T3DB: Psilocin

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Identification Taxonomy Biological Properties Physical Properties Toxicity Profile Spectra Concentrations Links References Gene Regulation Targets (3)XML

Targets (3)

Record Information

Version

2.0

Creation Date

2009-07-03 21:03:18 UTC

Update Date

2014-12-24 20:25:31 UTC

Accession Number

T3D2458

Identification

Common Name

Psilocin

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Psilocin (4-OH-DMT), an aromatic compound, sometimes also spelled psilocine, psilocyn, or psilotsin, is a psychedelic mushroom alkaloid. It is found in most psychedelic mushrooms together with its phosphorylated counterpart psilocybin. Psilocin is a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. The mind-altering effects of psilocin are highly variable and subjective, but resemble those caused by LSD and mescaline. The effects typically last anywhere from three to eight hours depending on certain variables (such as metabolism, food interaction); however the effects can seem to last much longer due to psilocin's ability to distort the perception of time. Sulfur analogs are known with a benzothienyl replacement as well as 4-SH-DMT. N1-methylpsilocin is a functionally 5-HT2C receptor preferring agonists. 4-fluoro-N,N-dimethyltryptamine is known. O-Acetylpsilocin is an acetylized analog of psilocin, also known as 4-AcO-DMT. Additionally, substitution of a methyl group at the dimethylated nitrogen with an isopropyl or ethyl group yields 4-HO-MIPT (4-Hydroxy-N-Methyl-N-Isopropyltryptamine) and 4-HO-MET (4-Hydroxy-N-Methyl-N-Ethyltryptamine), respectively.

Compound Type

Amine
Food Toxin
Fungal Toxin
Metabolite
Mycotoxin
Natural Compound
Organic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Synonym
3-(2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl)indol-4-ol
3-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-Indol-4-ol
3-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]-Indol-4-ol
4-Hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine
N,N-Dimethyl-4-Hydroxytryptamine
Psilocine
Psilotsin

Chemical Formula

C₁₂H₁₆N₂O

Average Molecular Mass

204.268 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

204.126 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

520-53-6

IUPAC Name

3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-4-ol

Traditional Name

psilocin

SMILES

CN(C)CCC1=CNC2=C1C(O)=CC=C2

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C12H16N2O/c1-14(2)7-6-9-8-13-10-4-3-5-11(15)12(9)10/h3-5,8,13,15H,6-7H2,1-2H3

InChI Key

InChIKey=SPCIYGNTAMCTRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tryptamines and derivatives. Tryptamines and derivatives are compounds containing the tryptamine backbone, which is structurally characterized by an indole ring substituted at the 3-position by an ethanamine.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organoheterocyclic compounds

Class

Indoles and derivatives

Sub Class

Tryptamines and derivatives

Direct Parent

Tryptamines and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Tryptamine
Hydroxyindole
3-alkylindole
Indole
Alkaloid or derivatives
1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
Aralkylamine
Substituted pyrrole
Benzenoid
Pyrrole
Heteroaromatic compound
Tertiary aliphatic amine
Tertiary amine
Azacycle
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxygen compound
Amine
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Organic nitrogen compound
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds

External Descriptors

tertiary amino compound (CHEBI:8613 )
tryptamine alkaloid (CHEBI:8613 )
hydroxyindoles (CHEBI:8613 )
Alkaloids (C08312 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Pathways

Not Available

Applications

Biological Roles

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	174.5°C
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	Not Available
LogP	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	4.08 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	1.98	ALOGPS
logP	1.15	ChemAxon
logS	-1.7	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	8.97	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	9.78	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	2	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	39.26 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	3	ChemAxon
Refractivity	62.42 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	23.11 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	2	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-62ea72268c3ac8349f99	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-62ea72268c3ac8349f99	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0a4i-9200000000-4cca4e47c3bcf0ef37fc	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0a4i-9030000000-8686b03317e1e073c475	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-0390000000-30b1cea064c20727c677	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-08fr-0940000000-3d03cc820b34ad7de95c	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-01qa-2900000000-6a888d817b451f311e43	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0udi-0090000000-b5141a6d394f0df7c3ea	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0udi-1290000000-19a265b5ec7903ebc866	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-052f-5900000000-47f31324e343d436c5c1	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-0190000000-f79ac11f836485a9a33e	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0bt9-3960000000-13e401841c5ab05a231a	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-9300000000-3a3674a946d2718b7443	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0udi-0090000000-32999cb59116f2b8b325	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0udi-0890000000-c3fa63e2f7ddbfec26ec	JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0006-0900000000-f18009588fc5bfaa3db9	JSpectraViewer
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-0a4i-9110000000-58fd69735c607f0dbac4	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure

Oral, dermal, inhalation, and parenteral (contaminated drugs). (1)

Mechanism of Toxicity

Psilocin acts as a partial agonist at the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor in the brain where it mimics the effects of serotonin (5-HT). It is an 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A/2C agonist. (2)

Metabolism

Not Available

Toxicity Values

Not Available

Lethal Dose

Not Available

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Uses/Sources

Psilocin is a psychedelic (hallucinogenic) mushroom alkaloid. It is found in most psychedelic mushrooms together with its phosphorylated counterpart psilocybin. Psilocin is the pharmacologically active agent in the body after ingestion of psilocybin or psychedelic mushrooms. (2)

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Health Effects

Psilocin is neurotoxic and can cause hallucinations. (2)

Symptoms

Psilocin may cause tachycardia, dilated pupils, restlessness or arousal, euphoria, open and closed eye visuals, synesthesia, increased body temperature, headache, sweating and chills, and nausea. (2)

Treatment

Not Available

Normal Concentrations

Not Available

Abnormal Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

Not Available

HMDB ID

PubChem Compound ID

ChEMBL ID

ChemSpider ID

KEGG ID

UniProt ID

Not Available

OMIM ID

ChEBI ID

8613

BioCyc ID

Not Available

CTD ID

C009105

Stitch ID

Psilocin

PDB ID

Not Available

ACToR ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Psilocin

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

MSDS

T3D2458.pdf

General References

Peraica M, Domijan AM: Contamination of food with mycotoxins and human health. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2001 Mar;52(1):23-35. [11370295 ]
Wikipedia. Psilocin. Last Updated 22 July 2009. [Link]
Wikipedia. Mushroom poisoning. Last Updated 10 August 2009. [Link]

Gene Regulation

Up-Regulated Genes

Not Available

Down-Regulated Genes

Not Available

Targets

Target Details

1. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A

General Function:: Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:: G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity and activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that regulates the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Plays a role in the regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine release and in the regulation of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism. Plays a role in the regulation of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in the brain, and thereby affects neural activity, mood and behavior. Plays a role in the response to anxiogenic stimuli.
Gene Name:: HTR1A
Uniprot ID:: P08908
Molecular Weight:: 46106.335 Da

References

Wikipedia. Psilocin. Last Updated 22 July 2009. [Link]

Target Details

2. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A

General Function:: Virus receptor activity
Specific Function:: G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including mescaline, psilocybin, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling activates phospholipase C and a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and promotes the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Affects neural activity, perception, cognition and mood. Plays a role in the regulation of behavior, including responses to anxiogenic situations and psychoactive substances. Plays a role in intestinal smooth muscle contraction, and may play a role in arterial vasoconstriction.(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for human JC polyomavirus/JCPyV.
Gene Name:: HTR2A
Uniprot ID:: P28223
Molecular Weight:: 52602.58 Da

References

Wikipedia. Psilocin. Last Updated 22 July 2009. [Link]

Target Details

3. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C

General Function:: Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:: G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including ergot alkaloid derivatives, 1-2,5,-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and down-stream signaling cascades and promotes the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Regulates neuronal activity via the activation of short transient receptor potential calcium channels in the brain, and thereby modulates the activation of pro-opiomelacortin neurons and the release of CRH that then regulates the release of corticosterone. Plays a role in the regulation of appetite and eating behavior, responses to anxiogenic stimuli and stress. Plays a role in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.
Gene Name:: HTR2C
Uniprot ID:: P28335
Molecular Weight:: 51820.705 Da

References

Wikipedia. Psilocin. Last Updated 22 July 2009. [Link]

Psilocin (T3D2458)

Structure for T3D2458: Psilocin

Targets

References

References

References