Silver cyanide (T3D0765)

General Function:

Succinate dehydrogenase activity

Specific Function:

Flavoprotein (FP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q). Can act as a tumor suppressor.

Gene Name:

SDHA

Uniprot ID:

P31040

Molecular Weight:

72690.975 Da

References

1. Ardelt BK, Borowitz JL, Isom GE: Brain lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protectant mechanisms following acute cyanide intoxication. Toxicology. 1989 Jun 1;56(2):147-54. [2734799 ]
2. Bolognesi M, Rosano C, Losso R, Borassi A, Rizzi M, Wittenberg JB, Boffi A, Ascenzi P: Cyanide binding to Lucina pectinata hemoglobin I and to sperm whale myoglobin: an x-ray crystallographic study. Biophys J. 1999 Aug;77(2):1093-9. [10423453 ]

General Function:

Ubiquinone binding

Specific Function:

Iron-sulfur protein (IP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).

Gene Name:

SDHB

Uniprot ID:

P21912

Molecular Weight:

31629.365 Da

References

1. Ardelt BK, Borowitz JL, Isom GE: Brain lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protectant mechanisms following acute cyanide intoxication. Toxicology. 1989 Jun 1;56(2):147-54. [2734799 ]
2. Bolognesi M, Rosano C, Losso R, Borassi A, Rizzi M, Wittenberg JB, Boffi A, Ascenzi P: Cyanide binding to Lucina pectinata hemoglobin I and to sperm whale myoglobin: an x-ray crystallographic study. Biophys J. 1999 Aug;77(2):1093-9. [10423453 ]

General Function:

Metal ion binding

Specific Function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

ALPPL2

Uniprot ID:

P10696

Molecular Weight:

57376.515 Da

References

1. Gerbitz KD: Human alkaline phosphatases. II. Metalloenzyme properties of the enzyme from human liver. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1977 Nov;358(11):1491-7. [924371 ]

General Function:

Pyrophosphatase activity

Specific Function:

This isozyme may play a role in skeletal mineralization.

Gene Name:

ALPL

Uniprot ID:

P05186

Molecular Weight:

57304.435 Da

References

1. Gerbitz KD: Human alkaline phosphatases. II. Metalloenzyme properties of the enzyme from human liver. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1977 Nov;358(11):1491-7. [924371 ]

General Function:

Receptor binding

Specific Function:

Occurs in almost all aerobically respiring organisms and serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. Promotes growth of cells including T-cells, B-cells, myeloid leukemia cells, melanoma cells, mastocytoma cells and normal and transformed fibroblast cells.

Gene Name:

CAT

Uniprot ID:

P04040

Molecular Weight:

59755.82 Da

References

1. Kang YS, Lee DH, Yoon BJ, Oh DC: Purification and characterization of a catalase from photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum S1 grown under anaerobic conditions. J Microbiol. 2006 Apr;44(2):185-91. [16728955 ]

General Function:

Iron ion binding

Specific Function:

Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Subunits 1-3 form the functional core of the enzyme complex. CO I is the catalytic subunit of the enzyme. Electrons originating in cytochrome c are transferred via the copper A center of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the bimetallic center formed by heme A3 and copper B.

Gene Name:

MT-CO1

Uniprot ID:

P00395

Molecular Weight:

57040.91 Da

References

1. Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. [Link]

General Function:

Cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Specific Function:

Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Subunits 1-3 form the functional core of the enzyme complex. Subunit 2 transfers the electrons from cytochrome c via its binuclear copper A center to the bimetallic center of the catalytic subunit 1.

Gene Name:

MT-CO2

Uniprot ID:

P00403

Molecular Weight:

25564.73 Da

References

1. Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. [Link]

General Function:

Cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Specific Function:

Subunits I, II and III form the functional core of the enzyme complex.

Gene Name:

MT-CO3

Uniprot ID:

P00414

Molecular Weight:

29950.6 Da

References

1. Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. [Link]

General Function:

Cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Specific Function:

This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.

Gene Name:

COX4I1

Uniprot ID:

P13073

Molecular Weight:

19576.6 Da

References

1. Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. [Link]

General Function:

Cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Specific Function:

This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.

Gene Name:

COX4I2

Uniprot ID:

Q96KJ9

Molecular Weight:

20010.02 Da

References

1. Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. [Link]

General Function:

Metal ion binding

Specific Function:

This is the heme A-containing chain of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.

Gene Name:

COX5A

Uniprot ID:

P20674

Molecular Weight:

16761.985 Da

References

1. Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. [Link]

General Function:

Metal ion binding

Specific Function:

This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.

Gene Name:

COX5B

Uniprot ID:

P10606

Molecular Weight:

13695.57 Da

References

1. Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. [Link]

General Function:

Cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Specific Function:

This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.

Gene Name:

COX6A1

Uniprot ID:

P12074

Molecular Weight:

12154.8 Da

References

1. Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. [Link]

General Function:

Cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Specific Function:

This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.

Gene Name:

COX6A2

Uniprot ID:

Q02221

Molecular Weight:

10815.32 Da

References

1. Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. [Link]

General Function:

Cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Specific Function:

Connects the two COX monomers into the physiological dimeric form.

Gene Name:

COX6B1

Uniprot ID:

P14854

Molecular Weight:

10192.345 Da

References

1. Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. [Link]

General Function:

Cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Specific Function:

Connects the two COX monomers into the physiological dimeric form.

Gene Name:

COX6B2

Uniprot ID:

Q6YFQ2

Molecular Weight:

10528.905 Da

References

1. Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. [Link]

General Function:

Cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Specific Function:

This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.

Gene Name:

COX6C

Uniprot ID:

P09669

Molecular Weight:

8781.36 Da

References

1. Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. [Link]

General Function:

Cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Specific Function:

This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.

Gene Name:

COX7A1

Uniprot ID:

P24310

Molecular Weight:

9117.44 Da

References

1. Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. [Link]

General Function:

Cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Specific Function:

This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.

Gene Name:

COX7A2

Uniprot ID:

P14406

Molecular Weight:

9395.89 Da

References

1. Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. [Link]

General Function:

Cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Specific Function:

This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport. Plays a role in proper central nervous system (CNS) development in vertebrates.

Gene Name:

COX7B

Uniprot ID:

P24311

Molecular Weight:

9160.485 Da

References

1. Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. [Link]

General Function:

Cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Specific Function:

This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.

Gene Name:

COX7B2

Uniprot ID:

Q8TF08

Molecular Weight:

9077.43 Da

References

1. Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. [Link]

General Function:

Cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Specific Function:

This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.

Gene Name:

COX7C

Uniprot ID:

P15954

Molecular Weight:

7245.45 Da

References

1. Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. [Link]

General Function:

Cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Specific Function:

This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.

Gene Name:

COX8A

Uniprot ID:

P10176

Molecular Weight:

7579.0 Da

References

1. Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. [Link]

General Function:

Cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Specific Function:

This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.

Gene Name:

COX8C

Uniprot ID:

Q7Z4L0

Molecular Weight:

8128.575 Da

References

1. Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. [Link]

General Function:

Glutathione peroxidase activity

Specific Function:

Protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage, by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxide, by glutathione. May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against peroxide damage in sperm membrane lipids.

Gene Name:

GPX5

Uniprot ID:

O75715

Molecular Weight:

25202.14 Da

References

1. Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

Protect the extracellular space from toxic effect of reactive oxygen intermediates by converting superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen.

Gene Name:

SOD3

Uniprot ID:

P08294

Molecular Weight:

25850.675 Da

References

1. Lee WG, Hwang JH, Na BK, Cho JH, Lee HW, Cho SH, Kong Y, Song CY, Kim TS: Functional expression of a recombinant copper/zinc superoxide dismutase of filarial nematode, Brugia malayi. J Parasitol. 2005 Feb;91(1):205-8. [15856906 ]

General Function:

Sh3 domain binding

Specific Function:

Protects the hemoglobin in erythrocytes from oxidative breakdown.

Gene Name:

GPX1

Uniprot ID:

P07203

Molecular Weight:

22087.94 Da

References

1. Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]

General Function:

Glutathione peroxidase activity

Specific Function:

Could play a major role in protecting mammals from the toxicity of ingested organic hydroperoxides. Tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide and linoleic acid hydroperoxide but not phosphatidycholine hydroperoxide, can act as acceptors.

Gene Name:

GPX2

Uniprot ID:

P18283

Molecular Weight:

21953.835 Da

References

1. Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]

General Function:

Transcription factor binding

Specific Function:

Protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage, by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxide, by glutathione.

Gene Name:

GPX3

Uniprot ID:

P22352

Molecular Weight:

25552.185 Da

References

1. Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]

General Function:

Glutathione peroxidase activity

Specific Function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GPX6

Uniprot ID:

P59796

Molecular Weight:

24970.46 Da

References

1. Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]

General Function:

Peroxidase activity

Specific Function:

It protects esophageal epithelia from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. It suppresses acidic bile acid-induced reactive oxigen species (ROS) and protects against oxidative DNA damage and double-strand breaks.

Gene Name:

GPX7

Uniprot ID:

Q96SL4

Molecular Weight:

20995.88 Da

References

1. Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]

General Function:

Nadp binding

Specific Function:

Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol.

Gene Name:

GSR

Uniprot ID:

P00390

Molecular Weight:

56256.565 Da

References

1. Ardelt BK, Borowitz JL, Isom GE: Brain lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protectant mechanisms following acute cyanide intoxication. Toxicology. 1989 Jun 1;56(2):147-54. [2734799 ]

General Function:

Oxygen transporter activity

Specific Function:

Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.

Gene Name:

HBA1

Uniprot ID:

P69905

Molecular Weight:

15257.405 Da

References

1. Bolognesi M, Rosano C, Losso R, Borassi A, Rizzi M, Wittenberg JB, Boffi A, Ascenzi P: Cyanide binding to Lucina pectinata hemoglobin I and to sperm whale myoglobin: an x-ray crystallographic study. Biophys J. 1999 Aug;77(2):1093-9. [10423453 ]

General Function:

Oxygen transporter activity

Specific Function:

Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.LVV-hemorphin-7 potentiates the activity of bradykinin, causing a decrease in blood pressure.Spinorphin: functions as an endogenous inhibitor of enkephalin-degrading enzymes such as DPP3, and as a selective antagonist of the P2RX3 receptor which is involved in pain signaling, these properties implicate it as a regulator of pain and inflammation.

Gene Name:

HBB

Uniprot ID:

P68871

Molecular Weight:

15998.34 Da

References

1. Bolognesi M, Rosano C, Losso R, Borassi A, Rizzi M, Wittenberg JB, Boffi A, Ascenzi P: Cyanide binding to Lucina pectinata hemoglobin I and to sperm whale myoglobin: an x-ray crystallographic study. Biophys J. 1999 Aug;77(2):1093-9. [10423453 ]

General Function:

Phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activity

Specific Function:

Protects cells against membrane lipid peroxidation and cell death. Required for normal sperm development and male fertility. Could play a major role in protecting mammals from the toxicity of ingested lipid hydroperoxides. Essential for embryonic development. Protects from radiation and oxidative damage.

Gene Name:

GPX4

Uniprot ID:

P36969

Molecular Weight:

22174.52 Da

References

1. Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]

General Function:

Peroxidase activity

Specific Function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GPX8

Uniprot ID:

Q8TED1

Molecular Weight:

23880.83 Da

References

1. Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]

General Function:

Cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Specific Function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

COX7A2P2

Uniprot ID:

O60397

Molecular Weight:

11840.715 Da

References

1. Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. [Link]

General Function:

Steroid hormone binding

Specific Function:

This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients.

Gene Name:

ATP1A1

Uniprot ID:

P05023

Molecular Weight:

112895.01 Da

References

1. Bianchini A, Playle RC, Wood CM, Walsh PJ: Mechanism of acute silver toxicity in marine invertebrates. Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Mar 25;72(1-2):67-82. Epub 2004 Dec 29. [15748748 ]

General Function:

Steroid hormone binding

Specific Function:

This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients.

Gene Name:

ATP1A2

Uniprot ID:

P50993

Molecular Weight:

112264.385 Da

References

1. Bianchini A, Playle RC, Wood CM, Walsh PJ: Mechanism of acute silver toxicity in marine invertebrates. Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Mar 25;72(1-2):67-82. Epub 2004 Dec 29. [15748748 ]

General Function:

Steroid hormone binding

Specific Function:

This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients.

Gene Name:

ATP1A3

Uniprot ID:

P13637

Molecular Weight:

111747.51 Da

References

1. Bianchini A, Playle RC, Wood CM, Walsh PJ: Mechanism of acute silver toxicity in marine invertebrates. Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Mar 25;72(1-2):67-82. Epub 2004 Dec 29. [15748748 ]

General Function:

Sodium:potassium-exchanging atpase activity

Specific Function:

This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients. Plays a role in sperm motility.

Gene Name:

ATP1A4

Uniprot ID:

Q13733

Molecular Weight:

114165.44 Da

References

1. Bianchini A, Playle RC, Wood CM, Walsh PJ: Mechanism of acute silver toxicity in marine invertebrates. Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Mar 25;72(1-2):67-82. Epub 2004 Dec 29. [15748748 ]

General Function:

Sodium:potassium-exchanging atpase activity

Specific Function:

This is the non-catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of Na(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. The beta subunit regulates, through assembly of alpha/beta heterodimers, the number of sodium pumps transported to the plasma membrane.Involved in cell adhesion and establishing epithelial cell polarity.

Gene Name:

ATP1B1

Uniprot ID:

P05026

Molecular Weight:

35061.07 Da

References

1. Bianchini A, Playle RC, Wood CM, Walsh PJ: Mechanism of acute silver toxicity in marine invertebrates. Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Mar 25;72(1-2):67-82. Epub 2004 Dec 29. [15748748 ]

General Function:

Sodium:potassium-exchanging atpase activity

Specific Function:

This is the non-catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of Na(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. The exact function of the beta-2 subunit is not known.Mediates cell adhesion of neurons and astrocytes, and promotes neurite outgrowth.

Gene Name:

ATP1B2

Uniprot ID:

P14415

Molecular Weight:

33366.925 Da

References

1. Bianchini A, Playle RC, Wood CM, Walsh PJ: Mechanism of acute silver toxicity in marine invertebrates. Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Mar 25;72(1-2):67-82. Epub 2004 Dec 29. [15748748 ]

General Function:

Sodium:potassium-exchanging atpase activity

Specific Function:

This is the non-catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of Na(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. The exact function of the beta-3 subunit is not known.

Gene Name:

ATP1B3

Uniprot ID:

P54709

Molecular Weight:

31512.34 Da

References

1. Bianchini A, Playle RC, Wood CM, Walsh PJ: Mechanism of acute silver toxicity in marine invertebrates. Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Mar 25;72(1-2):67-82. Epub 2004 Dec 29. [15748748 ]

General Function:

Transporter activity

Specific Function:

May be involved in forming the receptor site for cardiac glycoside binding or may modulate the transport function of the sodium ATPase.

Gene Name:

FXYD2

Uniprot ID:

P54710

Molecular Weight:

7283.265 Da

References

1. Bianchini A, Playle RC, Wood CM, Walsh PJ: Mechanism of acute silver toxicity in marine invertebrates. Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Mar 25;72(1-2):67-82. Epub 2004 Dec 29. [15748748 ]

General Function:

Ubiquinone binding

Specific Function:

Membrane-anchoring subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).

Gene Name:

SDHD

Uniprot ID:

O14521

Molecular Weight:

17042.82 Da

References

1. Ardelt BK, Borowitz JL, Isom GE: Brain lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protectant mechanisms following acute cyanide intoxication. Toxicology. 1989 Jun 1;56(2):147-54. [2734799 ]

General Function:

Succinate dehydrogenase activity

Specific Function:

Membrane-anchoring subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).

Gene Name:

SDHC

Uniprot ID:

Q99643

Molecular Weight:

18610.03 Da

References

1. Ardelt BK, Borowitz JL, Isom GE: Brain lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protectant mechanisms following acute cyanide intoxication. Toxicology. 1989 Jun 1;56(2):147-54. [2734799 ]

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.

Gene Name:

SOD1

Uniprot ID:

P00441

Molecular Weight:

15935.685 Da

References

1. Lee WG, Hwang JH, Na BK, Cho JH, Lee HW, Cho SH, Kong Y, Song CY, Kim TS: Functional expression of a recombinant copper/zinc superoxide dismutase of filarial nematode, Brugia malayi. J Parasitol. 2005 Feb;91(1):205-8. [15856906 ]

General Function:

Protein homodimerization activity

Specific Function:

This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds. Catalyzes the rate-limiting conversions of tyrosine to DOPA, DOPA to DOPA-quinone and possibly 5,6-dihydroxyindole to indole-5,6 quinone.

Gene Name:

TYR

Uniprot ID:

P14679

Molecular Weight:

60392.69 Da

References

1. Laufer Z, Beckett RP, Minibayeva FV: Co-occurrence of the multicopper oxidases tyrosinase and laccase in lichens in sub-order peltigerineae. Ann Bot. 2006 Nov;98(5):1035-42. Epub 2006 Sep 1. [16950829 ]

General Function:

Xanthine oxidase activity

Specific Function:

Key enzyme in purine degradation. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine. Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Has also low oxidase activity towards aldehydes (in vitro).

Gene Name:

XDH

Uniprot ID:

P47989

Molecular Weight:

146422.99 Da

References

1. Bolognesi M, Rosano C, Losso R, Borassi A, Rizzi M, Wittenberg JB, Boffi A, Ascenzi P: Cyanide binding to Lucina pectinata hemoglobin I and to sperm whale myoglobin: an x-ray crystallographic study. Biophys J. 1999 Aug;77(2):1093-9. [10423453 ]

General Function:

Used for biological information storage.

Specific Function:

DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce.

Molecular Weight:

2.15 x 10¹² Da