1285
T3D1281
Dimethyltin bis(isooctyl mercaptoacetate)
Dimethyltin bis(isooctyl mercaptoacetate) is an organotin compound. Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50. It is a natural component of the earth's crust and is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where it occurs as tin dioxide. (L307, L309)
26636-01-1
22833324
C22H44O4S2Sn
556.170300
White powder.
Oral (L308) ; inhalation (L308) ; dermal (L308)
Organotin compounds produce neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects. Organotins may directly activate glial cells contributing to neuronal cell degeneration by local release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-_, and/or interleukins. They may also induce apoptosis by direct action on neuronal cells. Organotin compounds stimulate the neuronal release of and/or decrease of neuronal cell uptake of neurotransmitters in brain tissue, including aspartate, GABA, glutamate, norepinephrine, and serotonin. This may be either a contributing factor to or result of the neuronal cell loss. The immunotoxic effects of organotins are characterized by thymic atrophy caused by the suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes and apoptosis of mature thymocytes. Organotin compounds are believed to exert these effects by suppressing DNA and protein synthesis, inducing the expression of genes involved in apoptosis (such as nur77), and disrupting the regulation of intracellular calcium levels, giving rise to the uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species, release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and the proteolytic and nucleolytic cascade of apoptosis. The suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes further results in the suppression of T-cell-mediated immune responses. Organotins are also endocrine disruptors and are believed to contribute to obesity by inappropriate receptor activation, leading to adipocyte differentiation. Inorganic tin triggers eryptosis, contributing to tin-induced anemia. (L308, A182, A184)
Though tin metal is very poorly absorbed, tin compounds may be absorbed via oral, inhalation, or dermal routes, with organotin compounds being much more readily absorbed than inorganic tin compounds. Tin may enter the bloodstream and bind to hemoglobin, where it is distributed and accumulates mainly in the kidney, liver, lung, and bone. Organotin compounds may undergo dealkylation, hydroxylation, dearylation, and oxidation catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the liver. The alkyl products of dealkylation are conjugated with glutathione and further metabolized to mercapturic acid derivatives. Tin and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine and feces. (L308)
LD50: 1380 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T59)
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Breathing or swallowing, or skin contact with organotins, can interfere with the way the brain and nervous system work, causing death in severe cases. Organic tin compounds may also damage the immune and reproductive system. (L307, L308)
Inorganic or organic tin compounds placed on the skin or in the eyes can produce skin and eye irritation. (L308)
2009-06-19T21:58:33Z
2014-12-24T20:23:33Z
Hemoglobin subunit alpha (P69905)
Hemoglobin subunit beta (P68871)
Hemoglobin subunit gamma-1 (P69891)
Hemoglobin subunit gamma-2 (P69892)
Hemoglobin subunit delta (P02042)
Hemoglobin subunit epsilon (P02100)
Hemoglobin subunit theta-1 (P09105)
Hemoglobin subunit zeta (P02008)
Hemoglobin subunit mu (Q6B0K9)
Cytochrome P450 2C6 (P05178)
(L308)
Dimethyltin bis(isooctyl mercaptoacetate)
true
Cytochrome P450 2C6 (P05178)
(L308)
Hemoglobin subunit alpha (P69905)
Hemoglobin subunit beta (P68871)
Hemoglobin subunit gamma-1 (P69891)
Hemoglobin subunit gamma-2 (P69892)
Hemoglobin subunit delta (P02042)
Hemoglobin subunit epsilon (P02100)
Hemoglobin subunit theta-1 (P09105)
Hemoglobin subunit zeta (P02008)
Hemoglobin subunit mu (Q6B0K9)
(L308
CC(C)CCCCCOC(=O)CS[Sn](C)(C)SCC(=O)OCCCCCC(C)C
C22H44O4S2Sn
InChI=1S/2C10H20O2S.2CH3.Sn/c2*1-9(2)6-4-3-5-7-12-10(11)8-13;;;/h2*9,13H,3-8H2,1-2H3;2*1H3;/q;;;;+2/p-2
InChIKey=IRFPIPNMASANJY-UHFFFAOYSA-L
555.42
556.170297847
Exogenous
Solid
17215445