N-Nitrosodimethylamine (T3D0199)

IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesGene RegulationXML
Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2009-03-06 18:58:16 UTC
Update Date2014-12-24 20:21:19 UTC
Accession NumberT3D0199
Identification
Common NameN-Nitrosodimethylamine
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionN-Nitrosodimethylamine is found in pepper (Capsicum annuum). N-Nitrosodimethylamine is a food contaminant especially in cured meat products. N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), also known as dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), is a semi-volatile organic chemical that is highly toxic and is a suspected human carcinogen. The US Environmental Protection Agency has determined that the maximum admissible concentration of NDMA in drinking water is 7 ng L 1. The EPA has not yet set a regulatory maximum contaminant level (MCL) for drinking water. At high doses, it is a potent hepatotoxin that can cause fibrosis of the liver in rats. The induction of liver tumors in rats after chronic exposure to low doses is well-documented. Its toxic effects on humans are inferred from animal experiments but not well-established experimentally. NDMA is an industrial by-product or waste product of several industrial processes. It first came to attention as a groundwater contaminant in California in 1998 and 1999 at several sites that produced rocket fuel. Manufacturing of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH), which is a component of rocket fuel that requires NDMA for its synthesis, proved to be the culprit in these cases. Of more general concern, water treatment via chlorination or chloramination of organic nitrogen-containing wastewater can lead to the production of NDMA at potentially harmful levels. Further, NDMA can form or be leached during treatment of water by anion exchange resins. Finally, NDMA is found at low levels in numerous items of human consumption including cured meat, fish, beer, and tobacco smoke It is, however, unlikely to bioaccumulate. N-nitrosodimethylamine belongs to the family of Nitrosamines. These are compounds containing the nitrosamine functional group, with the structure R2NNO.
Compound Type
  • Amine
  • Cigarette Toxin
  • Food Toxin
  • Household Toxin
  • Industrial By-product/Pollutant
  • Industrial/Workplace Toxin
  • Metabolite
  • Nitrite
  • Organic Compound
  • Pesticide
  • Pollutant
  • Synthetic Compound
Chemical Structure
Thumb
MOLSDF3D-SDFPDBSMILESInChI View 3D Structure
Synonyms
Synonym
1,1-Dimethyl-2-oxohydrazine
Dimethyl-Nitrosamine
Dimethylnitrosamin
Dimethylnitrosamine
Dimethylnitrosoamine
DMNA
N Nitrosodimethylamine
N, N-Dimethylnitrosamine
N,N-Dimethylnitrosamine
N-Dimethyl-nitrosamine
N-Dimethylnitrosoamine
N-Methyl-N-nitroso-Methamine
N-Methyl-N-nitroso-Methanamine
N-Methyl-N-nitrosomethanamine
N-Methyl-N-nitrosomethanamine, 9CI
N-Nitroaodimethylamine
N-Nitroso-Dimethylamine
N-Nitroso-N,N-dimethylamine
NDMA
NDMA nitrosodimethylamine
Nitrosodimethylamine
Nitrous dimethylamide
Chemical FormulaC2H6N2O
Average Molecular Mass74.082 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass74.048 g/mol
CAS Registry Number62-75-9
IUPAC Namedimethyl(nitroso)amine
Traditional Namenitrosodimethylamine
SMILESCN(C)N=O
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C2H6N2O/c1-4(2)3-5/h1-2H3
InChI KeyInChIKey=UMFJAHHVKNCGLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organic n-nitroso compounds. These are organic compounds containing a n-nitroso group -NN=O.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic nitrogen compounds
ClassOrganonitrogen compounds
Sub ClassOrganic nitroso compounds
Direct ParentOrganic N-nitroso compounds
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Organic n-nitroso compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological Roles
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
AppearanceYellow liquid. (6)
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point< 25°C
Boiling Point154 °C
Solubility1000 mg/mL at 24°C
LogP-0.57
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility106 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.53ALOGPS
logP0.039ChemAxon
logS0.15ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)3.52ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area32.67 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity20.05 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability7.12 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-6d29f9f7a8384c52f7b52017-09-01View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-2df59bc19d1d155924672017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-744c0a10617e87137cd52017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-f3f3d5174fd1edee28a62017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-f3f3d5174fd1edee28a62017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-2df59bc19d1d155924672017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-4d289a54c5a2591daa332017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 90V, Positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-5a8fb7bb4f334a3f84452021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 45V, Positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-d0dbc7bf8508475d923d2021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 75V, Positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-744c0a10617e87137cd52021-09-20View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-05b7b59e6e0b8b9fc2452016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-3910f1d3f8050d839f822016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-004l-9000000000-4ab1e2e6522e0f1a2eb32016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-00di-9000000000-eea50ce8e07045a0ad142016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-00di-9000000000-fed38e3c1ad8e9420fd62016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-05fr-9000000000-0d360c627861df90248b2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-00di-9000000000-87753cf4baa848fb88032021-09-23View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-00di-9000000000-87753cf4baa848fb88032021-09-23View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-05fu-9000000000-fa476a49943ea98d47ff2021-09-23View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-777dda7ebfc4febb21662021-09-25View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-19ff9f5df3b310d929a02021-09-25View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-002f-9000000000-876fe1a3967818d2717c2021-09-25View Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-00dl-9000000000-25a83bcedddadb3e2b4e2014-09-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)Not Available2014-09-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25.16 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)Not Available2014-09-23View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not Available2021-09-16View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not Available2021-09-16View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not Available2021-09-16View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not Available2021-09-16View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not Available2021-09-16View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not Available2021-09-16View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not Available2021-09-16View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not Available2021-09-16View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not Available2021-09-16View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not Available2021-09-16View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not Available2021-09-16View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not Available2021-09-16View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not Available2021-09-16View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not Available2021-09-16View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not Available2021-09-16View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not Available2021-09-16View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not Available2021-09-16View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not Available2021-09-16View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not Available2021-09-16View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Not Available2021-09-16View Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureOral (6) ; inhalation (6) ; dermal (6)
Mechanism of ToxicityThe mechanism of NDMAinduced liver toxicity is not clearly understood but may be related to alkylation of cellular protein. (6)
MetabolismEvidence from in vitro and in vivo studies with rodents indicates that NDMA is metabolized by hydroxylation of the alpha-carbon, followed by formation of formaldehyde, molecular nitrogen and a methylating agent, which is considered to be the carcinogenic form. Recent evidence suggests that a significant proportion of NDMA is metabolized via a denitrosation mechanism. (6)
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. (7)
Uses/SourcesThe general population might be exposed to NDMA from a wide variety of sources, including environmental, consumer, and occupational sources. The primary sources of human exposure to NDMA are tobacco smoke, chewing tobacco, diet (cured meats [particularly bacon], beer, fish, cheese, and other food items), toiletry and cosmetic products (for example, shampoos and cleansers), interior air of cars, and various other household goods, such as detergents and pesticides. In addition, NDMA can form in the stomach during digestion of alkylamine-containing foods. Alkylamines are naturally occurring compounds which are found in some drugs and in a variety of foods. Infants may be exposed to NDMA from the use of rubber baby bottle nipples and pacifiers which may contain very small amounts of NDMA, from ingestion of contaminated infant formulas, and from breast milk of some nursing mothers. Very low levels of NDMA have been found in some samples of human breast milk. Occupational exposure may happen in a large number of places including industries such as tanneries, pesticide manufacturing plants, rubber and tire manufacturing plants, alkylamine manufacture/use industries, fish processing industries, foundries, and dye manufacturing plants. Researchers making or handling NDMA may also be exposed to this compound if it passes through the rubber gloves they wear during laboratory work. (6)
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsNDMA is very harmful to the liver of animals and humans. Moreover, although there are no reports of NDMA causing cancer in humans, it is reasonable to expect that exposure to NDMA by eating, drinking, or breathing could also cause cancer in humans. (6)
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDHMDB31419
PubChem Compound ID6124
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL117311
ChemSpider ID5894
KEGG IDC14704
UniProt IDNot Available
OMIM ID
ChEBI ID35807
BioCyc IDNot Available
CTD IDD004128
Stitch IDn-Nitrosodimethylamine
PDB IDNot Available
ACToR ID1050
Wikipedia LinkN-Nitrosodimethylamine
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDST3D0199.pdf
General References
  1. Godoy W, Albano RM, Moraes EG, Pinho PR, Nunes RA, Saito EH, Higa C, Filho IM, Kruel CD, Schirmer CC, Gurski R, Lang MA, Pinto LF: CYP2A6/2A7 and CYP2E1 expression in human oesophageal mucosa: regional and inter-individual variation in expression and relevance to nitrosamine metabolism. Carcinogenesis. 2002 Apr;23(4):611-6. [11960914 ]
  2. Lee MF, Liu ML, Cheng AC, Tsai ML, Ho CT, Liou WS, Pan MH: Pterostilbene inhibits dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Food Chem. 2013 Jun 1;138(2-3):802-7. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.094. Epub 2012 Dec 1. [23411180 ]
  3. Lee MF, Tsai ML, Sun PP, Chien LL, Cheng AC, Ma NJ, Ho CT, Pan MH: Phyto-power dietary supplement potently inhibits dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Food Funct. 2013 Feb 26;4(3):470-5. doi: 10.1039/c2fo30306j. [23291610 ]
  4. Kao HW, Chen CL, Chang WY, Chen JT, Lin WJ, Liu RS, Wang HE: (18)F-FBHGal for asialoglycoprotein receptor imaging in a hepatic fibrosis mouse model. Bioorg Med Chem. 2013 Feb 15;21(4):912-21. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.12.022. Epub 2012 Dec 22. [23321012 ]
  5. Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
  6. ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (1989). Toxicological Profile for n-nitrosodimethylamine. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
  7. International Agency for Research on Cancer (2014). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. [Link]
Gene Regulation
Up-Regulated Genes
GeneGene SymbolGene IDInteractionChromosomeDetails
Down-Regulated Genes
GeneGene SymbolGene IDInteractionChromosomeDetails