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NameVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D
Synonyms
  • CACH3
  • CACN4
  • CACNL1A2
  • Calcium channel, L type, alpha-1 polypeptide, isoform 2
  • CCHL1A2
  • Voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha Cav1.3
Gene NameCACNA1D
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0004633|Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D
MMMMMMMKKMQHQRQQQADHANEANYARGTRLPLSGEGPTSQPNSSKQTVLSWQAAIDAA
RQAKAAQTMSTSAPPPVGSLSQRKRQQYAKSKKQGNSSNSRPARALFCLSLNNPIRRACI
SIVEWKPFDIFILLAIFANCVALAIYIPFPEDDSNSTNHNLEKVEYAFLIIFTVETFLKI
IAYGLLLHPNAYVRNGWNLLDFVIVIVGLFSVILEQLTKETEGGNHSSGKSGGFDVKALR
AFRVLRPLRLVSGVPSLQVVLNSIIKAMVPLLHIALLVLFVIIIYAIIGLELFIGKMHKT
CFFADSDIVAEEDPAPCAFSGNGRQCTANGTECRSGWVGPNGGITNFDNFAFAMLTVFQC
ITMEGWTDVLYWMNDAMGFELPWVYFVSLVIFGSFFVLNLVLGVLSGEFSKEREKAKARG
DFQKLREKQQLEEDLKGYLDWITQAEDIDPENEEEGGEEGKRNTSMPTSETESVNTENVS
GEGENRGCCGSLCQAISKSKLSRRWRRWNRFNRRRCRAAVKSVTFYWLVIVLVFLNTLTI
SSEHYNQPDWLTQIQDIANKVLLALFTCEMLVKMYSLGLQAYFVSLFNRFDCFVVCGGIT
ETILVELEIMSPLGISVFRCVRLLRIFKVTRHWTSLSNLVASLLNSMKSIASLLLLLFLF
IIIFSLLGMQLFGGKFNFDETQTKRSTFDNFPQALLTVFQILTGEDWNAVMYDGIMAYGG
PSSSGMIVCIYFIILFICGNYILLNVFLAIAVDNLADAESLNTAQKEEAEEKERKKIARK
ESLENKKNNKPEVNQIANSDNKVTIDDYREEDEDKDPYPPCDVPVGEEEEEEEEDEPEVP
AGPRPRRISELNMKEKIAPIPEGSAFFILSKTNPIRVGCHKLINHHIFTNLILVFIMLSS
AALAAEDPIRSHSFRNTILGYFDYAFTAIFTVEILLKMTTFGAFLHKGAFCRNYFNLLDM
LVVGVSLVSFGIQSSAISVVKILRVLRVLRPLRAINRAKGLKHVVQCVFVAIRTIGNIMI
VTTLLQFMFACIGVQLFKGKFYRCTDEAKSNPEECRGLFILYKDGDVDSPVVRERIWQNS
DFNFDNVLSAMMALFTVSTFEGWPALLYKAIDSNGENIGPIYNHRVEISIFFIIYIIIVA
FFMMNIFVGFVIVTFQEQGEKEYKNCELDKNQRQCVEYALKARPLRRYIPKNPYQYKFWY
VVNSSPFEYMMFVLIMLNTLCLAMQHYEQSKMFNDAMDILNMVFTGVFTVEMVLKVIAFK
PKGYFSDAWNTFDSLIVIGSIIDVALSEADPTESENVPVPTATPGNSEESNRISITFFRL
FRVMRLVKLLSRGEGIRTLLWTFIKSFQALPYVALLIAMLFFIYAVIGMQMFGKVAMRDN
NQINRNNNFQTFPQAVLLLFRCATGEAWQEIMLACLPGKLCDPESDYNPGEEYTCGSNFA
IVYFISFYMLCAFLIINLFVAVIMDNFDYLTRDWSILGPHHLDEFKRIWSEYDPEAKGRI
KHLDVVTLLRRIQPPLGFGKLCPHRVACKRLVAMNMPLNSDGTVMFNATLFALVRTALKI
KTEGNLEQANEELRAVIKKIWKKTSMKLLDQVVPPAGDDEVTVGKFYATFLIQDYFRKFK
KRKEQGLVGKYPAKNTTIALQAGLRTLHDIGPEIRRAISCDLQDDEPEETKREEEDDVFK
RNGALLGNHVNHVNSDRRDSLQQTNTTHRPLHVQRPSIPPASDTEKPLFPPAGNSVCHNH
HNHNSIGKQVPTSTNANLNNANMSKAAHGKRPSIGNLEHVSENGHHSSHKHDREPQRRSS
VKRTRYYETYIRSDSGDEQLPTICREDPEIHGYFRDPHCLGEQEYFSSEECYEDDSSPTW
SRQNYGYYSRYPGRNIDSERPRGYHHPQGFLEDDDSPVCYDSRRSPRRRLLPPTPASHRR
SSFNFECLRRQSSQEEVPSSPIFPHRTALPLHLMQQQIMAVAGLDSSKAQKYSPSHSTRS
WATPPATPPYRDWTPCYTPLIQVEQSEALDQVNGSLPSLHRSSWYTDEPDISYRTFTPAS
LTVPSSFRNKNSDKQRSADSLVEAVLISEGLGRYARDPKFVSATKHEIADACDLTIDEME
SAASTLLNGNVRPRANGDVGPLSHRQDYELQDFGPGYSDEEPDPGRDEEDLADEMICITT
L
Number of residues2161
Molecular Weight245138.75
Theoretical pI6.73
GO Classification
Functions
  • ankyrin binding
  • voltage-gated calcium channel activity
  • high voltage-gated calcium channel activity
  • metal ion binding
  • alpha-actinin binding
  • voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential
  • voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved SA node cell action potential
Processes
  • membrane depolarization during action potential
  • membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
  • membrane depolarization during SA node cell action potential
  • regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization
  • regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction
  • calcium ion transport
  • adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
  • calcium ion import
  • regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport
  • small molecule metabolic process
  • positive regulation of calcium ion transport
  • axon guidance
  • regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity
  • sensory perception of sound
  • energy reserve metabolic process
  • regulation of insulin secretion
  • calcium ion transmembrane transport
Components
  • voltage-gated calcium channel complex
  • plasma membrane
  • L-type voltage-gated calcium channel complex
  • Z disc
General FunctionVoltage-gated calcium channel activity involved sa node cell action potential
Specific FunctionVoltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1D gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group. They are blocked by dihydropyridines (DHP), phenylalkylamines, benzothiazepines, and by omega-agatoxin-IIIA (omega-Aga-IIIA). They are however insensitive to omega-conotoxin-GVIA (omega-CTx-GVIA) and omega-agatoxin-IVA (omega-Aga-IVA).
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions127-145 164-183 196-214 236-254 274-293 382-406 524-543 559-577 586-604 615-633 653-673 728-752 887-905 922-941 954-972 979-998 1018-1037 1128-1148 1206-1224 1240-1259 1267-1288 1314-1333 1353-1372 1440-1464
GenBank Protein ID179764
UniProtKB IDQ01668
UniProtKB Entry NameCAC1D_HUMAN
Cellular LocationMembrane
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0020608|Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D (CACNA1D)
ATGATGATGATGATGATGATGAAAAAAATGCAGCATCAACGGCAGCAGCAAGCGGACCAC
GCGAACGAGGCAAACTATGCAAGAGGCACCAGACTTCCTCTTTCTGGTGAAGGACCAACT
TCTCAGCCGAATAGCTCCAAGCAAACTGTCCTGTCTTGGCAAGCTGCAATCGATGCTGCT
AGACAGGCCAAGGCTGCCCAAACTATGAGCACCTCTGCACCCCCACCTGTAGGATCTCTC
TCCCAAAGAAAACGTCAGCAATACGCCAAGAGCAAAAAACAGGGTAACTCGTCCAACAGC
CGACCTGCCCGCGCCCTTTTCTGTTTATCACTCAATAACCCCATCCGAAGAGCCTGCATT
AGTATAGTGGAATGGAAACCATTTGACATATTTATATTATTGGCTATTTTTGCCAATTGT
GTGGCCTTAGCTATTTACATCCCATTCCCTGAAGATGATTCTAATTCAACAAATCATAAC
TTGGAAAAAGTAGAATATGCCTTCCTGATTATTTTTACAGTCGAGACATTTTTGAAGATT
ATAGCGTATGGATTATTGCTACATCCTAATGCTTATGTTAGGAATGGATGGAATTTACTG
GATTTTGTTATAGTAATAGTAGGATTGTTTAGTGTAATTTTGGAACAATTAACCAAAGAA
ACAGAAGGCGGGAACCACTCAAGCGGCAAATCTGGAGGCTTTGATGTCAAAGCCCTCCGT
GCCTTTCGAGTGTTGCGACCACTTCGACTAGTGTCAGGAGTGCCCAGTTTACAAGTTGTC
CTGAACTCCATTATAAAAGCCATGGTTCCCCTCCTTCACATAGCCCTTTTGGTATTATTT
GTAATCATAATCTATGCTATTATAGGATTGGAACTTTTTATTGGAAAAATGCACAAAACA
TGTTTTTTTGCTGACTCAGATATCGTAGCTGAAGAGGACCCAGCTCCATGTGCGTTCTCA
GGGAATGGACGCCAGTGTACTGCCAATGGCACGGAATGTAGGAGTGGCTGGGTTGGCCCG
AACGGAGGCATCACCAACTTTGATAACTTTGCCTTTGCCATGCTTACTGTGTTTCAGTGC
ATCACCATGGAGGGCTGGACAGATGTGCTCTACTGGGTAAATGATGCGATAGGATGGGAA
TGGCCATGGGTGTATTTTGTTAGTCTGATCATCCTTGGCTCATTTTTCGTCCTTAACCTG
GTTCTTGGTGTCCTTAGTGGAGAATTCTCAAAGGAAAGAGAGAAGGCAAAAGCACGGGGA
GATTTCCAGAAGCTCCGGGAGAAGCAGCAGCTGGAGGAGGATCTAAAGGGCTACTTGGAT
TGGATCACCCAAGCTGAGGACATCGATCCGGAGAATGAGGAAGAAGGAGGAGAGGAAGGC
AAACGAAATACTAGCATGCCCACCAGCGAGACTGAGTCTGTGAACACAGAGAACGTCAGC
GGTGAAGGCGAGAACCGAGGCTGCTGTGGAAGTCTCTGGTGCTGGTGGAGACGGAGAGGC
GCGGCCAAGGCGGGGCCCTCTGGGTGTCGGCGGTGGGGTCAAGCCATCTCAAAATCCAAA
CTCAGCCGACGCTGGCGTCGCTGGAACCGATTCAATCGCAGAAGATGTAGGGCCGCCGTG
AAGTCTGTCACGTTTTACTGGCTGGTTATCGTCCTGGTGTTTCTGAACACCTTAACCATT
TCCTCTGAGCACTACAATCAGCCAGATTGGTTGACACAGATTCAAGATATTGCCAACAAA
GTCCTCTTGGCTCTGTTCACCTGCGAGATGCTGGTAAAAATGTACAGCTTGGGCCTCCAA
GCATATTTCGTCTCTCTTTTCAACCGGTTTGATTGCTTCGTGGTGTGTGGTGGAATCACT
GAGACGATCTTGGTGGAACTGGAAATCATGTCTCCCCTGGGGATCTCTGTGTTTCGGTGT
GTGCGCCTCTTAAGAATCTTCAAAGTGACCAGGCACTGGACTTCCCTGAGCAACTTAGTG
GCATCCTTATTAAACTCCATGAAGTCCATCGCTTCGCTGTTGCTTCTGCTTTTTCTCTTC
ATTATCATCTTTTCCTTGCTTGGGATGCAGCTGTTTGGCGGCAAGTTTAATTTTGATGAA
ACGCAAACCAAGCGGAGCACCTTTGACAATTTCCCTCAAGCACTTCTCACAGTGTTCCAG
ATCCTGACAGGCGAAGACTGGAATGCTGTGATGTACGATGGCATCATGGCTTACGGGGGC
CCATCCTCTTCAGGAATGATCGTCTGCATCTACTTCATCATCCTCTTCATTTGTGGTAAC
TATATTCTACTGAATGTCTTCTTGGCCATCGCTGTAGACAATTTGGCTGATGCTGAAAGT
CTGAACACTGCTCAGAAAGAAGAAGCGGAAGAAAAGGAGAGGAAAAAGATTGCCAGAAAA
GAGAGCCTAGAAAATAAAAAGAACAACAAACCAGAAGTCAACCAGATAGCCAACAGTGAC
AACAAGGTTACAATTGATGACTATAGAGAAGAGGATGAAGACAAGGACCCCTATCCGCCT
TGCGATGTGCCAGTAGGGGAAGAGGAAGAGGAAGAGGAGGAGGATGAACCTGAGGTTCCT
GCCGGACCCCGTCCTCGAAGGATCTCGGAGTTGAACATGAAGGAAAAAATTGCCCCCATC
CCTGAAGGGAGCGCTTTCTTCATTCTTAGCAAGACCAACCCGATCCGCGTAGGCTGCCAC
AAGCTCATCAACCACCACATCTTCACCAACCTCATCCTTGTCTTCATCATGCTGAGCAGC
GCTGCCCTGGCCGCAGAGGACCCCATCCGCAGCCACTCCTTCCGGAACACGATACTGGGT
TACTTTGACTATGCCTTCACAGCCATCTTTACTGTTGAGATCCTGTTGAAGATGACAACT
TTTGGAGCTTTCCTCCACAAAGGGGCCTTCTGCAGGAACTACTTCAATTTGCTGGATATG
CTGGTGGTTGGGGTGTCTCTGGTGTCATTTGGGATTCAATCCAGTGCCATCTCCGTTGTG
AAGATTCTGAGGGTCTTAAGGGTCCTGCGTCCCCTCAGGGCCATCAACAGAGCAAAAGGA
CTTAAGCACGTGGTCCAGTGCGTCTTCGTGGCCATCCGGACCATCGGCAACATCATGATC
GTCACCACCCTCCTGCAGTTCATGTTTGCCTGTATCGGGGTCCAGTTGTTCAAGGGGAAG
TTCTATCGCTGTACGGATGAAGCCAAAAGTAACCCTGAAGAATGCAGGGGACTTTTCATC
CTCTACAAGGATGGGGATGTTGACAGTCCTGTGGTCCGTGAACGGATCTGGCAAAACAGT
GATTTCAACTTCGACAACGTCCTCTCTGCTATGATGGCGCTCTTCACAGTCTCCACGTTT
GAGGGCTGGCCTGCGTTGCTGTATAAAGCCATCGACTCGAATGGAGAGAACATCGGCCCA
ATCTACAACCACCGCGTGGAGATCTCCATCTTCTTCATCATCTACATCATCATTGTAGCT
TTCTTCATGATGAACATCTTTGTGGGCTTTGTCATCGTTACATTTCAGGAACAAGGAGAA
AAAGAGTATAAGAACTGTGAGCTGGACAAAAATCAGCGTCAGTGTGTTGAATACGCCTTG
AAAGCACGTCCCTTGCGGAGATACATCCCCAAAAACCCCTACCAGTACAAGTTCTGGTAC
GTGGTGAACTCTTCGCCTTTCGAATACATGATGTTTGTCCTCATCATGCTCAACACACTC
TGCTTGGCCATGCAGCACTACGAGCAGTCCAAGATGTTCAATGATGCCATGGACATTCTG
AACATGGTCTTCACCGGGGTGTTCACCGTCGAGATGGTTTTGAAAGTCATCGCATTTAAG
CCTAAGGGGTATTTTAGTGACGCCTGGAACACGTTTGACTCCCTCATCGTAATCGGCAGC
ATTATAGACGTGGCCCTCAGCGAAGCAGACCCAACTGAAAGTGAAAATGTCCCTGTCCCA
ACTGCTACACCTGGGAACTCTGAAGAGAGCAATAGAATCTCCATCACCTTTTTCCGTCTT
TTCCGAGTGATGCGATTGGTGAAGCTTCTCAGCAGGGGGGAAGGCATCCGGACATTGCTG
TGGACTTTTATTAAGTCCTTTCAGGCGCTCCCGTATGTGGCCCTCCTCATAGCCATGCTG
TTCTTCATCTATGCGGTCATTGGCATGCAGATGTTTGGGAAAGTTGCCATGAGAGATAAC
AACCAGATCAATAGGAACAATAACTTCCAGACGTTTCCCCAGGCGGTGCTGCTGCTCTTC
AGGTGTGCAACAGGTGAGGCCTGGCAGGAGATCATGCTGGCCTGTCTCCCAGGGAAGCTC
TGTGACCCTGAGTCAGATTACAACCCCGGGGAGGAGTATACATGTGGGAGCAACTTTGCC
ATTGTCTATTTCATCAGTTTTTACATGCTCTGTGCATTTCTGATCATCAATCTGTTTGTG
GCTGTCATCATGGATAATTTCGACTATCTGACCCGGGACTGGTCTATTTTGGGGCCTCAC
CATTTAGATGAATTCAAAAGAATATGGTCAGAATATGACCCTGAGGCAAAGGGAAGGATA
AAACACCTTGATGTGGTCACTCTGCTTCGACGCATCCAGCCTCCCCTGGGGTTTGGGAAG
TTATGTCCACACAGGGTAGCGTGCAAGAGATTAGTTGCCATGAACATGCCTCTCAACAGT
GACGGGACAGTCATGTTTAATGCAACCCTGTTTGCTTTGGTTCGAACGGCTCTTAAGATC
AAGACCGAAGGGAACCTGGAGCAAGCTAATGAAGAACTTCGGGCTGTGATAAAGAAAATT
TGGAAGAAAACCAGCATGAAATTACTTGACCAAGTTGTCCCTCCAGCTGGTGATGATGAG
GTAACCGTGGGGAAGTTCTATGCCACTTTCCTGATACAGGACTACTTTAGGAAATTCAAG
AAACGGAAAGAACAAGGACTGGTGGGAAAGTACCCTGCGAAGAACACCACAATTGCCCTA
CAGGCGGGATTAAGGACACTGCATGACATTGGGCCAGAAATCCGGCGTGCTATATCGTGT
GATTTGCAAGATGACGAGCCTGAGGAAACAAAACGAGAAGAAGAAGATGATGTGTTCAAA
AGAAATGGTGCCCTGCTTGGAAACCATGTCAATCATGTTAATAGTGATAGGAGAGATTCC
CTTCAGCAGACCAATACCACCCACCGTCCCCTGCATGTCCAAAGGCCTTCAATTCCACCT
GCAAGTGATACTGAGAAACCGCTGTTTCCTCCAGCAGGAAATTCGGTGTGTCATAACCAT
CATAACCATAATTCCATAGGAAAGCAAGTTCCCACCTCAACAAATGCCAATCTCAATAAT
GCCAATATGTCCAAAGCTGCCCATGGAAAGCGGCCCAGCATTGGGAACCTTGAGCATGTG
TCTGAAAATGGGCATCATTCTTCCCACAAGCATGACCGGGAGCCTCAGAGAAGGTCCAGT
GTGAAAAGAACCCGCTATTATGAAACTTACATTAGGTCCGACTCAGGAGATGAACAGCTC
CCAACTATTTGCCGGGAAGACCCAGAGATACATGGCTATTTCAGGGACCCCCACTGCTTG
GGGGAGCAGGAGTATTTCAGTAGTGAGGAATGCTACGAGGATGACAGCTCGCCCACCTGG
AGCAGGCAAAACTATGGCTACTACAGCAGATACCCAGGCAGAAACATCGACTCTGAGAGG
CCCCGAGGCTACCATCATCCCCAAGGATTCTTGGAGGACGATGACTCGCCCGTTTGCTAT
GATTCACGGAGATCTCCAAGGAGACGCCTACTACCTCCCACCCCAGCATCCCACCGGAGA
TCCTCCTTCAACTTTGAGTGCCTGCGCCGGCAGAGCAGCCAGGAAGAGGTCCCGTCGTCT
CCCATCTTCCCCCATCGCACGGCCCTGCCTCTGCATCTAATGCAGCAACAGATCATGGCA
GTTGCCGGCCTAGATTCAAGTAAAGCCCAGAAGTACTCACCGAGTCACTCGACCCGGTCG
TGGGCCACCCCTCCAGCAACCCCTCCCTACCGGGACTGGACACCGTGCTACACCCCCCTG
ATCCAAGTGGAGCAGTCAGAGGCCCTGGACCAGGTGAACGGCAGCCTGCCGTCCCTGCAC
CGCAGCTCCTGGTACACAGACGAGCCCGACATCTCCTACCGGACTTTCACACCAGCCAGC
CTGACTGTCCCCAGCAGCTTCCGGAACAAAAACAGCGACAAGCAGAGGAGTGCGGACAGC
TTGGTGGAGGCAGTCCTGATATCCGAAGGCTTGGGACGCTATGCAAGGGACCCAAAATTT
GTGTCAGCAACAAAACACGAAATCGCTGATGCCTGTGACCTCACCATCGACGAGATGGAG
AGTGCAGCCAGCACCCTGCTTAATGGGAACGTGCGTCCCCGAGCCAACGGGGATGTGGGC
CCCCTCTCACACCGGCAGGACTATGAGCTACAGGACTTTGGTCCTGGCTACAGCGACGAA
GAGCCAGACCCTGGGAGGGATGAGGAGGACCTGGCGGATGAAATGATATGCATCACCACC
TTGTAG
GenBank Gene IDM76558
GeneCard IDNot Available
GenAtlas IDCACNA1D
HGNC IDHGNC:1391
Chromosome Location3
Locus3p14.3
References
  1. Williams ME, Feldman DH, McCue AF, Brenner R, Velicelebi G, Ellis SB, Harpold MM: Structure and functional expression of alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta subunits of a novel human neuronal calcium channel subtype. Neuron. 1992 Jan;8(1):71-84. 1309651
  2. Seino S, Chen L, Seino M, Blondel O, Takeda J, Johnson JH, Bell GI: Cloning of the alpha 1 subunit of a voltage-dependent calcium channel expressed in pancreatic beta cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jan 15;89(2):584-8. 1309948
  3. Yamada Y, Masuda K, Li Q, Ihara Y, Kubota A, Miura T, Nakamura K, Fujii Y, Seino S, Seino Y: The structures of the human calcium channel alpha 1 subunit (CACNL1A2) and beta subunit (CACNLB3) genes. Genomics. 1995 May 20;27(2):312-9. 7557998
  4. Singh A, Gebhart M, Fritsch R, Sinnegger-Brauns MJ, Poggiani C, Hoda JC, Engel J, Romanin C, Striessnig J, Koschak A: Modulation of voltage- and Ca2+-dependent gating of CaV1.3 L-type calcium channels by alternative splicing of a C-terminal regulatory domain. J Biol Chem. 2008 Jul 25;283(30):20733-44. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M802254200. Epub 2008 May 15. 18482979
  5. Muzny DM, Scherer SE, Kaul R, Wang J, Yu J, Sudbrak R, Buhay CJ, Chen R, Cree A, Ding Y, Dugan-Rocha S, Gill R, Gunaratne P, Harris RA, Hawes AC, Hernandez J, Hodgson AV, Hume J, Jackson A, Khan ZM, Kovar-Smith C, Lewis LR, Lozado RJ, Metzker ML, Milosavljevic A, Miner GR, Morgan MB, Nazareth LV, Scott G, Sodergren E, Song XZ, Steffen D, Wei S, Wheeler DA, Wright MW, Worley KC, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Adams CQ, Ansari-Lari MA, Ayele M, Brown MJ, Chen G, Chen Z, Clendenning J, Clerc-Blankenburg KP, Chen R, Chen Z, Davis C, Delgado O, Dinh HH, Dong W, Draper H, Ernst S, Fu G, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Garcia DK, Gillett W, Gu J, Hao B, Haugen E, Havlak P, He X, Hennig S, Hu S, Huang W, Jackson LR, Jacob LS, Kelly SH, Kube M, Levy R, Li Z, Liu B, Liu J, Liu W, Lu J, Maheshwari M, Nguyen BV, Okwuonu GO, Palmeiri A, Pasternak S, Perez LM, Phelps KA, Plopper FJ, Qiang B, Raymond C, Rodriguez R, Saenphimmachak C, Santibanez J, Shen H, Shen Y, Subramanian S, Tabor PE, Verduzco D, Waldron L, Wang J, Wang J, Wang Q, Williams GA, Wong GK, Yao Z, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhao G, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Nelson D, Lehrach H, Reinhardt R, Naylor SL, Yang H, Olson M, Weinstock G, Gibbs RA: The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3. Nature. 2006 Apr 27;440(7088):1194-8. 16641997
  6. Kim HL, Chang YJ, Lee SM, Hong YS: Genomic structure of the regulatory region of the voltage-gated calcium channel alpha 1D. Exp Mol Med. 1998 Dec 31;30(4):246-51. 9894156
  7. Oguro-Okano M, Griesmann GE, Wieben ED, Slaymaker SJ, Snutch TP, Lennon VA: Molecular diversity of neuronal-type calcium channels identified in small cell lung carcinoma. Mayo Clin Proc. 1992 Dec;67(12):1150-9. 1335101
  8. Loll B, Ruckert C, Hee CS, Saenger W, Uchanska-Ziegler B, Ziegler A: Loss of recognition by cross-reactive T cells and its relation to a C-terminus-induced conformational reorientation of an HLA-B*2705-bound peptide. Protein Sci. 2011 Feb;20(2):278-90. doi: 10.1002/pro.559. Epub 2010 Dec 23. 21280120
  9. Baig SM, Koschak A, Lieb A, Gebhart M, Dafinger C, Nurnberg G, Ali A, Ahmad I, Sinnegger-Brauns MJ, Brandt N, Engel J, Mangoni ME, Farooq M, Khan HU, Nurnberg P, Striessnig J, Bolz HJ: Loss of Ca(v)1.3 (CACNA1D) function in a human channelopathy with bradycardia and congenital deafness. Nat Neurosci. 2011 Jan;14(1):77-84. doi: 10.1038/nn.2694. Epub 2010 Dec 5. 21131953
  10. Scholl UI, Goh G, Stolting G, de Oliveira RC, Choi M, Overton JD, Fonseca AL, Korah R, Starker LF, Kunstman JW, Prasad ML, Hartung EA, Mauras N, Benson MR, Brady T, Shapiro JR, Loring E, Nelson-Williams C, Libutti SK, Mane S, Hellman P, Westin G, Akerstrom G, Bjorklund P, Carling T, Fahlke C, Hidalgo P, Lifton RP: Somatic and germline CACNA1D calcium channel mutations in aldosterone-producing adenomas and primary aldosteronism. Nat Genet. 2013 Sep;45(9):1050-4. doi: 10.1038/ng.2695. Epub 2013 Aug 4. 23913001