T3DB: Donepezil

Identification Taxonomy Biological Properties Physical Properties Toxicity Profile Spectra Concentrations Links References Gene Regulation Targets (4)XML

Targets (4)

Record Information

Version

2.0

Creation Date

2009-07-21 20:27:48 UTC

Update Date

2014-12-24 20:25:53 UTC

Accession Number

T3D2910

Identification

Common Name

Donepezil

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Donepezil, marketed under the trade name Aricept (Eisai), is a centrally acting reversible acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor. Its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine. It has an oral bioavailability of 100% and easily crosses the blood-brain barrier. Because it has a half life of about 70 hours, it can be taken once a day. Initial dose is 5 mg per day, which can be increased to 10 mg per day after an adjustment period of at least 4 weeks. Donepezil is a centrally acting reversible acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor. Its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine. It is well absorbed in the gut with an oral bioavailability of 100% and easily crosses the blood-brain barrier. Because it has a half life of about 70 hours, it can be taken once a day. Currently, there is no definitive proof that use of donepezil or other similar agents alters the course or progression of Alzheimer's disease. However, 6-12 month controlled studies have shown modest benefits in cognition and/or behavior. Pilot studies have reported that donepezil therapy may potentially have effects on markers of disease progression, such as hippocampal volume. Therefore, many neurologists, psychiatrists, and primary care physicians use donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In 2005, the UK National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) withdrew its recommendation for use of the drug for mild-to-moderate AD, on the basis that there is no significant improvement in functional outcome; Currently, there is no definitive proof that use of donepezil or other similar agents alters the course or progression of Alzheimer's disease. However, 6-12 month controlled studies have shown modest benefits in cognition and/or behavior. Pilot studies have reported that donepezil therapy may potentially have effects on markers of disease progression, such as hippocampal volume. Therefore, many neurologists, psychiatrists, and primary care physicians use donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In 2005, the UK National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) withdrew its recommendation for use of the drug for mild-to-moderate AD, on the basis that there is no significant improvement in functional outcome; of quality of life or of behavioral symptoms. However, NICE revised its guidelines to suggest that donepezil be used in moderate stage patients for whom the evidence is strongest. While the drug is currently indicated for mild to moderate Alzheimer's, there is also evidence from 2 trials that it may be effective for moderate to severe disease. An example of this is a Karolinska Institute paper published in The Lancet in early 2006, which states that donepezil improves cognitive function even in patients with severe Alzheimer's disease symptoms. of quality of life or of behavioral symptoms. However, NICE revised its guidelines to suggest that donepezil be used in moderate stage patients for whom the evidence is strongest. While the drug is currently indicated for mild to moderate Alzheimer's, there is also evidence from 2 trials that it may be effective for moderate to severe disease. An example of this is a Karolinska Institute paper published in The Lancet in early 2006, which states that donepezil improves cognitive function even in patients with severe Alzheimer's disease symptoms. Donepezil is postulated to exert its therapeutic effect by enhancing cholinergic function. This is accomplished by increasing the concentration of acetylcholine through reversible inhibition of its hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase. If this proposed mechanism of action is correct, donepezil's effect may lessen as the disease process advances and fewer cholinergic neurons remain functionally intact. Donepezil has been tested in other cognitive disorders including Lewy body dementia and Vascular dementia, but it is not currently approved for these indications. Donepezil has also been studied in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment, schizophrenia, attention deficit disorder, post-coronary bypass cognitive impairment, cognitive impairment associated with multiple sclerosis, and Down syndrome.

Compound Type

Amine
Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Drug
Ester
Ether
Food Toxin
Metabolite
Nootropic Agent
Organic Compound
Parasympathomimetic
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Synonym
Alzepil
Aricept
Aricept ODT
Davia
Depzil
Domepezil
Donecept
Donecil
Donep
Donepex
Donepezil hydrochloride
Donepezilo
Donepezilum
Donesyn
Dopezil
Eranz
Memac
Nomi-Nox
Pezale
Redumas
Zolpezil

Chemical Formula

C₂₄H₂₉NO₃

Average Molecular Mass

379.492 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

379.215 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

120014-06-4

IUPAC Name

2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one

Traditional Name

donepezil

SMILES

COC1=C(OC)C=C2C(=O)C(CC3CCN(CC4=CC=CC=C4)CC3)CC2=C1

InChI Identifier

InChI=1/C24H29NO3/c1-27-22-14-19-13-20(24(26)21(19)15-23(22)28-2)12-17-8-10-25(11-9-17)16-18-6-4-3-5-7-18/h3-7,14-15,17,20H,8-13,16H2,1-2H3

InChI Key

InChIKey=ADEBPBSSDYVVLD-UHFFFAOYNA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-benzylpiperidines. These are heterocyclic Compounds containing a piperidine ring conjugated to a benzyl group through one nitrogen ring atom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organoheterocyclic compounds

Class

Piperidines

Sub Class

Benzylpiperidines

Direct Parent

N-benzylpiperidines

Alternative Parents

Substituents

N-benzylpiperidine
Indanone
Indane
Aryl alkyl ketone
Aryl ketone
Phenylmethylamine
Benzylamine
Anisole
Aralkylamine
Alkyl aryl ether
Benzenoid
Monocyclic benzene moiety
Tertiary aliphatic amine
Tertiary amine
Ketone
Azacycle
Ether
Organic nitrogen compound
Organic oxygen compound
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Amine
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds

External Descriptors

piperidines (CHEBI:53289 )
cyclic ketone (CHEBI:53289 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Membrane

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Brain

Pathways

Not Available

Applications

nootropic agent

Biological Roles

Chemical Roles

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	206.72°C
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	2.931 mg/L
LogP	3.6

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.0045 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	4.14	ALOGPS
logP	4.21	ChemAxon
logS	-4.9	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	17.02	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	8.62	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	38.77 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	6	ChemAxon
Refractivity	112.11 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	44.34 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	4	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0fdo-6948000000-6c7dc19cab1af35fbb59	2017-09-01	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Negative	splash10-004i-0079000000-97441986dda64eeb2ed0	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Positive	splash10-000x-4279000000-8057308579d31f5bbb76	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-001l-3109000000-7610503c88b3d172ef5d	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0006-9322000000-f0d3e8edeecc7f261b94	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-9934c235983cbddb269c	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-004i-0019000000-efb0e051a3400937c1e3	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-004i-0239000000-f766ac8eda8a1a30facc	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-00ai-4693000000-8d87007bbd84d8b72159	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-004i-0009000000-4b6aa6423da10b561e2e	2021-09-22	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-004i-1009000000-4727eca26ceeec565366	2021-09-22	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-01di-0059000000-3fb1cd564ce0fcc93f62	2021-09-22	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-001i-0009000000-bcd66f7c41688cf26726	2021-09-23	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-001i-1009000000-7b9769e47f72dc71726a	2021-09-23	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0006-9123000000-bace768387e44aecb5ba	2021-09-23	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure

Donepezil is well absorbed with a relative oral bioavailability of 100% and reaches peak plasma concentrations in 3 to 4 hours.

Mechanism of Toxicity

Donepezil is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase inhibitor (or 'anticholinesterase') suppresses the action of acetylcholinesterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholinesterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses, followed by muscle spasms and ultimately death. Nerve gases and many substances used in insecticides have been shown to act by binding a serine in the active site of acetylcholine esterase, inhibiting the enzyme completely. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop. Among the most common acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are phosphorus-based compounds, which are designed to bind to the active site of the enzyme. The structural requirements are a phosphorus atom bearing two lipophilic groups, a leaving group (such as a halide or thiocyanate), and a terminal oxygen.

Metabolism

Donepezil is metabolized by CYP 450 isoenzymes 2D6 and 3A4 in the liver and also undergoes glucuronidation. The main metabolite, 6-O-desmethyl donepezil, has been reported to inhibit AChE to the same extent as donepezil in vitro. Route of Elimination: Donepezil is both excreted in the urine intact and extensively metabolized to four major metabolites, two of which are known to be active, and a number of minor metabolites, not all of which have been identified. Half Life: 70 hours

Toxicity Values

Not Available

Lethal Dose

Not Available

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Uses/Sources

For the palliative treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type.

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Health Effects

Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Certain reproductive effects in fertility, growth, and development for males and females have been linked specifically to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Most of the research on reproductive effects has been conducted on farmers working with pesticides and insecticdes in rural areas. In females menstrual cycle disturbances, longer pregnancies, spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and some developmental effects in offspring have been linked to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Prenatal exposure has been linked to impaired fetal growth and development. Neurotoxic effects have also been linked to poisoning with OP pesticides causing four neurotoxic effects in humans: cholinergic syndrome, intermediate syndrome, organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP), and chronic organophosphate-induced neuropsychiatric disorder (COPIND). These syndromes result after acute and chronic exposure to OP pesticides.

Symptoms

Symptoms of overdose include severe nausea, vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression, collapse and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved.

Treatment

If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of '-oximes' has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally.

Normal Concentrations

Not Available

Abnormal Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

HMDB ID

PubChem Compound ID

ChEMBL ID

ChemSpider ID

KEGG ID

Not Available

UniProt ID

Not Available

OMIM ID

ChEBI ID

53289

BioCyc ID

Not Available

CTD ID

Not Available

Stitch ID

Donepezil

PDB ID

E20

ACToR ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Donepezil

References

Synthesis Reference

Akio Imai, Hideaki Watanabe, Takashi Kajima, Yasushi Ishihama, Akiyo Ohtsuka, Tomohide Tanaka, Yukio Narabu, “Polymorphs of donepezil hydrochloride and process for production.” U.S. Patent US5985864, issued December, 1988.

MSDS

Link

General References

Xiong G, Doraiswamy PM: Combination drug therapy for Alzheimer's disease: what is evidence-based, and what is not? Geriatrics. 2005 Jun;60(6):22-6. [15948662 ]
Yesavage JA, Mumenthaler MS, Taylor JL, Friedman L, O'Hara R, Sheikh J, Tinklenberg J, Whitehouse PJ: Donepezil and flight simulator performance: effects on retention of complex skills. Neurology. 2002 Jul 9;59(1):123-5. [12105320 ]
Sugimoto H: Donepezil hydrochloride: a treatment drug for Alzheimer's disease. Chem Rec. 2001;1(1):63-73. [11893059 ]
Wang LN, Wang W, Zhang XH, Ma L, Yin H, Li DJ: [An interventional study on amnestic mild cognitive impairment with small dose donepezil]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2004 Oct;43(10):760-3. [15631830 ]
Emre M: Switching cholinesterase inhibitors in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Int J Clin Pract Suppl. 2002 Jun;(127):64-72. [12139369 ]
Nakano S, Asada T, Matsuda H, Uno M, Takasaki M: Donepezil hydrochloride preserves regional cerebral blood flow in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Nucl Med. 2001 Oct;42(10):1441-5. [11585854 ]
Hayslett RL, Tizabi Y: Effects of donepezil, nicotine and haloperidol on the central serotonergic system in mice: implications for Tourette's syndrome. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2005 Aug;81(4):879-86. [16045972 ]
Wilkinson DG, Francis PT, Schwam E, Payne-Parrish J: Cholinesterase inhibitors used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: the relationship between pharmacological effects and clinical efficacy. Drugs Aging. 2004;21(7):453-78. [15132713 ]
Drugs.com [Link]
RxList: The Internet Drug Index (2009). [Link]

Gene Regulation

Up-Regulated Genes

Not Available

Down-Regulated Genes

Not Available

Targets

Target Details

1. Acetylcholinesterase

General Function:: Serine hydrolase activity
Specific Function:: Terminates signal transduction at the neuromuscular junction by rapid hydrolysis of the acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft. Role in neuronal apoptosis.
Gene Name:: ACHE
Uniprot ID:: P22303
Molecular Weight:: 67795.525 Da

Binding/Activity Constants

Type	Value	Assay Type	Assay Source
Inhibitory	0.0029 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
Inhibitory	0.0072 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
Inhibitory	0.0205 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
Inhibitory	0.026 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
IC50	0.002 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
IC50	0.00233 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
IC50	0.0057 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
IC50	0.006 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
IC50	0.008 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
IC50	0.0082 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
IC50	0.01 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
IC50	0.012 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
IC50	0.016 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
IC50	0.017 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
IC50	0.018 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
IC50	0.02 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
IC50	0.022 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
IC50	0.023 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
IC50	0.0231 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
IC50	0.032 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
IC50	0.04 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
IC50	0.09 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
IC50	0.12 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
IC50	0.16 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960
IC50	4.15 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960

References

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Target Details

2. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A

General Function:: Virus receptor activity
Specific Function:: G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including mescaline, psilocybin, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling activates phospholipase C and a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and promotes the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Affects neural activity, perception, cognition and mood. Plays a role in the regulation of behavior, including responses to anxiogenic situations and psychoactive substances. Plays a role in intestinal smooth muscle contraction, and may play a role in arterial vasoconstriction.(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for human JC polyomavirus/JCPyV.
Gene Name:: HTR2A
Uniprot ID:: P28223
Molecular Weight:: 52602.58 Da

References

Hayslett RL, Tizabi Y: Effects of donepezil, nicotine and haloperidol on the central serotonergic system in mice: implications for Tourette's syndrome. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2005 Aug;81(4):879-86. [16045972 ]

Target Details

3. Histamine H3 receptor

General Function:: Histamine receptor activity
Specific Function:: The H3 subclass of histamine receptors could mediate the histamine signals in CNS and peripheral nervous system. Signals through the inhibition of adenylate cyclase and displays high constitutive activity (spontaneous activity in the absence of agonist). Agonist stimulation of isoform 3 neither modified adenylate cyclase activity nor induced intracellular calcium mobilization.
Gene Name:: HRH3
Uniprot ID:: Q9Y5N1
Molecular Weight:: 48670.81 Da

Binding/Activity Constants

Type	Value	Assay Type	Assay Source
IC50	0.35 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960

References

Bembenek SD, Keith JM, Letavic MA, Apodaca R, Barbier AJ, Dvorak L, Aluisio L, Miller KL, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers NI: Lead identification of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors-histamine H3 receptor antagonists from molecular modeling. Bioorg Med Chem. 2008 Mar 15;16(6):2968-73. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.12.048. Epub 2007 Dec 25. [18249544 ]

Target Details

4. Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1

General Function:: Opioid receptor activity
Specific Function:: Functions in lipid transport from the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved in a wide array of cellular functions probably through regulation of the biogenesis of lipid microdomains at the plasma membrane. Involved in the regulation of different receptors it plays a role in BDNF signaling and EGF signaling. Also regulates ion channels like the potassium channel and could modulate neurotransmitter release. Plays a role in calcium signaling through modulation together with ANK2 of the ITP3R-dependent calcium efflux at the endoplasmic reticulum. Plays a role in several other cell functions including proliferation, survival and death. Originally identified for its ability to bind various psychoactive drugs it is involved in learning processes, memory and mood alteration (PubMed:16472803, PubMed:9341151). Necessary for proper mitochondrial axonal transport in motor neurons, in particular the retrograde movement of mitochondria (By similarity).
Gene Name:: SIGMAR1
Uniprot ID:: Q99720
Molecular Weight:: 25127.52 Da

Binding/Activity Constants

Type	Value	Assay Type	Assay Source
Inhibitory	0.015 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 8960

References

Veinberg G, Vorona M, Zvejniece L, Vilskersts R, Vavers E, Liepinsh E, Kazoka H, Belyakov S, Mishnev A, Kuznecovs J, Vikainis S, Orlova N, Lebedev A, Ponomaryov Y, Dambrova M: Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-(5-methyl-4-phenyl-2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-acetamide stereoisomers as novel positive allosteric modulators of sigma-1 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem. 2013 May 15;21(10):2764-71. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.03.016. Epub 2013 Mar 24. [23582449 ]

Donepezil (T3D2910)

Structure for T3D2910: Donepezil

Targets

Binding/Activity Constants

References

References

Binding/Activity Constants

References

Binding/Activity Constants

References