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Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2009-06-17 23:53:04 UTC
Update Date2014-12-24 20:23:01 UTC
Accession NumberT3D0988
Identification
Common NameMolinate
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionMolinate is a selective herbicide which belongs to the thiocarbamate chemical class. It is used to control weeds in rice paddies (1, 4, 6, 8). It is toxic to germinating broad-leafed and grassy weeds. Thiocarbamates are mainly used in agriculture as insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. Additional uses are as biocides for industrial or other commercial applications, and in household products. Some are used for vector control in public health. Thiocarbamates are mostly liquids or solids with low melting points.
Compound Type
  • Amine
  • Carbamate
  • Ether
  • Herbicide
  • Organic Compound
  • Synthetic Compound
Chemical Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Synonym
1H-Azepine-1-carbothioic acid, hexahydro-, S-ethyl ester
C9H17NOS
Caswell No. 444
Ethyl 1-hexamethyleneiminecarbothiolate
Felan
hexahydro-1H-Azepine-1-carbothioic acid S-ethyl ester
Higalnate
Hydram
Ialan
Jalan
Malerbane giavoni l
Molinate estrella
Molinic acid
Molmate
Ordram
Perhydroazepin-1-carbothioate
S-Ethyl 1-azepanecarbothioate
S-ethyl 1-hexamethylenaminothiocarbamate
S-Ethyl 1-hexamethyleneiminothiocarbamate
S-Ethyl azepane-1-carbothioate
S-ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1- carbothioate
S-Ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate
S-Ethyl Hexahydroazepine-1-carbothioate
S-Ethyl perhydroazepin-1-carbothioate
S-Ethyl perhydroazepine-1-thiocarboxylate
S-ethyl-n,n-hexamethylenethiocarbamate
S-ethyl-n-hexamethylenethiocarbamate
Sakkimol
Stauffer R-4,572
Yalan
Yulan
Chemical FormulaC9H17NOS
Average Molecular Mass187.302 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass187.103 g/mol
CAS Registry Number2212-67-1
IUPAC Nameazepan-1-yl(ethylsulfanyl)methanone
Traditional Namejalan
SMILESCCSC(=O)N1CCCCCC1
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C9H17NOS/c1-2-12-9(11)10-7-5-3-4-6-8-10/h2-8H2,1H3
InChI KeyInChIKey=DEDOPGXGGQYYMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as azepanes. These are organic compounds containing a saturated seven member heterocycle, with one nitrogen atom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassAzepanes
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentAzepanes
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Azepane
  • Thiocarbamic acid derivative
  • Carbonic acid derivative
  • Azacycle
  • Sulfenyl compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organosulfur compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
AppearanceColorless liquid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point< 25°C
Boiling PointNot Available
Solubility0.97 mg/mL at 25°C [WAUCHOPE,RD et al. (1991A)]
LogPNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1.47 g/LALOGPS
logP2.56ALOGPS
logP2.34ChemAxon
logS-2.1ALOGPS
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area20.31 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity53.72 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability20.92 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-01p9-6900000000-b3c2a75d935df1d1be7c2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-004i-5900000000-d6cada5018419be97a952016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-052f-9000000000-de72486ebbc5c448629d2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-000i-4900000000-79d54c82d132167d1ea72016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-022a-9700000000-a3cc271200b204afd2772016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0002-9200000000-1bd6a1943e7f5af522302016-08-03View Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-056r-9500000000-8c9c56e5a4f9afc1a28a2014-09-20View Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureInhalation (1) ; oral (1); dermal (1)
Mechanism of ToxicitySome thiocarbamates (EPTC, Molinate, Pebulate, and Cycloate) share a common mechanism of toxicity, i.e. the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. An acetylcholinesterase inhibitor suppresses the action of acetylcholine esterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholine esterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop.
MetabolismAs a general rule, thiocarbamates can be absorbed via the skin, mucous membranes, and the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. They are eliminated quite rapidly, mainly via expired air and urine. Two major pathways exist for the metabolism of thiocarbamates in mammals. One is via sulfoxidation and conjugation with glutathione. The conjugation product is then cleaved to a cysteine derivative, which is metabolized to a mercapturic acid compound. The second route is oxidation of the sulfur to a sulfoxide, which is then oxidized to a sulfone, or hydroxylation to compounds that enter the carbon metabolic pool.
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesThiocarbamates are widely used throughout the world and are produced in great quantities, mainly as herbicides and fungicides.
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsData concerning the effects of thiocarbamates on man are scarce. However, cases of irritation and sensitization have been observed among agricultural workers. Some thiocarbamates, e.g., molinate, have an effect on sperm morphology and, consequently, on reproduction. However, no teratogenic effects have been observed. The results of mutagenicity studies have shown that thiocarbamates containing dichloroallyl groups are highly mutagenic. Some thiocarbamates are acetylcholine esterase inhibitors. Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved.
SymptomsAs with organophosphates, the signs and symptoms are based on excessive cholinergic stimulation. Unlike organophosphate poisoning, carbamate poisonings tend to be of shorter duration because the inhibition of nervous tissue acetylcholinesterase is reversible, and carbamates are more rapidly metabolized. Muscle weakness, dizziness, sweating and slight body discomfort are commonly reported early symptoms. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Contraction of the pupils with blurred vision, incoordination, muscle twitching and slurred speech have been reported. (2)
TreatmentTreatment of carbamate poisoning is similar to that of organophosphate poisoning in that atropine sulfate injections readily reverse the effects. For acute exposures and first aid: EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDNot Available
PubChem Compound ID16653
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL1865916
ChemSpider ID15790
KEGG IDC11086
UniProt IDNot Available
OMIM ID
ChEBI IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
CTD IDC009821
Stitch IDMolinate
PDB IDNot Available
ACToR ID6487
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDST3D0988.pdf
General References
  1. IPCS Intox Database (1987). Antimony pentoxide. [Link]
  2. Fishel F (2009). Pesticide Toxicity Profile: Carbamate Pesticides. University of Florida, IFAS Extension. [Link]
Gene Regulation
Up-Regulated GenesNot Available
Down-Regulated GenesNot Available

Targets

General Function:
Serine hydrolase activity
Specific Function:
Terminates signal transduction at the neuromuscular junction by rapid hydrolysis of the acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft. Role in neuronal apoptosis.
Gene Name:
ACHE
Uniprot ID:
P22303
Molecular Weight:
67795.525 Da
References
  1. Fishel F (2009). Pesticide Toxicity Profile: Carbamate Pesticides. University of Florida, IFAS Extension. [Link]
General Function:
Identical protein binding
Specific Function:
Esterase with broad substrate specificity. Contributes to the inactivation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Can degrade neurotoxic organophosphate esters.
Gene Name:
BCHE
Uniprot ID:
P06276
Molecular Weight:
68417.575 Da
References
  1. Fishel F (2009). Pesticide Toxicity Profile: Carbamate Pesticides. University of Florida, IFAS Extension. [Link]
General Function:
Not Available
Specific Function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
CCL2
Uniprot ID:
P13500
Molecular Weight:
11024.87 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
AC501.48 uMBSK_SM3C_MCP1_downBioSeek
References
  1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
General Function:
Transmembrane signaling receptor activity
Specific Function:
Involved in lymphocyte proliferation and functions as a signal transmitting receptor in lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and platelets.
Gene Name:
CD69
Uniprot ID:
Q07108
Molecular Weight:
22559.25 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
AC501.48 uMBSK_SAg_CD69_downBioSeek
References
  1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
General Function:
Type iii transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
Specific Function:
Multifunctional protein that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGFB1 and have specific receptors for it. It positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. It plays an important role in bone remodeling as it is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts. Can promote either T-helper 17 cells (Th17) or regulatory T-cells (Treg) lineage differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. At high concentrations, leads to FOXP3-mediated suppression of RORC and down-regulation of IL-17 expression, favoring Treg cell development. At low concentrations in concert with IL-6 and IL-21, leads to expression of the IL-17 and IL-23 receptors, favoring differentiation to Th17 cells.
Gene Name:
TGFB1
Uniprot ID:
P01137
Molecular Weight:
44340.685 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
AC501.48 uMBSK_BE3C_TGFb1_downBioSeek
References
  1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
General Function:
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase.
Gene Name:
CYP2B6
Uniprot ID:
P20813
Molecular Weight:
56277.81 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
AC502.92 uMCLZD_CYP2B6_6CellzDirect
AC503.12 uMCLZD_CYP2B6_24CellzDirect
AC502.11 uMCLZD_CYP2B6_48CellzDirect
References
  1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
General Function:
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide (PubMed:11159812). Catalyzes 4-beta-hydroxylation of cholesterol. May catalyze 25-hydroxylation of cholesterol in vitro (PubMed:21576599).
Gene Name:
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID:
P08684
Molecular Weight:
57342.67 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
AC506.28 uMCLZD_CYP3A4_48CellzDirect
References
  1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]