NameReceptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3
Synonyms
  • 2.7.10.1
  • CD135
  • Fetal liver kinase-2
  • FL cytokine receptor
  • FLK-2
  • FLK2
  • FLT-3
  • Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3
  • Stem cell tyrosine kinase 1
  • STK-1
  • STK1
Gene NameFLT3
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0036960|Receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3
MPALARDGGQLPLLVVFSAMIFGTITNQDLPVIKCVLINHKNNDSSVGKSSSYPMVSESP
EDLGCALRPQSSGTVYEAAAVEVDVSASITLQVLVDAPGNISCLWVFKHSSLNCQPHFDL
QNRGVVSMVILKMTETQAGEYLLFIQSEATNYTILFTVSIRNTLLYTLRRPYFRKMENQD
ALVCISESVPEPIVEWVLCDSQGESCKEESPAVVKKEEKVLHELFGTDIRCCARNELGRE
CTRLFTIDLNQTPQTTLPQLFLKVGEPLWIRCKAVHVNHGFGLTWELENKALEEGNYFEM
STYSTNRTMIRILFAFVSSVARNDTGYYTCSSSKHPSQSALVTIVEKGFINATNSSEDYE
IDQYEEFCFSVRFKAYPQIRCTWTFSRKSFPCEQKGLDNGYSISKFCNHKHQPGEYIFHA
ENDDAQFTKMFTLNIRRKPQVLAEASASQASCFSDGYPLPSWTWKKCSDKSPNCTEEITE
GVWNRKANRKVFGQWVSSSTLNMSEAIKGFLVKCCAYNSLGTSCETILLNSPGPFPFIQD
NISFYATIGVCLLFIVVLTLLICHKYKKQFRYESQLQMVQVTGSSDNEYFYVDFREYEYD
LKWEFPRENLEFGKVLGSGAFGKVMNATAYGISKTGVSIQVAVKMLKEKADSSEREALMS
ELKMMTQLGSHENIVNLLGACTLSGPIYLIFEYCCYGDLLNYLRSKREKFHRTWTEIFKE
HNFSFYPTFQSHPNSSMPGSREVQIHPDSDQISGLHGNSFHSEDEIEYENQKRLEEEEDL
NVLTFEDLLCFAYQVAKGMEFLEFKSCVHRDLAARNVLVTHGKVVKICDFGLARDIMSDS
NYVVRGNARLPVKWMAPESLFEGIYTIKSDVWSYGILLWEIFSLGVNPYPGIPVDANFYK
LIQNGFKMDQPFYATEEIYIIMQSCWAFDSRKRPSFPNLTSFLGCQLADAEEAMYQNVDG
RVSECPHTYQNRRPFSREMDLGLLSPQAQVEDS
Number of residues993
Molecular Weight112902.51
Theoretical pI5.5
GO Classification
Functions
  • ATP binding
  • transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity
  • vascular endothelial growth factor-activated receptor activity
  • cytokine receptor activity
  • protein homodimerization activity
Processes
  • myeloid progenitor cell differentiation
  • positive regulation of cell proliferation
  • pro-B cell differentiation
  • positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling
  • positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
  • lymphocyte proliferation
  • pro-T cell differentiation
  • cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
  • leukocyte homeostasis
  • positive regulation of MAP kinase activity
  • negative regulation of B cell differentiation
  • positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
  • protein autophosphorylation
  • positive regulation of MAPK cascade
  • transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway
  • vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway
  • regulation of apoptotic process
  • B cell differentiation
  • peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
  • cellular response to cytokine stimulus
  • common myeloid progenitor cell proliferation
  • hemopoiesis
  • dendritic cell differentiation
  • negative regulation of cell proliferation
Components
  • external side of plasma membrane
  • integral component of plasma membrane
  • endoplasmic reticulum lumen
General FunctionVascular endothelial growth factor-activated receptor activity
Specific FunctionTyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for the cytokine FLT3LG and regulates differentiation, proliferation and survival of hematopoietic progenitor cells and of dendritic cells. Promotes phosphorylation of SHC1 and AKT1, and activation of the downstream effector MTOR. Promotes activation of RAS signaling and phosphorylation of downstream kinases, including MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1. Promotes phosphorylation of FES, FER, PTPN6/SHP, PTPN11/SHP-2, PLCG1, and STAT5A and/or STAT5B. Activation of wild-type FLT3 causes only marginal activation of STAT5A or STAT5B. Mutations that cause constitutive kinase activity promote cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis via the activation of multiple signaling pathways.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions544-563
GenBank Protein ID409573
UniProtKB IDP36888
UniProtKB Entry NameFLT3_HUMAN
Cellular LocationMembrane
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0018920|Receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 (FLT3)
ATGCCGGCGTTGGCGCGCGACGGCGGCCAGCTGCCGCTGCTCGTTGTTTTTTCTGCAATG
ATATTTGGGACTATTACAAATCAAGATCTGCCTGTGATCAAGTGTGTTTTAATCAATCAT
AAGAACAATGATTCATCAGTGGGGAAGTCATCATCATATCCCATGGTATCAGAATCCCCG
GAAGACCTCGGGTGTGCGTTGAGACCCCAGAGCTCAGGGACAGTGTACGAAGCTGCCGCT
GTGGAAGTGGATGTATCTGCTTCCATCACACTGCAAGTGCTGGTCGACGCCCCAGGGAAC
ATTTCCTGTCTCTGGGTCTTTAAGCACAGCTCCCTGAATTGCCAGCCACATTTTGATTTA
CAAAACAGAGGAGTTGTTTCCATGGTCATTTTGAAAATGACAGAAACCCAAGCTGGAGAA
TACCTACTTTTTATTCAGAGTGAAGCTACCAATTACACAATATTGTTTACAGTGAGTATA
AGAAATACCCTGCTTTACACATTAAGAAGACCTTACTTTAGAAAAATGGAAAACCAGGAC
GCCCTGGTCTGCATATCTGAGAGCGTTCCAGAGCCGATCGTGGAATGGGTGCTTTGCGAT
TCACAGGGGGAAAGCTGTAAAGAAGAAAGTCCAGCTGTTGTTAAAAAGGAGGAAAAAGTG
CTTCATGAATTATTTGGGACGGACATAAGGTGCTGTGCCAGAAATGAACTGGGCAGGGAA
TGCACCAGGCTGTTCACAATAGATCTAAATCAAACTCCTCAGACCACATTGCCACAATTA
TTTCTTAAAGTAGGGGAACCCTTATGGATAAGGTGCAAAGCTGTTCATGTGAACCATGGA
TTCGGGCTCACCTGGGAATTAGAAAACAAAGCACTCGAGGAGGGCAACTACTTTGAGATG
AGTACCTATTCAACAAACAGAACTATGATACGGATTCTGTTTGCTTTTGTATCATCAGTG
GCAAGAAACGACACCGGATACTACACTTGTTCCTCTTCAAAGCATCCCAGTCAATCAGCT
TTGGTTACCATCGTAGAAAAGGGATTTATAAATGCTACCAATTCAAGTGAAGATTATGAA
ATTGACCAATATGAAGAGTTTTGTTTTTCTGTCAGGTTTAAAGCCTACCCACAAATCAGA
TGTACGTGGACCTTCTCTCGAAAATCATTTCCTTGTGAGCAAAAGGGTCTTGATAACGGA
TACAGCATATCCAAGTTTTGCAATCATAAGCACCAGCCAGGAGAATATATATTCCATGCA
GAAAATGATGATGCCCAATTTACCAAAATGTTCACGCTGAATATAAGAAGGAAACCTCAA
GTGCTCGCAGAAGCATCGGCAAGTCAGGCGTCCTGTTTCTCGGATGGATACCCATTACCA
TCTTGGACCTGGAAGAAGTGTTCAGACAAGTCTCCCAACTGCACAGAAGAGATCACAGAA
GGAGTCTGGAATAGAAAGGCTAACAGAAAAGTGTTTGGACAGTGGGTGTCGAGCAGTACT
CTAAACATGAGTGAAGCCATAAAAGGGTTCCTGGTCAAGTGCTGTGCATACAATTCCCTT
GGCACATCTTGTGAGACGATCCTTTTAAACTCTCCAGGCCCCTTCCCTTTCATCCAAGAC
AACATCTCATTCTATGCAACAATTGGTGTTTGTCTCCTCTTCATTGTCGTTTTAACCCTG
CTAATTTGTCACAAGTACAAAAAGCAATTTAGGTATGAAAGCCAGCTACAGATGGTACAG
GTGACCGGCTCCTCAGATAATGAGTACTTCTACGTTGATTTCAGAGAATATGAATATGAT
CTCAAATGGGAGTTTCCAAGAGAAAATTTAGAGTTTGGGAAGGTACTAGGATCAGGTGCT
TTTGGAAAAGTGATGAACGCAACAGCTTATGGAATTAGCAAAACAGGAGTCTCAATCCAG
GTTGCCGTCAAAATGCTGAAAGAAAAAGCAGACAGCTCTGAAAGAGAGGCACTCATGTCA
GAACTCAAGATGATGACCCAGCTGGGAAGCCACGAGAATATTGTGAACCTGCTGGGGGCG
TGCACACTGTCAGGACCAATTTACTTGATTTTTGAATACTGTTGCTATGGTGATCTTCTC
AACTATCTAAGAAGTAAAAGAGAAAAATTTCACAGGACTTGGACAGAGATTTTCAAGGAA
CACAATTTCAGTTTTTACCCCACTTTCCAATCACATCCAAATTCCAGCATGCCTGGTTCA
AGAGAAGTTCAGATACACCCGGACTCGGATCAAATCTCAGGGCTTCATGGGAATTCATTT
CACTCTGAAGATGAAATTGAATATGAAAACCAAAAAAGGCTGGAAGAAGAGGAGGACTTG
AATGTGCTTACATTTGAAGATCTTCTTTGCTTTGCATATCAAGTTGCCAAAGGAATGGAA
TTTCTGGAATTTAAGTCGTGTGTTCACAGAGACCTGGCCGCCAGGAACGTGCTTGTCACC
CACGGGAAAGTGGTGAAGATATGTGACTTTGGATTGGCTCGAGATATCATGAGTGATTCC
AACTATGTTGTCAGGGGCAATGCCCGTCTGCCTGTAAAATGGATGGCCCCCGAAAGCCTG
TTTGAAGGCATCTACACCATTAAGAGTGATGTCTGGTCATATGGAATATTACTGTGGGAA
ATCTTCTCACTTGGTGTGAATCCTTACCCTGGCATTCCGGTTGATGCTAACTTCTACAAA
CTGATTCAAAATGGATTTAAAATGGATCAGCCATTTTATGCTACAGAAGAAATATACATT
ATAATGCAATCCTGCTGGGCTTTTGACTCAAGGAAACGGCCATCCTTCCCTAATTTGACT
TCGTTTTTAGGATGTCAGCTGGCAGATGCAGAAGAAGCGATGTATCAGAATGTGGATGGC
CGTGTTTCGGAATGTCCTCACACCTACCAAAACAGGCGACCTTTCAGCAGAGAGATGGAT
TTGGGGCTACTCTCTCCGCAGGCTCAGGTCGAAGATTCGTAG
GenBank Gene IDU02687
GeneCard IDNot Available
GenAtlas IDFLT3
HGNC IDHGNC:3765
Chromosome Location13
Locus13q12
References
  1. Small D, Levenstein M, Kim E, Carow C, Amin S, Rockwell P, Witte L, Burrow C, Ratajczak MZ, Gewirtz AM, et al.: STK-1, the human homolog of Flk-2/Flt-3, is selectively expressed in CD34+ human bone marrow cells and is involved in the proliferation of early progenitor/stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Jan 18;91(2):459-63. 7507245
  2. Rosnet O, Schiff C, Pebusque MJ, Marchetto S, Tonnelle C, Toiron Y, Birg F, Birnbaum D: Human FLT3/FLK2 gene: cDNA cloning and expression in hematopoietic cells. Blood. 1993 Aug 15;82(4):1110-9. 8394751
  3. Dunham A, Matthews LH, Burton J, Ashurst JL, Howe KL, Ashcroft KJ, Beare DM, Burford DC, Hunt SE, Griffiths-Jones S, Jones MC, Keenan SJ, Oliver K, Scott CE, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews DT, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Bannerjee R, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beasley H, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burrill W, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clamp ME, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg SC, Cobley V, Collins JE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Deloukas P, Dhami P, Dunham I, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AG, Faulkner L, Frankish AG, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gilbert JG, Gilson CJ, Ghori J, Grafham DV, Gribble SM, Griffiths C, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Howden PJ, Huckle EJ, Hunt PJ, Hunt AR, Johnson C, Johnson D, Kay M, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford CJ, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Lloyd C, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, McLaren SJ, McMurray A, Milne S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, Palmer SA, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Porter KM, Rice CM, Searle S, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thomas DW, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, Whitehead SL, Willey DL, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wright MW, Young L, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Beck S, Bentley DR, Rogers J, Ross MT: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 13. Nature. 2004 Apr 1;428(6982):522-8. 15057823
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. 15489334
  5. Rosnet O, Mattei MG, Marchetto S, Birnbaum D: Isolation and chromosomal localization of a novel FMS-like tyrosine kinase gene. Genomics. 1991 Feb;9(2):380-5. 2004790
  6. Rosnet O, Buhring HJ, Marchetto S, Rappold I, Lavagna C, Sainty D, Arnoulet C, Chabannon C, Kanz L, Hannum C, Birnbaum D: Human FLT3/FLK2 receptor tyrosine kinase is expressed at the surface of normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. Leukemia. 1996 Feb;10(2):238-48. 8637232
  7. Nakao M, Yokota S, Iwai T, Kaneko H, Horiike S, Kashima K, Sonoda Y, Fujimoto T, Misawa S: Internal tandem duplication of the flt3 gene found in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 1996 Dec;10(12):1911-8. 8946930
  8. Kiyoi H, Towatari M, Yokota S, Hamaguchi M, Ohno R, Saito H, Naoe T: Internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene is a novel modality of elongation mutation which causes constitutive activation of the product. Leukemia. 1998 Sep;12(9):1333-7. 9737679
  9. Zhang S, Mantel C, Broxmeyer HE: Flt3 signaling involves tyrosyl-phosphorylation of SHP-2 and SHIP and their association with Grb2 and Shc in Baf3/Flt3 cells. J Leukoc Biol. 1999 Mar;65(3):372-80. 10080542
  10. Mizuki M, Fenski R, Halfter H, Matsumura I, Schmidt R, Muller C, Gruning W, Kratz-Albers K, Serve S, Steur C, Buchner T, Kienast J, Kanakura Y, Berdel WE, Serve H: Flt3 mutations from patients with acute myeloid leukemia induce transformation of 32D cells mediated by the Ras and STAT5 pathways. Blood. 2000 Dec 1;96(12):3907-14. 11090077
  11. Brandts CH, Sargin B, Rode M, Biermann C, Lindtner B, Schwable J, Buerger H, Muller-Tidow C, Choudhary C, McMahon M, Berdel WE, Serve H: Constitutive activation of Akt by Flt3 internal tandem duplications is necessary for increased survival, proliferation, and myeloid transformation. Cancer Res. 2005 Nov 1;65(21):9643-50. 16266983
  12. Schmidt-Arras DE, Bohmer A, Markova B, Choudhary C, Serve H, Bohmer FD: Tyrosine phosphorylation regulates maturation of receptor tyrosine kinases. Mol Cell Biol. 2005 May;25(9):3690-703. 15831474
  13. Rocnik JL, Okabe R, Yu JC, Lee BH, Giese N, Schenkein DP, Gilliland DG: Roles of tyrosine 589 and 591 in STAT5 activation and transformation mediated by FLT3-ITD. Blood. 2006 Aug 15;108(4):1339-45. Epub 2006 Apr 20. 16627759
  14. Heiss E, Masson K, Sundberg C, Pedersen M, Sun J, Bengtsson S, Ronnstrand L: Identification of Y589 and Y599 in the juxtamembrane domain of Flt3 as ligand-induced autophosphorylation sites involved in binding of Src family kinases and the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. Blood. 2006 Sep 1;108(5):1542-50. Epub 2006 May 9. 16684964
  15. Meshinchi S, Stirewalt DL, Alonzo TA, Boggon TJ, Gerbing RB, Rocnik JL, Lange BJ, Gilliland DG, Radich JP: Structural and numerical variation of FLT3/ITD in pediatric AML. Blood. 2008 May 15;111(10):4930-3. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-01-117770. Epub 2008 Feb 27. 18305215
  16. Kikushige Y, Yoshimoto G, Miyamoto T, Iino T, Mori Y, Iwasaki H, Niiro H, Takenaka K, Nagafuji K, Harada M, Ishikawa F, Akashi K: Human Flt3 is expressed at the hematopoietic stem cell and the granulocyte/macrophage progenitor stages to maintain cell survival. J Immunol. 2008 Jun 1;180(11):7358-67. 18490735
  17. Razumovskaya E, Masson K, Khan R, Bengtsson S, Ronnstrand L: Oncogenic Flt3 receptors display different specificity and kinetics of autophosphorylation. Exp Hematol. 2009 Aug;37(8):979-89. doi: 10.1016/j.exphem.2009.05.008. Epub 2009 May 27. 19477218
  18. Oppermann FS, Gnad F, Olsen JV, Hornberger R, Greff Z, Keri G, Mann M, Daub H: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2009 Jul;8(7):1751-64. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M800588-MCP200. Epub 2009 Apr 15. 19369195
  19. Voisset E, Lopez S, Chaix A, Georges C, Hanssens K, Prebet T, Dubreuil P, De Sepulveda P: FES kinases are required for oncogenic FLT3 signaling. Leukemia. 2010 Apr;24(4):721-8. doi: 10.1038/leu.2009.301. Epub 2010 Jan 28. 20111072
  20. Buchwald M, Pietschmann K, Muller JP, Bohmer FD, Heinzel T, Kramer OH: Ubiquitin conjugase UBCH8 targets active FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 for proteasomal degradation. Leukemia. 2010 Aug;24(8):1412-21. doi: 10.1038/leu.2010.114. Epub 2010 May 27. 20508617
  21. Chen W, Drakos E, Grammatikakis I, Schlette EJ, Li J, Leventaki V, Staikou-Drakopoulou E, Patsouris E, Panayiotidis P, Medeiros LJ, Rassidakis GZ: mTOR signaling is activated by FLT3 kinase and promotes survival of FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia cells. Mol Cancer. 2010 Nov 10;9:292. doi: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-292. 21067588
  22. Arora D, Stopp S, Bohmer SA, Schons J, Godfrey R, Masson K, Razumovskaya E, Ronnstrand L, Tanzer S, Bauer R, Bohmer FD, Muller JP: Protein-tyrosine phosphatase DEP-1 controls receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 signaling. J Biol Chem. 2011 Apr 1;286(13):10918-29. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.205021. Epub 2011 Jan 24. 21262971
  23. Zheng R, Bailey E, Nguyen B, Yang X, Piloto O, Levis M, Small D: Further activation of FLT3 mutants by FLT3 ligand. Oncogene. 2011 Sep 22;30(38):4004-14. doi: 10.1038/onc.2011.110. Epub 2011 Apr 25. 21516120
  24. Stirewalt DL, Radich JP: The role of FLT3 in haematopoietic malignancies. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 Sep;3(9):650-65. 12951584
  25. Meshinchi S, Appelbaum FR: Structural and functional alterations of FLT3 in acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Jul 1;15(13):4263-9. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1123. Epub 2009 Jun 23. 19549778
  26. Griffith J, Black J, Faerman C, Swenson L, Wynn M, Lu F, Lippke J, Saxena K: The structural basis for autoinhibition of FLT3 by the juxtamembrane domain. Mol Cell. 2004 Jan 30;13(2):169-78. 14759363
  27. Verstraete K, Vandriessche G, Januar M, Elegheert J, Shkumatov AV, Desfosses A, Van Craenenbroeck K, Svergun DI, Gutsche I, Vergauwen B, Savvides SN: Structural insights into the extracellular assembly of the hematopoietic Flt3 signaling complex. Blood. 2011 Jul 7;118(1):60-8. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-01-329532. Epub 2011 Mar 9. 21389326
  28. Abu-Duhier FM, Goodeve AC, Wilson GA, Care RS, Peake IR, Reilly JT: Identification of novel FLT-3 Asp835 mutations in adult acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2001 Jun;113(4):983-8. 11442493
  29. Yamamoto Y, Kiyoi H, Nakano Y, Suzuki R, Kodera Y, Miyawaki S, Asou N, Kuriyama K, Yagasaki F, Shimazaki C, Akiyama H, Saito K, Nishimura M, Motoji T, Shinagawa K, Takeshita A, Saito H, Ueda R, Ohno R, Naoe T: Activating mutation of D835 within the activation loop of FLT3 in human hematologic malignancies. Blood. 2001 Apr 15;97(8):2434-9. 11290608
  30. Taketani T, Taki T, Sugita K, Furuichi Y, Ishii E, Hanada R, Tsuchida M, Sugita K, Ida K, Hayashi Y: FLT3 mutations in the activation loop of tyrosine kinase domain are frequently found in infant ALL with MLL rearrangements and pediatric ALL with hyperdiploidy. Blood. 2004 Feb 1;103(3):1085-8. Epub 2003 Sep 22. 14504097
  31. Greenman C, Stephens P, Smith R, Dalgliesh GL, Hunter C, Bignell G, Davies H, Teague J, Butler A, Stevens C, Edkins S, O'Meara S, Vastrik I, Schmidt EE, Avis T, Barthorpe S, Bhamra G, Buck G, Choudhury B, Clements J, Cole J, Dicks E, Forbes S, Gray K, Halliday K, Harrison R, Hills K, Hinton J, Jenkinson A, Jones D, Menzies A, Mironenko T, Perry J, Raine K, Richardson D, Shepherd R, Small A, Tofts C, Varian J, Webb T, West S, Widaa S, Yates A, Cahill DP, Louis DN, Goldstraw P, Nicholson AG, Brasseur F, Looijenga L, Weber BL, Chiew YE, DeFazio A, Greaves MF, Green AR, Campbell P, Birney E, Easton DF, Chenevix-Trench G, Tan MH, Khoo SK, Teh BT, Yuen ST, Leung SY, Wooster R, Futreal PA, Stratton MR: Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes. Nature. 2007 Mar 8;446(7132):153-8. 17344846
  32. Ley TJ, Mardis ER, Ding L, Fulton B, McLellan MD, Chen K, Dooling D, Dunford-Shore BH, McGrath S, Hickenbotham M, Cook L, Abbott R, Larson DE, Koboldt DC, Pohl C, Smith S, Hawkins A, Abbott S, Locke D, Hillier LW, Miner T, Fulton L, Magrini V, Wylie T, Glasscock J, Conyers J, Sander N, Shi X, Osborne JR, Minx P, Gordon D, Chinwalla A, Zhao Y, Ries RE, Payton JE, Westervelt P, Tomasson MH, Watson M, Baty J, Ivanovich J, Heath S, Shannon WD, Nagarajan R, Walter MJ, Link DC, Graubert TA, DiPersio JF, Wilson RK: DNA sequencing of a cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia genome. Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):66-72. doi: 10.1038/nature07485. 18987736