T3DB: Deoxyadenosine

Identification Taxonomy Biological Properties Physical Properties Toxicity Profile Spectra Concentrations Links References Gene Regulation XML

Record Information

Version

2.0

Creation Date

2014-10-02 18:54:58 UTC

Update Date

2018-03-21 17:46:14 UTC

Accession Number

T3D4958

Identification

Common Name

Deoxyadenosine

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Deoxyadenosine is a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine. It is composed of adenine attached to a deoxyribose moiety via a N9-glycosidic bond. Deoxyribose differs from ribose by the absence of oxygen in the 3' position of its ribose ring. Deoxyadenosine is a critical component of DNA. When present in sufficiently high levels, deoxyadensoine can act as an immunotoxin and a metabotoxin. An immunotoxin disrupts, limits the function, or destroys immune cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenous metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of deoxyadenosine are associated with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, an inborn error of metabolism. ADA deficiency damages the immune system and causes severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). People with SCID lack virtually all immune protection from bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They are prone to repeated and persistent infections that can be very serious or life-threatening. These infections are often caused by "opportunistic" organisms that ordinarily do not cause illness in people with a normal immune system. The main symptoms of ADA deficiency are pneumonia, chronic diarrhea, and widespread skin rashes. The mechanism by which dATP functions as an immunotoxin is as follows: because deoxyadenosine is a precursor to dATP, a buildup of dATP in cells inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and prevents DNA synthesis, so cells are unable to divide. Since developing T cells and B cells are some of the most mitotically active cells, they are unable to divide and propagate to respond to immune challenges. High levels of deoxyadenosine also lead to an increase in S-adenosylhomocysteine, which is toxic to immature lymphocytes.

Compound Type

Animal Toxin
Metabolite
Natural Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Synonym
1-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1,2-dideoxy-b-D-Ribofuranose
1-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1,2-dideoxy-beta-D-Ribofuranose
1-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1,2-dideoxy-beta-delta-Ribofuranose
2'-Deoxyadenosine
2-Deoxyadenosine
9-(2-Deoxy-b-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-9H-Purin-6-amine
9-(2-Deoxy-b-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)adenine
9-(2-Deoxy-b-D-ribofuranosyl)-9H-Purin-6-amine
9-(2-Deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-9H-Purin-6-amine
9-(2-Deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)adenine
9-(2-Deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-9H-Purin-6-amine
9-(2-Deoxy-beta-delta-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-9H-Purin-6-amine
9-(2-Deoxy-beta-delta-erythro-pentofuranosyl)adenine
9-(2-Deoxy-beta-delta-ribofuranosyl)-9H-Purin-6-amine
Adenine deoxyribonucleoside
Adenine deoxyribose
Adenine-9 2-deoxy-b-D-erythro-Pentofuranoside
Adenine-9 2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-Pentofuranoside
Adenine-9 2-deoxy-beta-delta-erythro-Pentofuranoside
Adenyldeoxyriboside
DA
Desoxyadenosine

Chemical Formula

C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₃

Average Molecular Mass

251.242 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

251.102 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

958-09-8

IUPAC Name

(2R,3S,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-ol

Traditional Name

2-deoxyadenosine

SMILES

NC1=C2N=CN([C@H]3C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)C2=NC=N1

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C10H13N5O3/c11-9-8-10(13-3-12-9)15(4-14-8)7-1-5(17)6(2-16)18-7/h3-7,16-17H,1-2H2,(H2,11,12,13)/t5-,6+,7+/m0/s1

InChI Key

InChIKey=OLXZPDWKRNYJJZ-RRKCRQDMSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides. Purine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides are compounds consisting of a purine linked to a ribose which lacks a hydroxyl group at position 2.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues

Class

Purine nucleosides

Sub Class

Purine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides

Direct Parent

Purine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside
6-aminopurine
Imidazopyrimidine
Purine
Aminopyrimidine
N-substituted imidazole
Pyrimidine
Imidolactam
Azole
Imidazole
Heteroaromatic compound
Tetrahydrofuran
Secondary alcohol
Oxacycle
Azacycle
Organoheterocyclic compound
Amine
Primary amine
Primary alcohol
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organopnictogen compound
Alcohol
Organic nitrogen compound
Organic oxygen compound
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds

External Descriptors

purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (CHEBI:17256 )
Deoxyribonucleosides (C00559 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Endogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Lysosome
Nucleus

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

All Tissues

Pathways

Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Not Available

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	189 °C
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	Not Available
LogP	-0.55

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	10.7 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-0.95	ALOGPS
logP	-1.2	ChemAxon
logS	-1.4	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	13.89	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	3.94	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	7	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	3	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	119.31 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	2	ChemAxon
Refractivity	61.68 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	24.24 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	3	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-0pbc-1950000000-892b755b10f34bcfa1c7	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-05fr-9750000000-34ebf7e59598c6551f52	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS)	splash10-0pbc-2950000000-9d52e7dcd83de5a30aef	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0pbc-1950000000-892b755b10f34bcfa1c7	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-05fr-9750000000-34ebf7e59598c6551f52	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0pbc-2950000000-9d52e7dcd83de5a30aef	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-000x-9550000000-219c39ab05ecbebb53ee	2016-09-22	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0ge9-6917000000-51808985bdc9abeb3cb3	2017-10-06	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive	splash10-0udr-1790000000-c0d4c0cc085cab7c2dcf	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive	splash10-000i-1900000000-e2abd19062db64ff67be	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive	splash10-000i-2900000000-1b8d5c847c2b1955056e	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive	splash10-000i-5900000000-845c20e0f6bd5494b6dc	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive	splash10-004r-8900000000-484d9f08e4e28fab1f70	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positive	splash10-000i-0900000000-e852451e7253e0de72be	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive	splash10-0udi-0390000000-fba17d1430b371138db2	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) 30V, Positive	splash10-000i-0930000000-931c7b084c33f9122af4	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , negative	splash10-001i-0900000000-66ae7ac8bd510a173402	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , negative	splash10-001i-0900000000-c71d67857e2136dc7666	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-0udr-1790000000-cfbdf2e3950e7987b94b	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-000i-1900000000-a3c367588a28d36cf5f0	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-000i-2900000000-1b8d5c847c2b1955056e	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-000i-5900000000-f950493ce420caae6a66	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-004r-8900000000-61ed5b4b3e748a449803	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT , positive	splash10-000i-0900000000-31d03c242f14d91a718c	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive	splash10-0udi-0390000000-fba17d1430b371138db2	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive	splash10-000i-0930000000-931c7b084c33f9122af4	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , positive	splash10-000i-0900000000-81ac782a59b2ca52f52b	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-000i-0920000000-2e897a458cf4c7af381c	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-000i-0900000000-f52b5322fde2e3722903	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-000i-1900000000-fcb0a5032b8607fd8b11	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0udi-0290000000-bec96a9658c683fa0d9b	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-001i-0910000000-b504aa725d20d6213b20	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-053r-2900000000-d09551db93d558a5aed7	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Not Available	2012-12-04	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-29	View Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Not Available	2012-12-04	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

Not Available

Metabolism

Not Available

Toxicity Values

Not Available

Lethal Dose

Not Available

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Uses/Sources

Not Available

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Health Effects

Chronically high levels of deoxyadenosine are associated Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency.

Symptoms

Not Available

Treatment

Not Available

Normal Concentrations

Not Available

Abnormal Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

Not Available

HMDB ID

HMDB00101

PubChem Compound ID

13730

ChEMBL ID

Not Available

ChemSpider ID

13135

KEGG ID

C00559

UniProt ID

Not Available

OMIM ID

ChEBI ID

17256

BioCyc ID

Not Available

CTD ID

Not Available

Stitch ID

Not Available

PDB ID

3D1

ACToR ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Deoxyadenosine

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

MSDS

T3D4958.pdf

General References

Brox LW, Pollock E, Belch A: Adenosine and deoxyadenosine toxicity in colony assay systems for human T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and granulocytes. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1982;9(1):49-52. [6982786 ]
Fox RM, Tripp EH, Taylor IW: Analytical DNA flow cytometric analysis of deoxyadenosine toxicity in cultured human leukemic lymphoblasts. Mol Pharmacol. 1984 Sep;26(2):388-94. [6332978 ]
Bluestein HG, Thompson LF, Albert DA, Seegmiller JE: Altered deoxynucleoside triphosphate levels paralleling deoxyadenosine toxicity in adenosine deaminase inhibited human lymphocytes. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1980;122A:427-31. [6968502 ]
Juliusson G, Liliemark J: High complete remission rate from 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine in previously treated patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: response predicted by rapid decrease of blood lymphocyte count. J Clin Oncol. 1993 Apr;11(4):679-89. [8097528 ]
Szabados E, Christopherson RI: Rapid radioassay for metabolites of adenosine and deoxyadenosine in erythrocytes. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1995 Dec 1;674(1):132-7. [8749261 ]
Hershfield MS, Kredich NM, Koller CA, Mitchell BS, Kurtzberg J, Kinney TR, Falletta JM: S-adenosylhomocysteine catabolism and basis for acquired resistance during treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with 2'-deoxycoformycin alone and in combination with 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine. Cancer Res. 1983 Jul;43(7):3451-8. [6601986 ]
Wevers RA, Engelke UF, Moolenaar SH, Brautigam C, de Jong JG, Duran R, de Abreu RA, van Gennip AH: 1H-NMR spectroscopy of body fluids: inborn errors of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. Clin Chem. 1999 Apr;45(4):539-48. [10102915 ]
Mitchell BS, Edwards NL: Purine metabolizing enzymes as predictors of lymphoblast sensitivity to deoxyadenosine. J Lab Clin Med. 1984 Sep;104(3):414-24. [6147383 ]
Yamamoto T, Moriwaki Y, Takahashi S, Fujita T, Tsutsumi Z, Yamakita J, Shimizu K, Shiota M, Ohta S, Higashino K: Determination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with column switching. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1998 Nov 20;719(1-2):55-61. [9869364 ]
Hayward AR: Resistance of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated B cells to inhibition by deoxyadenosine. Clin Exp Immunol. 1980 Jul;41(1):141-9. [6969149 ]
Carson DA, Wasson DB, Kaye J, Ullman B, Martin DW Jr, Robins RK, Montgomery JA: Deoxycytidine kinase-mediated toxicity of deoxyadenosine analogs toward malignant human lymphoblasts in vitro and toward murine L1210 leukemia in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Nov;77(11):6865-9. [6256765 ]
Carson DA, Carrera CJ, Kubota M, Wasson DB, Iizasa T: Genetic analysis of deoxyadenosine toxicity in dividing human lymphoblasts. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1986;195 Pt B:207-11. [3020905 ]
Webster DR, Simmonds HA, Perrett D, Levinsky RJ: Nucleotide levels and metabolism of adenosine and deoxyadenosine in intact erythrocytes deficient in adenosine deaminase. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1984;165 Pt A:363-6. [6609529 ]
Sheridan W, Gordon DS, Fullen AJ, Olson A, Vogler WR, Winton E: Preclinical studies on deoxycoformycin and deoxyadenosine as pharmacologic T cell purging tools. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1989 Sep;4(5):511-7. [2790329 ]

Gene Regulation

Up-Regulated Genes

Not Available

Down-Regulated Genes

Not Available

Deoxyadenosine (T3D4958)

Structure for T3D4958: Deoxyadenosine