| Record Information |
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| Version | 2.0 |
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| Creation Date | 2009-08-05 14:19:15 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2014-12-24 20:26:08 UTC |
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| Accession Number | T3D3548 |
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| Identification |
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| Common Name | Ammonium nitrite |
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| Class | Small Molecule |
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| Description | Ammonium nitrite is a chemical compound of ammonium and nitrite ions. It is used as a rodenticide, microbiocide and agricultural pesticide, and is acutely toxic to both humans and aquatic organisms. Nitrite is a toxic compound known to cause methemoglobinemia. (3, 5) |
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| Compound Type | - Inorganic Compound
- Nitrite
- Non-Metal
- Pesticide
- Synthetic Compound
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| Chemical Structure | |
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| Synonyms | | Synonym | | Nitrous acid ammonium salt | | Nitrous acid ammonium salt (1:1) |
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| Chemical Formula | H4N2O2 |
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| Average Molecular Mass | 64.044 g/mol |
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| Monoisotopic Mass | 64.027 g/mol |
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| CAS Registry Number | 13446-48-5 |
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| IUPAC Name | ammonium nitrite |
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| Traditional Name | ammonium nitrite |
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| SMILES | [NH4+].[O-]N=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/HNO2.H3N/c2-1-3;/h(H,2,3);1H3 |
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| InChI Key | InChIKey=CAMXVZOXBADHNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as non-metal nitrites. These are inorganic non-metallic compounds containing a nitrite as its largest oxoanion. |
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| Kingdom | Inorganic compounds |
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| Super Class | Homogeneous non-metal compounds |
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| Class | Non-metal oxoanionic compounds |
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| Sub Class | Non-metal nitrites |
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| Direct Parent | Non-metal nitrites |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Non-metal nitrite
- Inorganic nitrite
- Inorganic oxide
- Inorganic salt
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| Molecular Framework | Not Available |
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| External Descriptors | Not Available |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Status | Detected and Not Quantified |
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| Origin | Exogenous |
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| Cellular Locations | |
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| Biofluid Locations | Not Available |
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| Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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| Pathways | Not Available |
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| Applications | Not Available |
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| Biological Roles | Not Available |
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| Chemical Roles | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Appearance | Colorless crystals. |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | | Solubility | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| Spectra |
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| Spectra | | Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | View |
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| Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-014i-9000000000-9ac657a65646bd2fa55b | 2016-08-03 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-014i-9000000000-9ac657a65646bd2fa55b | 2016-08-03 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-014i-9000000000-9ac657a65646bd2fa55b | 2016-08-03 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative | splash10-03di-9000000000-d0075424f461f1211a61 | 2016-08-04 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative | splash10-03di-9000000000-d0075424f461f1211a61 | 2016-08-04 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative | splash10-03di-9000000000-d0075424f461f1211a61 | 2016-08-04 | View Spectrum |
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| Toxicity Profile |
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| Route of Exposure | Oral (3) ;inhalation (3) |
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| Mechanism of Toxicity | Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (1, 4) |
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| Metabolism | Nitrites and their metabolites are excreted in the urine. (3) |
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| Toxicity Values | Not Available |
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| Lethal Dose | 10 to 100 mg/kg for an adult human. (6) |
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| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | Ingested nitrate or nitrite under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). (2) |
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| Uses/Sources | Ammonium nitrite is used as a rodenticide, microbiocide and agricultural pesticide. (5) |
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| Minimum Risk Level | Not Available |
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| Health Effects | Nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Nitrites may cause pregnancy complications and developmental effects. They may also be carcinogenic. (3) |
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| Symptoms | Nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (3) |
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| Treatment | Methemoglobinemia can be treated with supplemental oxygen and methylene blue 1% solution administered intravenously slowly over five minutes followed by IV flush with normal saline. Methylene blue restores the iron in hemoglobin to its normal (reduced) oxygen-carrying state. (4) |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| HMDB ID | Not Available |
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| PubChem Compound ID | 26004 |
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| ChEMBL ID | Not Available |
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| ChemSpider ID | 24223 |
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| KEGG ID | Not Available |
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| UniProt ID | Not Available |
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| OMIM ID | |
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| ChEBI ID | Not Available |
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| BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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| CTD ID | Not Available |
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| Stitch ID | Ammonium nitrite |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ACToR ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | Ammonium_nitrite |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| MSDS | T3D3548.pdf |
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| General References | - Keszler A, Piknova B, Schechter AN, Hogg N: The reaction between nitrite and oxyhemoglobin: a mechanistic study. J Biol Chem. 2008 Apr 11;283(15):9615-22. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M705630200. Epub 2008 Jan 17. [18203719 ]
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (2014). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. [Link]
- ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2007). Case Studies in Environmental Medicine. Nitrate/Nitrite Toxicity. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
- Wikipedia. Methemoglobinemia. Last Updated 22 July 2009. [Link]
- Wikipedia. Ammonium nitrite. Last Updated 16 June 2009. [Link]
- International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) INCHEM (1996). Poison Information Monograph for Nitrates and Nitrites. [Link]
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| Gene Regulation |
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| Up-Regulated Genes | Not Available |
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| Down-Regulated Genes | Not Available |
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