626
T3D0625
Fluorene
Fluorene is one of over 100 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning organic substances, such as fossil fuels. They are usually found as a mixture containing two or more of these compounds. (L10)
86-73-7
6853
C13H10
166.078250
Colorless solid.
114.8°C
0.00169 mg/mL at 25°C [MAY,WE & WASIK,SP (1978)]
Oral (L10) ; inhalation (L10)
The ability of PAH's to bind to blood proteins such as albumin allows them to be transported throughout the body. Many PAH's induce the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor or glycine N-methyltransferase protein. These enzymes metabolize PAH's into their toxic intermediates. The reactive metabolites of PAHs (epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations) covalently bind to DNA and other cellular macromolecules, initiating mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. (L10, L23, A27, A32)
PAH metabolism occurs in all tissues, usually by cytochrome P-450 and its associated enzymes. PAHs are metabolized into reactive intermediates, which include epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations. The phenols, quinones, and dihydrodiols can all be conjugated to glucuronides and sulfate esters; the quinones also form glutathione conjugates. (L10)
3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)
PAHs are released into the environment via the combustion of fossil fuels, coke oven emissions and vehicle exhausts, as well as naturally from forest fires and vocanic eruptions. PAHs from these sources may contaminate nearly water systems. They are also found in coal tar and charbroiled food. (L10)
PAHs are carcinogens and have been associated with the increased risk of skin, respiratory tract, bladder, stomach, and kidney cancers. They may also cause reproductive effects and depress the immune system. (L10)
Acute exposure to PAHs causes irritation and inflammation of the skin and lung tissue. (A10)
There is no know antidote for PAHs. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (L10)
2009-03-06T18:59:15Z
2014-12-24T20:22:26Z
Serum albumin (P02768)
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798)
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177)
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (Q16678)
(L23)
C07715
28266
3-4DH3-4DHFLUORENE
C041509
Fluorene
6446
true
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798)
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177)
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (Q16678)
(L23)
Serum albumin (P02768)
(L23)
C1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C12
C13H10
InChI=1S/C13H10/c1-3-7-12-10(5-1)9-11-6-2-4-8-13(11)12/h1-8H,9H2
InChIKey=NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
166.2185
166.07825032
Exogenous
Solid
CHEMBL16236
6592