| Record Information |
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| Version | 2.0 |
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| Creation Date | 2009-06-22 16:08:41 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2014-12-24 20:24:43 UTC |
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| Accession Number | T3D1839 |
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| Identification |
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| Common Name | Sodium selenite |
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| Class | Small Molecule |
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| Description | Sodium selenite is a chemical compound of sodium and selenium. It is the most common water-soluble form of selenium. Together with the related barium and zinc salts, sodium selenite is mainly used in the manufacture of colorless glass. Its pink coloration cancels out the green color imparted by iron impurities. Selenium is a nonmetal element with the atomic number 34 and the chemical symbol Se. Selenium rarely occurs in its elemental state in nature and is usually found in sulfide ores such as pyrite, partially replacing the sulfur in the ore matrix. It may also be found in silver, copper, lead, and nickel minerals. Though selenium salts are toxic in large amounts, trace amounts of the element are necessary for cellular function in most animals, forming the active center of the enzymes glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, and three known deiodinase enzymes. (4, 5) |
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| Compound Type | - Industrial/Workplace Toxin
- Inorganic Compound
- Pollutant
- Selenium Compound
- Synthetic Compound
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| Chemical Structure | |
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| Synonyms | | Synonym | | Disodium selenite | | Disodium selenium trioxide | | H2-O3-Se.1/2Na | | Natriumselenit | | Selenious acid (H2seo3), disodium salt | | Selenious acid, disodium salt | | Sodium selenite pentahydrate | | Sodium selenite, anhydr |
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| Chemical Formula | Na2O3Se |
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| Average Molecular Mass | 172.940 g/mol |
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| Monoisotopic Mass | 173.881 g/mol |
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| CAS Registry Number | 10102-18-8 |
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| IUPAC Name | disodium selenite |
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| Traditional Name | disodium selenite |
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| SMILES | [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/2Na.H2O3Se/c;;1-4(2)3/h;;(H2,1,2,3)/q2*+1;/p-2 |
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| InChI Key | InChIKey=BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as alkali metal selenites. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is selenite, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is an alkali metal. |
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| Kingdom | Inorganic compounds |
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| Super Class | Mixed metal/non-metal compounds |
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| Class | Alkali metal oxoanionic compounds |
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| Sub Class | Alkali metal selenites |
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| Direct Parent | Alkali metal selenites |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Alkali metal selenite
- Inorganic sodium salt
- Inorganic oxide
- Inorganic salt
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| Molecular Framework | Not Available |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Status | Detected and Not Quantified |
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| Origin | Exogenous |
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| Cellular Locations | |
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| Biofluid Locations | Not Available |
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| Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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| Pathways | Not Available |
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| Applications | Not Available |
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| Biological Roles | Not Available |
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| Chemical Roles | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Appearance | White crystals. |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | | Solubility | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| Spectra |
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| Spectra | | Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | View |
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| Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-00di-0900000000-57d63483e7bf17a35250 | 2019-02-22 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-00di-0900000000-89eda8dae9a313d62146 | 2019-02-22 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-00di-3900000000-a3a84418c0d31d3301fd | 2019-02-22 | View Spectrum |
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| Toxicity Profile |
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| Route of Exposure | Oral (3) ; inhalation (3) ; dermal (3) |
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| Mechanism of Toxicity | Selenium readily substitutes for sulfur in biomolecules and in many biochemical reactions, especially when the concentration of selenium is high and the concentration of sulfur is low. Inactivation of the sulfhydryl enzymes necessary for oxidative reactions in cellular respiration, through effects on mitochondrial and microsomal electron transport, might contribute to acute selenium toxicity. Selenomethionine (a common organic selenium compound) also appears to randomly substitute for methionine in protein synthesis. This substitution may affect the structure and functionability of the protein, for example, by altering disulfide bridges. Inorganic forms of selenium appear to react with tissue thiols by redox catalysis, resulting in formation of reactive oxygen species and causing damage by oxidative stress. (3) |
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| Metabolism | Selenium may be absorbed through inhalation and ingestion, while some selenium compounds may also be absorbed dermally. Once in the body, selenium is distributed mainly to the liver and kidney. Selenium is an essential micronutrient and is a component of glutathione peroxidase, iodothyronine 5'-deiodinases, and thioredoxin reductase. Organic selenium is first metabolized into inorganic selenium. Inorganic selenium is reduced stepwise to the intermediate hydrogen selenide, which is either incorporated into selenoproteins after being transformed to selenophosphate and selenocysteinyl tRNA or excreted into the urine after being transformed into methylated metabolites of selenide. Elemental selenium is also methylated before excretion. Selenium is primarily eliminated in the urine and feces, but certain selenium compounds may also be exhaled. (3) |
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| Toxicity Values | LD50: 7 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (6)
LD50: 3 mg/kg (Intravenous, Rat) (6) |
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| Lethal Dose | Not Available |
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| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | 3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (2) |
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| Uses/Sources | Sodium selenite is mainly used in the manufacture of colorless glass. Its pink coloration cancels out the green color imparted by iron impurities. (5) |
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| Minimum Risk Level | Chronic Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (1) |
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| Health Effects | Chronic oral exposure to high concentrations of selenium compounds can produce a disease called selenosis. The major signs of selenosis are hair loss, nail brittleness, and neurological abnormalities (such as numbness and other odd sensations in the extremities). Animal studies have shown that selenium may also affect sperm production and the female reproductive cycle. (3) |
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| Symptoms | Short-term oral exposure to high concentrations of selenium may cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Brief exposures to high levels of elemental selenium or selenium dioxide in air can result in respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, difficulty breathing, and stomach pains. Longer-term exposure to either of these air-borne forms can cause respiratory irritation, bronchial spasms, and coughing. (3) |
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| Treatment | EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration. |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| HMDB ID | Not Available |
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| PubChem Compound ID | 24934 |
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| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL112302 |
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| ChemSpider ID | 23308 |
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| KEGG ID | C18385 |
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| UniProt ID | Not Available |
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| OMIM ID | |
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| ChEBI ID | 48843 |
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| BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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| CTD ID | D018038 |
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| Stitch ID | Sodium selenite |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ACToR ID | 7524 |
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| Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| MSDS | T3D1839.pdf |
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| General References | - ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2001). Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) for Hazardous Substances. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (2014). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. [Link]
- ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2003). Toxicological profile for selenium. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
- Wikipedia. Selenium. Last Updated 7 June 2009. [Link]
- Wikipedia. Sodium selenite. Last Updated 25 May 2009. [Link]
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory of Oxford University (2005). Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for sodium selenite. [Link]
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| Gene Regulation |
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