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NameGuanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase
Synonyms
  • 2.1.1.2
Gene NameGAMT
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0001132|Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase
MSAPSATPIFAPGENCSPAWGAAPAAYDAADTHLRILGKPVMERWETPYMHALAAAASSK
GGRVLEVGFGMAIAASKVQEAPIDEHWIIECNDGVFQRLRDWAPRQTHKVIPLKGLWEDV
APTLPDGHFDGILYDTYPLSEETWHTHQFNFIKNHAFRLLKPGGVLTYCNLTSWGELMKS
KYSDITIMFEETQVPALLEAGFRRENIRTEVMALVPPADCRYYAFPQMITPLVTKG
Number of residues236
Molecular Weight26317.925
Theoretical pI6.09
GO Classification
Functions
  • methyltransferase activity
  • guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase activity
Processes
  • polyamine metabolic process
  • S-adenosylmethionine metabolic process
  • regulation of multicellular organism growth
  • creatine metabolic process
  • organ morphogenesis
  • creatine biosynthetic process
  • embryonic liver development
  • muscle contraction
  • spermatogenesis
  • S-adenosylhomocysteine metabolic process
  • cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process
  • small molecule metabolic process
Components
  • extracellular exosome
  • cytoplasm
  • nucleus
  • cytosol
General FunctionMethyltransferase activity
Specific FunctionNot Available
Pfam Domain FunctionNot Available
Transmembrane RegionsNot Available
GenBank Protein ID1212946
UniProtKB IDQ14353
UniProtKB Entry NameGAMT_HUMAN
Cellular LocationNot Available
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0016138|Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT)
ATGAGCGCCCCCAGCGCGACCCCCATCTTCGCGCCCGGCGAGAACTGCAGCCCCGCGTGG
GGGGCGGCGCCCGCGGCCTACGACGCAGCGGACACGCACCTGCGCATCCTGGGCAAGCCG
GTGATGGAGCGCTGGGAGACCCCCTATATGCACGCGCTGGCCGCCGCCGCCTCCTCCAAA
GGGGGCCGGGTCCTGGAGGTGGGCTTTGGCATGGCCATCGCAGCGTCAAAGGTGCAGGAG
GCGCCCATTGATGAGCATTGGATCATCGAGTGCAATGACGGCGTCTTCCAGCGGCTCCGG
GACTGGGCCCCACGGCAGACACACAAGGTCATCCCCTTGAAAGGCCTGTGGGAGGATGTG
GCACCCACCCTGCCTGACGGTCACTTTGATGGGATCCTGTACGACACGTACCCACTCTCG
GAGGAGACCTGGCACACACACCAGTTCAACTTCATCAAGAACCACGCCTTTCGCCTGCTG
AAGCCGGGGGGCGTCCTCACCTACTGCAACCTCACCTCCTGGGGGGAGCTGATGAAGTCC
AAGTACTCAGACATCACCATCATGTTTGAGGAGACGCAGGTGCCCGCGCTGCTGGAGGCC
GGCTTCCGGAGGGAGAACATCCGTACGGAGGTGATGGCGCTGGTCCCACCGGCCGACTGC
CGCTACTACGCCTTCCCACAGATGATCACGCCCCTGGTGACCAAAGGCTGA
GenBank Gene IDZ49878
GeneCard IDNot Available
GenAtlas IDGAMT
HGNC IDHGNC:4136
Chromosome Location19
Locus19p13.3
References
  1. Isbrandt D, von Figura K: Cloning and sequence analysis of human guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase cDNA. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 Dec 27;1264(3):265-7. 8547310
  2. Jenne DE, Olsen AS, Zimmer M: The human guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) gene maps to a syntenic region on 19p13.3, homologous to band C of mouse chromosome 10, but GAMT is not mutated in jittery mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Sep 29;238(3):723-7. 9325156
  3. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. 14702039
  4. Grimwood J, Gordon LA, Olsen A, Terry A, Schmutz J, Lamerdin J, Hellsten U, Goodstein D, Couronne O, Tran-Gyamfi M, Aerts A, Altherr M, Ashworth L, Bajorek E, Black S, Branscomb E, Caenepeel S, Carrano A, Caoile C, Chan YM, Christensen M, Cleland CA, Copeland A, Dalin E, Dehal P, Denys M, Detter JC, Escobar J, Flowers D, Fotopulos D, Garcia C, Georgescu AM, Glavina T, Gomez M, Gonzales E, Groza M, Hammon N, Hawkins T, Haydu L, Ho I, Huang W, Israni S, Jett J, Kadner K, Kimball H, Kobayashi A, Larionov V, Leem SH, Lopez F, Lou Y, Lowry S, Malfatti S, Martinez D, McCready P, Medina C, Morgan J, Nelson K, Nolan M, Ovcharenko I, Pitluck S, Pollard M, Popkie AP, Predki P, Quan G, Ramirez L, Rash S, Retterer J, Rodriguez A, Rogers S, Salamov A, Salazar A, She X, Smith D, Slezak T, Solovyev V, Thayer N, Tice H, Tsai M, Ustaszewska A, Vo N, Wagner M, Wheeler J, Wu K, Xie G, Yang J, Dubchak I, Furey TS, DeJong P, Dickson M, Gordon D, Eichler EE, Pennacchio LA, Richardson P, Stubbs L, Rokhsar DS, Myers RM, Rubin EM, Lucas SM: The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19. Nature. 2004 Apr 1;428(6982):529-35. 15057824
  5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. 15489334
  6. Stockler S, Isbrandt D, Hanefeld F, Schmidt B, von Figura K: Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency: the first inborn error of creatine metabolism in man. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 May;58(5):914-22. 8651275
  7. Burkard TR, Planyavsky M, Kaupe I, Breitwieser FP, Burckstummer T, Bennett KL, Superti-Furga G, Colinge J: Initial characterization of the human central proteome. BMC Syst Biol. 2011 Jan 26;5:17. doi: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17. 21269460
  8. Bienvenut WV, Sumpton D, Martinez A, Lilla S, Espagne C, Meinnel T, Giglione C: Comparative large scale characterization of plant versus mammal proteins reveals similar and idiosyncratic N-alpha-acetylation features. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2012 Jun;11(6):M111.015131. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M111.015131. Epub 2012 Jan 5. 22223895
  9. Battini R, Leuzzi V, Carducci C, Tosetti M, Bianchi MC, Item CB, Stockler-Ipsiroglu S, Cioni G: Creatine depletion in a new case with AGAT deficiency: clinical and genetic study in a large pedigree. Mol Genet Metab. 2002 Dec;77(4):326-31. 12468279
  10. Item CB, Mercimek-Mahmutoglu S, Battini R, Edlinger-Horvat C, Stromberger C, Bodamer O, Muhl A, Vilaseca MA, Korall H, Stockler-Ipsiroglu S: Characterization of seven novel mutations in seven patients with GAMT deficiency. Hum Mutat. 2004 May;23(5):524. 15108290
  11. Caldeira Araujo H, Smit W, Verhoeven NM, Salomons GS, Silva S, Vasconcelos R, Tomas H, Tavares de Almeida I, Jakobs C, Duran M: Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency identified in adults and a child with mental retardation. Am J Med Genet A. 2005 Mar 1;133A(2):122-7. 15651030
  12. Leuzzi V, Carducci C, Carducci C, Matricardi M, Bianchi MC, Di Sabato ML, Artiola C, Antonozzi I: A mutation on exon 6 of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) gene supports a different function for isoform a and b of GAMT enzyme. Mol Genet Metab. 2006 Jan;87(1):88-90. Epub 2005 Nov 15. 16293431
  13. Mercimek-Mahmutoglu S, Stoeckler-Ipsiroglu S, Adami A, Appleton R, Araujo HC, Duran M, Ensenauer R, Fernandez-Alvarez E, Garcia P, Grolik C, Item CB, Leuzzi V, Marquardt I, Muhl A, Saelke-Kellermann RA, Salomons GS, Schulze A, Surtees R, van der Knaap MS, Vasconcelos R, Verhoeven NM, Vilarinho L, Wilichowski E, Jakobs C: GAMT deficiency: features, treatment, and outcome in an inborn error of creatine synthesis. Neurology. 2006 Aug 8;67(3):480-4. Epub 2006 Jul 19. 16855203
  14. Lion-Francois L, Cheillan D, Pitelet G, Acquaviva-Bourdain C, Bussy G, Cotton F, Guibaud L, Gerard D, Rivier C, Vianey-Saban C, Jakobs C, Salomons GS, des Portes V: High frequency of creatine deficiency syndromes in patients with unexplained mental retardation. Neurology. 2006 Nov 14;67(9):1713-4. 17101918
  15. Verbruggen KT, Sijens PE, Schulze A, Lunsing RJ, Jakobs C, Salomons GS, van Spronsen FJ: Successful treatment of a guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficient patient: findings with relevance to treatment strategy and pathophysiology. Mol Genet Metab. 2007 Jul;91(3):294-6. Epub 2007 Apr 26. 17466557
  16. O'Rourke DJ, Ryan S, Salomons G, Jakobs C, Monavari A, King MD: Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency: late onset of movement disorder and preserved expressive language. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2009 May;51(5):404-7. 19388150
  17. Comeaux MS, Wang J, Wang G, Kleppe S, Zhang VW, Schmitt ES, Craigen WJ, Renaud D, Sun Q, Wong LJ: Biochemical, molecular, and clinical diagnoses of patients with cerebral creatine deficiency syndromes. Mol Genet Metab. 2013 Jul;109(3):260-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.04.006. Epub 2013 Apr 17. 23660394
  18. Mercimek-Mahmutoglu S, Ndika J, Kanhai W, de Villemeur TB, Cheillan D, Christensen E, Dorison N, Hannig V, Hendriks Y, Hofstede FC, Lion-Francois L, Lund AM, Mundy H, Pitelet G, Raspall-Chaure M, Scott-Schwoerer JA, Szakszon K, Valayannopoulos V, Williams M, Salomons GS: Thirteen new patients with guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency and functional characterization of nineteen novel missense variants in the GAMT gene. Hum Mutat. 2014 Apr;35(4):462-9. doi: 10.1002/humu.22511. Epub 2014 Mar 6. 24415674