Entry NameRARB_HUMAN
Cellular LocationNucleus
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0010005|Retinoic acid receptor beta (RARB)
ATGTTTGACTGTATGGATGTTCTGTCAGTGAGTCCTGGGCAAATCCTGGATTTCTACACT
GCGAGTCCGTCTTCCTGCATGCTCCAGGAGAAAGCTCTCAAAGCATGCTTCAGTGGATTG
ACCCAAACCGAATGGCAGCATCGGCACACTGCTCAATCAATTGAAACACAGAGCACCAGC
TCTGAGGAACTCGTCCCAAGCCCCCCATCTCCACTTCCTCCCCCTCGAGTGTACAAACCC
TGCTTCGTCTGCCAGGACAAATCATCAGGGTACCACTATGGGGTCAGCGCCTGTGAGGGA
TGTAAGGGCTTTTTCCGCAGAAGTATTCAGAAGAATATGATTTACACTTGTCACCGAGAT
AAGAACTGTGTTATTAATAAAGTCACCAGGAATCGATGCCAATACTGTCGACTCCAGAAG
TGCTTTGAAGTGGGAATGTCCAAAGAATCTGTCAGGAATGACAGGAACAAGAAAAAGAAG
GAGACTTCGAAGCAAGAATGCACAGAGAGCTATGAAATGACAGCTGAGTTGGACGATCTC
ACAGAGAAGATCCGAAAAGCTCACCAGGAAACTTTCCCTTCACTCTGCCAGCTGGGTAAA
TACACCACGAATTCCAGTGCTGACCATCGAGTCCGACTGGACCTGGGCCTCTGGGACAAA
TTCAGTGAACTGGCCACCAAGTGCATTATTAAGATCGTGGAGTTTGCTAAACGTCTGCCT
GGTTTCACTGGCTTGACCATCGCAGACCAAATTACCCTGCTGAAGGCCGCCTGCCTGGAC
ATCCTGATTCTTAGAATTTGCACCAGGTATACCCCAGAACAAGACACCATGACTTTCTCA
GACGGCCTTACCCTAAATCGAACTCAGATGCACAATGCTGGATTTGGTCCTCTGACTGAC
CTTGTGTTCACCTTTGCCAACCAGCTCCTGCCTTTGGAAATGGATGACACAGAAACAGGC
CTTCTCAGTGCCATCTGCTTAATCTGTGGAGACCGCCAGGACCTTGAGGAACCGACAAAA
GTAGATAAGCTACAAGAACCATTGCTGGAAGCACTAAAAATTTATATCAGAAAAAGACGA
CCCAGCAAGCCTCACATGTTTCCAAAGATCTTAATGAAAATCACAGATCTCCGTAGCATC
AGTGCTAAAGGTGCAGAGCGTGTAATTACCTTGAAAATGGAAATTCCTGGATCAATGCCA
CCTCTCATTCAAGAAATGCTGGAGAATTCTGAAGGACATGAACCCTTGACCCCAAGTTCA
AGTGGGAACACAGCAGAGCACAGTCCTAGCATCTCACCCAGCTCAGTGGAAAACAGTGGG
GTCAGTCAGTCACCACTCGTGCAATAA
GenBank Gene IDX07282
GeneCard IDNot Available
GenAtlas IDRARB
HGNC IDHGNC:9865
Chromosome Location3
Locus3p24
References
  1. Benbrook D, Lernhardt E, Pfahl M: A new retinoic acid receptor identified from a hepatocellular carcinoma. Nature. 1988 Jun 16;333(6174):669-72. 2836738
  2. de The H, Marchio A, Tiollais P, Dejean A: A novel steroid thyroid hormone receptor-related gene inappropriately expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Nature. 1987 Dec 17-23;330(6149):667-70. 2825037
  3. Sommer KM, Chen LI, Treuting PM, Smith LT, Swisshelm K: Elevated retinoic acid receptor beta(4) protein in human breast tumor cells with nuclear and cytoplasmic localization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jul 20;96(15):8651-6. 10411930
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. 15489334
  5. Shen S, Kruyt FA, den Hertog J, van der Saag PT, Kruijer W: Mouse and human retinoic acid receptor beta 2 promoters: sequence comparison and localization of retinoic acid responsiveness. DNA Seq. 1991;2(2):111-9. 1663808
  6. Houle B, Pelletier M, Wu J, Goodyer C, Bradley WE: Fetal isoform of human retinoic acid receptor beta expressed in small cell lung cancer lines. Cancer Res. 1994 Jan 15;54(2):365-9. 8275470
  7. Dejean A, Bougueleret L, Grzeschik KH, Tiollais P: Hepatitis B virus DNA integration in a sequence homologous to v-erb-A and steroid receptor genes in a hepatocellular carcinoma. Nature. 1986 Jul 3-9;322(6074):70-2. 3014347
  8. Dejean A, de The H: Hepatitis B virus as an insertional mutagene in a human hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Biol Med. 1990 Jun;7(3):213-22. 2170809
  9. Brand N, Petkovich M, Krust A, Chambon P, de The H, Marchio A, Tiollais P, Dejean A: Identification of a second human retinoic acid receptor. Nature. 1988 Apr 28;332(6167):850-3. 2833708
  10. Hauksdottir H, Farboud B, Privalsky ML: Retinoic acid receptors beta and gamma do not repress, but instead activate target gene transcription in both the absence and presence of hormone ligand. Mol Endocrinol. 2003 Mar;17(3):373-85. Epub 2002 Dec 23. 12554770
  11. Bian Y, Song C, Cheng K, Dong M, Wang F, Huang J, Sun D, Wang L, Ye M, Zou H: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. J Proteomics. 2014 Jan 16;96:253-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014. Epub 2013 Nov 22. 24275569
  12. Katahira M, Knegtel RM, Boelens R, Eib D, Schilthuis JG, van der Saag PT, Kaptein R: Homo- and heteronuclear NMR studies of the human retinoic acid receptor beta DNA-binding domain: sequential assignments and identification of secondary structure elements. Biochemistry. 1992 Jul 21;31(28):6474-80. 1321662
  13. Knegtel RM, Katahira M, Schilthuis JG, Bonvin AM, Boelens R, Eib D, van der Saag PT, Kaptein R: The solution structure of the human retinoic acid receptor-beta DNA-binding domain. J Biomol NMR. 1993 Jan;3(1):1-17. 8383553
  14. Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. 16959974
  15. Srour M, Chitayat D, Caron V, Chassaing N, Bitoun P, Patry L, Cordier MP, Capo-Chichi JM, Francannet C, Calvas P, Ragge N, Dobrzeniecka S, Hamdan FF, Rouleau GA, Tremblay A, Michaud JL: Recessive and dominant mutations in retinoic acid receptor beta in cases with microphthalmia and diaphragmatic hernia. Am J Hum Genet. 2013 Oct 3;93(4):765-72. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.08.014. Epub 2013 Sep 26. 24075189