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Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2009-07-06 18:11:33 UTC
Update Date2014-12-24 20:25:46 UTC
Accession NumberT3D2614
Identification
Common NameLeukocidin F
ClassProtein
DescriptionLeukocidin F is a cytotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus. The presence of leukocidins is associated with increased virulence of certain strains (isolates) of Staphylococcus aureus. (3)
Compound Type
  • Amide
  • Amine
  • Bacterial Toxin
  • Natural Compound
  • Organic Compound
  • Protein
Protein StructureT3d2614
Synonyms
Synonym
Gamma-hemolysin
H-gamma-I subunit
Leukocidin F-subunit
LukF
Chemical FormulaNot Available
Average Molecular Mass36566.730 g/mol
CAS Registry Number147096-70-6
SequenceNot Available
Chemical Taxonomy
DescriptionNot Available
KingdomOrganic Compounds
Super ClassOrganic Acids
ClassCarboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Sub ClassAmino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
Direct ParentPeptides
Alternative ParentsNot Available
SubstituentsNot Available
Molecular FrameworkNot Available
External DescriptorsNot Available
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
AppearanceClear solution.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
Solubility>10 mg/mL
LogPNot Available
Predicted PropertiesNot Available
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureIngestion (4) ; inhalation (4) ; dermal (4)
Mechanism of ToxicityLeukocidin S and leukocidin F act together as subunits, assembling in the membrane of host defense cells, particularly white blood cells, monocytes and macrophages. The subunits fit together and form a ring with a central pore through which cell contents leak and which acts as a superantigen. (3)
MetabolismFree toxin may be removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system (primarily the liver and kidneys) or it may be degraded through cellular internalization via the lysosomes. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of digestive enzymes, including several proteases.
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesLeukocidin F is a cytotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus. (3)
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsLeukocidin F is a cytotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus. The presence of leukocidins is associated with increased virulence of certain strains (isolates) of Staphylococcus aureus, and it is the cause of necrotic lesions involving the skin or mucosa, including necrotic hemorrhagic pneumonia. (3)
SymptomsStaphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of staph infections. It can also cause a range of illnesses from minor skin infections, such as pimples, impetigo, boils, cellulitis folliculitis, carbuncles, scalded skin syndrome, and abscesses, to life-threatening diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, Toxic shock syndrome (TSS), and septicemia. (1, 2)
TreatmentThe treatment of choice for S. aureus infection is penicillin, but in most countries, penicillin-resistance is extremely common and first-line therapy is most commonly a penicillinase-resistant penicillin (for example, oxacillin or flucloxacillin). Combination therapy with gentamicin may be used to treat serious infections like endocarditis, but its use is controversial because of the high risk of damage to the kidneys. The duration of treatment depends on the site of infection and on severity. (2)
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDNot Available
PubChem Compound IDNot Available
ChEMBL IDNot Available
ChemSpider IDNot Available
KEGG IDNot Available
UniProt IDP31715
OMIM ID
ChEBI IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
CTD IDNot Available
Stitch IDLeukocidin F
PDB IDNot Available
ACToR IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSNot Available
General References
  1. Wikipedia. Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin. Last Updated 1 June 2009. [Link]
  2. Wikipedia. Staphylococcus aureus. Last Updated 10 August 2009. [Link]
  3. Wikipedia. Panton-Valentine leukocidin. Last Updated 21 May 2009. [Link]
  4. Wikipedia. Bacterial toxin. Last Updated 27 February 2009. [Link]
Gene Regulation
Up-Regulated GenesNot Available
Down-Regulated GenesNot Available