1666
T3D1662
Isophorone diisocyanate
Isophorone diisocyanate, also known as IPDI, is a chemical compound of cyanide and an aliphatic diisocyanate. Aliphatic diisocyanates are used in special applications, such as enamel coatings which are resistant to abrasion and degradation from ultraviolet light. These properties are particularly desirable in, for instance, the exterior paint applied to aircraft. (L574)
4098-71-9
169132
C12H18N2O2
222.136830
Colorless liquid.
158-159°C at 1.50E+01 mm Hg
Oral (L96) ; inhalation (L96) ; dermal (L96)
Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)
Cyanide is rapidly alsorbed through oral, inhalation, and dermal routes and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is mainly metabolized into thiocyanate by either rhodanese or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L96)
LD50: 1060 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit) (T14)
LD50: >1000 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T20)
LC50: 123 mg/m3 over 4 hours (Inhalation, Rat) (T20)
200 to 300 milligrams for an adult human (cyanide salts). (T86)
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Aliphatic diisocyanates are used in special applications, such as enamel coatings which are resistant to abrasion and degradation from ultraviolet light. These properties are particularly desirable in, for instance, the exterior paint applied to aircraft. (L574)
Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)
Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (L96, L97)
Antidotes to cyanide poisoning include hydroxocobalamin and sodium nitrite, which release the cyanide from the cytochrome system, and rhodanase, which is an enzyme occurring naturally in mammals that combines serum cyanide with thiosulfate, producing comparatively harmless thiocyanate. Oxygen therapy can also be administered. (L97)
2009-06-22T16:08:24Z
2014-12-24T20:24:24Z
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (Q16762)
3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (P25325)
(L96)
53214
C015301
Isophorone diisocyanate
4098
true
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (Q16762)
3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (P25325)
(L96)
CC1(C)CC(CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1)N=C=O
C12H18N2O2
InChI=1S/C12H18N2O2/c1-11(2)4-10(14-9-16)5-12(3,6-11)7-13-8-15/h10H,4-7H2,1-3H3
InChIKey=NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
222.2835
222.13682783
Exogenous
Liquid
CHEMBL1509442
147926