T3DB: Methylparaben

You are using an unsupported browser. Please upgrade your browser to a newer version to get the best experience on Toxin, Toxin Target Database.

Identification Taxonomy Biological Properties Physical Properties Toxicity Profile Spectra Concentrations Links References Gene Regulation Targets (8)XML

Targets (8)

Record Information

Version

2.0

Creation Date

2014-08-29 04:48:27 UTC

Update Date

2014-12-24 20:26:35 UTC

Accession Number

T3D3977

Identification

Common Name

Methylparaben

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Methylparaben is found in alcoholic beverages. Methylparaben is an antimicrobial agent, preservative, flavouring agent. Methylparaben is a constituent of cloudberry, yellow passion fruit, white wine, botrytised wine and Bourbon vanilla. Methylparaben has been shown to exhibit anti-microbial function Methylparaben belongs to the family of Hydroxybenzoic Acid Derivatives. These are compounds containing an hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxylic acid. (1).

Compound Type

Ester
Ether
Flavouring Agent
Food Additive
Food Toxin
Household Toxin
Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Metabolite
Natural Compound
Organic Compound
Plant Toxin
Preservative

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF 3D-SDF PDB SMILES InChI View 3D Structure

Synonyms

Synonym
4-(Methoxycarbonyl)phenol
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester
Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, methyl ester
Benzoic acid, p-hydroxy-, methyl ester
Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
Methyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid
Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Methyl p-oxybenzoate
Methyl paraben
Methyl parahydroxybenzoate
Methyl parasept
Methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate
Nipagin M
P-Carbomethoxyphenol
P-Hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester
P-Hydroxybenzoic acid, methyl ester
P-Hydroxybenzoic methyl ester
P-Methoxycarbonylphenol
Tegosept M

Chemical Formula

C₈H₈O₃

Average Molecular Mass

152.147 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

152.047 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

99-76-3

IUPAC Name

methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate

Traditional Name

paraben

SMILES

COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C8H8O3/c1-11-8(10)6-2-4-7(9)5-3-6/h2-5,9H,1H3

InChI Key

InChIKey=LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as p-hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl esters. These are aromatic compounds containing a benzoic acid, which is esterified with an alkyl group and para-substituted with a hydroxyl group.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Benzenoids

Class

Benzene and substituted derivatives

Sub Class

Benzoic acids and derivatives

Direct Parent

p-Hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl esters

Alternative Parents

Substituents

P-hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl ester
Benzoyl
1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
Phenol
Methyl ester
Carboxylic acid ester
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivative
Organic oxygen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Aromatic homomonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

paraben (CHEBI:31835 )
4-hydroxybenzoate ester (CHEBI:31835 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Pathways

Not Available

Applications

Biological Roles

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	131°C
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	2.5 mg/mL at 25°C
LogP	1.96

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	3.69 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	2.17	ALOGPS
logP	1.67	ChemAxon
logS	-1.6	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	8.5	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-6.1	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	2	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	1	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	46.53 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	2	ChemAxon
Refractivity	40.06 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	15.15 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-4900000000-5aa5692082b66b714b5d	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-5900000000-f3eccc0d6c2c948bd57b	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-4900000000-c5ef5603a5b5d1102f5a	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-4900000000-5aa5692082b66b714b5d	2018-05-18	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-5900000000-f3eccc0d6c2c948bd57b	2018-05-18	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-4900000000-c5ef5603a5b5d1102f5a	2018-05-18	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00di-5900000000-3ed4794b0abcfd130f36	2017-09-01	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00di-4920000000-b5bddbd000212b52d3e3	2017-10-06	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 30V, Negative	splash10-0udr-0900000000-2e50ec52313e18cddbd0	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 15V, Negative	splash10-0udr-0900000000-10b0539cab1169d8d877	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0udi-0900000000-18832133304ba4fb9e27	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0f79-0900000000-0b84609baab26de4dd17	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-00di-0900000000-8dd837e3f62c0c1bb90f	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0udi-0900000000-6e5b508b9a7aa3ae3ea9	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 30V, Positive	splash10-00di-0900000000-a99eaeac5b2d2031b644	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-00di-0900000000-b8bc0a1cc6a62794b7d3	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 45V, Negative	splash10-0f79-1900000000-98d502286eb47c703f64	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 60V, Negative	splash10-052v-5900000000-f008414f1c229258c408	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 90V, Negative	splash10-0a4j-9700000000-c0da5ed12872161ea30e	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 75V, Negative	splash10-052e-9800000000-03597a1112a480b91d5e	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0udi-0900000000-e340d9e85783b175426e	2016-08-01	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0uk9-0900000000-9f98d629ade444f4fbb1	2016-08-01	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-00dl-9500000000-32f5caf98f5ad60ffa16	2016-08-01	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0udi-0900000000-781a1ddebbdbcc9b39ad	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0udi-0900000000-41cbbcb3f2de007616e9	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-014i-7900000000-f51bfe0dca5a352b0e11	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0udl-4900000000-451d57a2406f81d363f2	2021-09-22	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0f6x-9800000000-453b731412b66bd167b8	2021-09-22	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-d769e0c585862a832e3b	2021-09-22	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0fk9-3900000000-8d3ee021fb805c23c70b	2021-09-23	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-00dl-7900000000-4bf7eb7a4760f26e6a1d	2021-09-23	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-01bc-9300000000-c6070b01c1557c130f49	2021-09-23	View Spectrum
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-00di-7900000000-42b2fb742e91f0c75f63	2014-09-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 90 MHz, DMSO-d6, experimental)	Not Available	2014-09-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50.18 MHz, CDCl₃, experimental)	Not Available	2014-09-23	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

Not Available

Metabolism

Not Available

Toxicity Values

Not Available

Lethal Dose

Not Available

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Uses/Sources

Methylparaben is found in alcoholic beverages.

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Health Effects

Not Available

Symptoms

Not Available

Treatment

Not Available

Normal Concentrations

Not Available

Abnormal Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

Not Available

HMDB ID

PubChem Compound ID

ChEMBL ID

ChemSpider ID

KEGG ID

Not Available

UniProt ID

Not Available

OMIM ID

ChEBI ID

31835

BioCyc ID

Not Available

CTD ID

Not Available

Stitch ID

Not Available

PDB ID

MPB

ACToR ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

MSDS

T3D3977.pdf

General References

Gupta S, Kaisheva E: Development of a multidose formulation for a humanized monoclonal antibody using experimental design techniques. AAPS PharmSci. 2003;5(2):E8. [12866935 ]
Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.

Gene Regulation

Up-Regulated Genes

Not Available

Down-Regulated Genes

Not Available

Targets

Target Details

1. Carbonic anhydrase 1

General Function:: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:: Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrates cyanamide to urea.
Gene Name:: CA1
Uniprot ID:: P00915
Molecular Weight:: 28870.0 Da

Binding/Activity Constants

Type	Value	Assay Type	Assay Source
Inhibitory	2.6 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 50209100

References

Carta F, Vullo D, Maresca A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Mono-/dihydroxybenzoic acid esters and phenol pyridinium derivatives as inhibitors of the mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, IX, XII and XIV. Bioorg Med Chem. 2013 Mar 15;21(6):1564-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.019. Epub 2012 May 17. [22668600 ]

Target Details

2. Carbonic anhydrase 12

General Function:: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:: Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide.
Gene Name:: CA12
Uniprot ID:: O43570
Molecular Weight:: 39450.615 Da

Binding/Activity Constants

Type	Value	Assay Type	Assay Source
Inhibitory	0.82 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 50209100

References

Carta F, Vullo D, Maresca A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Mono-/dihydroxybenzoic acid esters and phenol pyridinium derivatives as inhibitors of the mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, IX, XII and XIV. Bioorg Med Chem. 2013 Mar 15;21(6):1564-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.019. Epub 2012 May 17. [22668600 ]

Target Details

3. Carbonic anhydrase 14

General Function:: Metal ion binding
Specific Function:: Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide.
Gene Name:: CA14
Uniprot ID:: Q9ULX7
Molecular Weight:: 37667.37 Da

Binding/Activity Constants

Type	Value	Assay Type	Assay Source
Inhibitory	4.1 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 50209100

References

Carta F, Vullo D, Maresca A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Mono-/dihydroxybenzoic acid esters and phenol pyridinium derivatives as inhibitors of the mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, IX, XII and XIV. Bioorg Med Chem. 2013 Mar 15;21(6):1564-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.019. Epub 2012 May 17. [22668600 ]

Target Details

4. Carbonic anhydrase 2

General Function:: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:: Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye. Contributes to intracellular pH regulation in the duodenal upper villous epithelium during proton-coupled peptide absorption. Stimulates the chloride-bicarbonate exchange activity of SLC26A6.
Gene Name:: CA2
Uniprot ID:: P00918
Molecular Weight:: 29245.895 Da

Binding/Activity Constants

Type	Value	Assay Type	Assay Source
Inhibitory	3.4 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 50209100

References

Carta F, Vullo D, Maresca A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Mono-/dihydroxybenzoic acid esters and phenol pyridinium derivatives as inhibitors of the mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, IX, XII and XIV. Bioorg Med Chem. 2013 Mar 15;21(6):1564-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.019. Epub 2012 May 17. [22668600 ]

Target Details

5. Carbonic anhydrase 7

General Function:: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:: Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide.
Gene Name:: CA7
Uniprot ID:: P43166
Molecular Weight:: 29658.235 Da

Binding/Activity Constants

Type	Value	Assay Type	Assay Source
Inhibitory	0.78 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 50209100

References

Carta F, Vullo D, Maresca A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Mono-/dihydroxybenzoic acid esters and phenol pyridinium derivatives as inhibitors of the mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, IX, XII and XIV. Bioorg Med Chem. 2013 Mar 15;21(6):1564-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.019. Epub 2012 May 17. [22668600 ]

Target Details

6. Carbonic anhydrase 9

General Function:: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:: Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Participates in pH regulation. May be involved in the control of cell proliferation and transformation. Appears to be a novel specific biomarker for a cervical neoplasia.
Gene Name:: CA9
Uniprot ID:: Q16790
Molecular Weight:: 49697.36 Da

Binding/Activity Constants

Type	Value	Assay Type	Assay Source
Inhibitory	5.5 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 50209100

References

Carta F, Vullo D, Maresca A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Mono-/dihydroxybenzoic acid esters and phenol pyridinium derivatives as inhibitors of the mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, IX, XII and XIV. Bioorg Med Chem. 2013 Mar 15;21(6):1564-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.019. Epub 2012 May 17. [22668600 ]

Target Details

7. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

General Function:: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:: Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses. Plays a role in the regulation of cardiovascular circadian rhythms by regulating the transcription of ARNTL/BMAL1 in the blood vessels (By similarity).
Gene Name:: PPARG
Uniprot ID:: P37231
Molecular Weight:: 57619.58 Da

References

Pereira-Fernandes A, Demaegdt H, Vandermeiren K, Hectors TL, Jorens PG, Blust R, Vanparys C: Evaluation of a screening system for obesogenic compounds: screening of endocrine disrupting compounds and evaluation of the PPAR dependency of the effect. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 14;8(10):e77481. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077481. eCollection 2013. [24155963 ]

Target Details

8. Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase

General Function:: Xanthine oxidase activity
Specific Function:: Key enzyme in purine degradation. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine. Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Has also low oxidase activity towards aldehydes (in vitro).
Gene Name:: XDH
Uniprot ID:: P47989
Molecular Weight:: 146422.99 Da

Binding/Activity Constants

Type	Value	Assay Type	Assay Source
IC50	>50 uM	Not Available	BindingDB 50209100

References

Cioffi G, D'Auria M, Braca A, Mendez J, Castillo A, Morelli I, De Simone F, De Tommasi N: Antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity of constituents of the leaves of Tachigalia paniculata. J Nat Prod. 2002 Nov;65(11):1526-9. [12444671 ]

Methylparaben (T3D3977)

Structure for T3D3977: Methylparaben

Targets

Binding/Activity Constants

References

Binding/Activity Constants

References

Binding/Activity Constants

References

Binding/Activity Constants

References

Binding/Activity Constants

References

Binding/Activity Constants

References

References

Binding/Activity Constants

References