Diphtheria toxin (Corynephage omega) (T3D3121)

IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesGene RegulationTargets (1)XML
Targets (1)
Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2009-07-30 17:55:45 UTC
Update Date2014-12-24 20:25:59 UTC
Accession NumberT3D3121
Identification
Common NameDiphtheria toxin (Corynephage omega)
ClassProtein
DescriptionDiphtheria toxin is an exotoxin secreted by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the pathogen bacterium that causes diphtheria. (1)
Compound Type
  • Amide
  • Amine
  • Bacterial Toxin
  • Natural Compound
  • Organic Compound
  • Protein
Protein StructureT3d3121
Synonyms
Synonym
Diphtheria toxin
DT
NAD(+)--diphthamide ADP-ribosyltransferase
Chemical FormulaNot Available
Average Molecular Mass60814.155 g/mol
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SequenceNot Available
Chemical Taxonomy
DescriptionNot Available
KingdomOrganic Compounds
Super ClassOrganic Acids
ClassCarboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Sub ClassAmino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
Direct ParentPeptides
Alternative ParentsNot Available
SubstituentsNot Available
Molecular FrameworkNot Available
External DescriptorsNot Available
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
AppearanceClear solution.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
Solubility>10 mg/mL
LogPNot Available
Predicted PropertiesNot Available
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureOral (4) ; inhalation (4) ; dermal (4)
Mechanism of ToxicityDiphtheria toxin consists of a single polypeptide. Proteolysis yields two fragments (A and B) which are held together by a disulfide bond. The toxin binds to EGF-like domain of Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) through fragment B and is internalized with HB-EGF by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Diphtheria toxin then catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 (eEF2), inactivating this protein. It does so by ADP-ribosylating the unusual aminoacid diphthamide. In this way, it acts as a RNA translational inhibitor. (1)
MetabolismFree toxin may be removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system (primarily the liver and kidneys) or it may be degraded through cellular internalization via the lysosomes. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of digestive enzymes, including several proteases.
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal Dose100 nanogram/kg for an adult human. (1)
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesDiphtheria toxin is an exotoxin secreted by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the pathogen bacterium that causes diphtheria. (1)
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsDiphtheria toxin is an exotoxin secreted by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the pathogen bacterium that causes diphtheria. Diphtheria is an upper respiratory tract illness that causes the progressive deterioration of myelin sheaths in the central and peripheral nervous system leading to degenerating motor control and loss of sensation. A massive release of toxin into the body will likely cause lethal necrosis of the heart and liver. (1, 2)
SymptomsDiphtheria is characterized by sore throat, low fever, fatigue, problems swallowing, and an adherent membrane (a pseudomembrane) on the tonsils, pharynx, and/or nasal cavity. Affected people may also experience more generalized symptoms, such as listlessness, pallor, and fast heart rate. Low blood pressure may also develop. Longer-term effects of the diphtheria toxin include cardiomyopathy and peripheral neuropathy (sensory type).(2)
TreatmentDiphtheria may be treated with the diphtheria anti-toxin. Since the antitoxin does not neutralize toxin that is already bound to tissues, delaying its administration is associated with an increase in mortality risk. Antibiotics have not been demonstrated to affect healing of local infection, but they can be used in patients or carriers to eradicate C. diphtheriae and prevent its transmission to others. Recommended antibiotics include erythromycin and procaine penicillin G. (2)
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDNot Available
PubChem Compound IDNot Available
ChEMBL IDNot Available
ChemSpider IDNot Available
KEGG IDNot Available
UniProt IDP00587
OMIM ID
ChEBI IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
CTD IDNot Available
Stitch IDDiphtheria toxin
PDB IDNot Available
ACToR IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkDiphtheria
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDST3D3121.pdf
General References
  1. Wikipedia. Diphtheria toxin. Last Updated 29 June 2009. [Link]
  2. Wikipedia. Diphtheria. Last Updated 11 August 2009. [Link]
  3. Wikipedia. Bacterial toxin. Last Updated 27 February 2009. [Link]
  4. ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (1999). Toxicological profile for uranium. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
Gene Regulation
Up-Regulated GenesNot Available
Down-Regulated GenesNot Available

Targets

Target Details
1. Elongation factor 2
General Function:
Translation elongation factor activity
Specific Function:
Catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. During this step, the ribosome changes from the pre-translocational (PRE) to the post-translocational (POST) state as the newly formed A-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA and P-site-bound deacylated tRNA move to the P and E sites, respectively. Catalyzes the coordinated movement of the two tRNA molecules, the mRNA and conformational changes in the ribosome.
Gene Name:
EEF2
Uniprot ID:
P13639
Molecular Weight:
95337.385 Da
References
  1. Wikipedia. Diphtheria toxin. Last Updated 29 June 2009. [Link]