| Record Information |
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| Version | 2.0 |
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| Creation Date | 2009-08-05 14:22:29 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2014-12-24 20:26:08 UTC |
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| Accession Number | T3D3551 |
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| Identification |
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| Common Name | Sodium nitrite |
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| Class | Small Molecule |
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| Description | Sodium nitrite is a chemical compound of sodium and nitrite ions. It is used mainly as a color fixative and preservative in meats and fish. Sodium nitrite may also be used in organic synthesis, in dyeing and printing textile fabrics, in photography, as a laboratory reagent and a corrosion inhibitor, and in the manufacture of rubber chemicals. Sodium nitrite also has been used in human and veterinary medicine as a vasodilator, a bronchodilator, and an antidote for cyanide poisoning. Nitrite is a toxic compound known to cause methemoglobinemia. (4, 6) |
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| Compound Type | - Food Toxin
- Household Toxin
- Industrial/Workplace Toxin
- Inorganic Compound
- Nitrite
- Preservative
- Synthetic Compound
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| Chemical Structure | |
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| Synonyms | | Synonym | | Acidified sodium nitrite (asn) | | Anti-rust | | Azotyn sodowy | | Diazoting salts | | Diazotizing salts | | Dusitan sodny | | Erinitrit | | Filmerine | | NaNO2 | | Natrium nitrit | | Nitrite anion | | Nitrite de sodium | | Nitrite ion | | Nitrite ion standard solution | | Nitrite sodium | | Nitrito sodico | | Nitrogen dioxide | | Nitrogen dioxide ion | | Nitrogen peroxide ion | | Nitrous acid | | Nitrous acid sodium salt | | Sodium nitrite preparation | | Sodium nitrite solution | | Sodium nitrite(dot) | | Synfat 1004 |
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| Chemical Formula | NNaO2 |
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| Average Molecular Mass | 68.995 g/mol |
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| Monoisotopic Mass | 68.983 g/mol |
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| CAS Registry Number | 7632-00-0 |
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| IUPAC Name | sodium nitrite |
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| Traditional Name | sodium nitrite |
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| SMILES | [Na+].[O-]N=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/HNO2.Na/c2-1-3;/h(H,2,3);/q;+1/p-1 |
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| InChI Key | InChIKey=LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as alkali metal nitrites. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is nitrite, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is an alkali metal. |
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| Kingdom | Inorganic compounds |
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| Super Class | Mixed metal/non-metal compounds |
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| Class | Alkali metal oxoanionic compounds |
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| Sub Class | Alkali metal nitrites |
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| Direct Parent | Alkali metal nitrites |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Alkali metal nitrite
- Inorganic nitrite
- Inorganic sodium salt
- Inorganic oxide
- Inorganic salt
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| Molecular Framework | Not Available |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Status | Detected and Not Quantified |
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| Origin | Exogenous |
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| Cellular Locations | |
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| Biofluid Locations | Not Available |
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| Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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| Pathways | Not Available |
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| Applications | |
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| Biological Roles | |
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| Chemical Roles | |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Appearance | White powder. |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | | Solubility | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| Spectra |
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| Spectra | | Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | View |
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| Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-014i-9000000000-9f30cf5313b48e1993c8 | 2017-08-28 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-014i-9000000000-1ee624a65c08dcecac9b | 2019-02-22 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-014i-9000000000-5e2e92773f3c17549130 | 2019-02-22 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-014i-9000000000-a87ee670e6d73d57a26b | 2019-02-22 | View Spectrum |
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| Toxicity Profile |
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| Route of Exposure | Oral (4) ; inhalation (4) |
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| Mechanism of Toxicity | Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (1, 5) |
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| Metabolism | Nitrites and their metabolites are excreted in the urine. (4) |
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| Toxicity Values | LD50: 158 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (2)
LD50: 65 mg/kg (Intravenous, Rat) (2)
LD50: 85 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (2)
LC50: 5.5 mg/L over 4 hours (Inhalation, Rat) (2) |
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| Lethal Dose | 10 to 100 mg/kg for an adult human. (7) |
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| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | Ingested nitrate or nitrite under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). (3) |
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| Uses/Sources | Sodium nitrite is used mainly as a color fixative and preservative in meats and fish. Sodium nitrite may also be used in organic synthesis, in dyeing and printing textile fabrics, in photography, as a laboratory reagent and a corrosion inhibitor, and in the manufacture of rubber chemicals. Sodium nitrite also has been used in human and veterinary medicine as a vasodilator, a bronchodilator, and an antidote for cyanide poisoning. (6) |
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| Minimum Risk Level | Not Available |
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| Health Effects | Nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Nitrites may cause pregnancy complications and developmental effects. They may also be carcinogenic. (4) |
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| Symptoms | Nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (4) |
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| Treatment | Methemoglobinemia can be treated with supplemental oxygen and methylene blue 1% solution administered intravenously slowly over five minutes followed by IV flush with normal saline. Methylene blue restores the iron in hemoglobin to its normal (reduced) oxygen-carrying state. (5) |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| HMDB ID | Not Available |
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| PubChem Compound ID | 23668193 |
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| ChEMBL ID | Not Available |
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| ChemSpider ID | Not Available |
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| KEGG ID | C00088 |
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| UniProt ID | Not Available |
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| OMIM ID | |
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| ChEBI ID | 16301 |
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| BioCyc ID | NITRITE |
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| CTD ID | Not Available |
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| Stitch ID | Sodium nitrite |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ACToR ID | 962 |
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| Wikipedia Link | Sodium_nitrite |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| MSDS | T3D3551.pdf |
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| General References | - Keszler A, Piknova B, Schechter AN, Hogg N: The reaction between nitrite and oxyhemoglobin: a mechanistic study. J Biol Chem. 2008 Apr 11;283(15):9615-22. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M705630200. Epub 2008 Jan 17. [18203719 ]
- Lewis RJ Sr. (ed) (2004). Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (2014). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. [Link]
- ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2007). Case Studies in Environmental Medicine. Nitrate/Nitrite Toxicity. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
- Wikipedia. Methemoglobinemia. Last Updated 22 July 2009. [Link]
- Wikipedia. Sodium nitrite. Last Updated 4 August 2009. [Link]
- International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) INCHEM (1996). Poison Information Monograph for Nitrates and Nitrites. [Link]
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| Gene Regulation |
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| Up-Regulated Genes | | Gene | Gene Symbol | Gene ID | Interaction | Chromosome | Details |
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| Down-Regulated Genes | | Gene | Gene Symbol | Gene ID | Interaction | Chromosome | Details |
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