792 Uranium-238 Uranium-238 is the most common isotope of uranium found in nature. Uranium is a chemical element that has the symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a normal part of rocks, soil, air, and water, and occurs in nature in the form of minerals. Natural uranium is a mixture of three radioactive isotopes called uranium-234, uranium-235, and uranium-238. Uranium-238 is used in the military sector for kinetic energy penetrators and armor plating. Uranium is also used as a colorant in uranium glass, producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. (L248, L249) 7440-61-1 23989 U 238.050780 Silver metallic solid. 17.3 g.cm -3 Oral (L249) ; inhalation (L249) ; dermal (L249) ; radiation (L249) Uranium is combined with either bicarbonate or a plasma protein in the blood but once in the kidney, it is released and forms complexes with phosphate ligands and proteins in the tubular wall, causing damage. Uranium may also inhibit both sodium transport-dependent and independent ATP utilization and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the renal proximal tubule. Uranium causes respiratory diseases by damaging alveolar epithelium type II cells in the lungs. Uranium induces c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activation, which in turn induces tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion and generates and inflammatory response in the lungs. Studies have shown that the more soluble the uranium salt, the more toxic it is. Ionizing radiation produced by uranium damages the DNA, resulting in gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations. This can both both initiate and promote carcinogenesis, and interfere with reproduction and development. (L249, A160) Uranium is absorbed in low amounts via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Uranium in body fluids generally exists as the uranyl ion (UO2)2+ complexed with anions, such as citrate and bicarbonate, or plasma proteins. Uranium preferentially distributes to bone, liver, and kidney. The large majority of uranium that enters the body is not absorbed and is eliminated from the body via the urine and faeces. (L248) 1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135) Uranium-238 is used in the military sector for kinetic energy penetrators and armor plating. Uranium is also used as a colorant in uranium glass, producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. (L248, L249) Intermediate Inhalation: 0.0004 mg/m3 (Soluble uranium salts) (L134) Chronic Inhalation: 0.0003 mg/m3 (Soluble uranium salts) (L134) Intermediate Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (Soluble uranium salts) (L134) Intermediate Inhalation: 0.008 mg/m3 (Insoluble uranium compounds) (L134) Uranium primarily damages the kidney, but may also damage the lungs, central nervous system, and immune system. Uranium's radioactivity is believed to damage the DNA, resulting in carcinogenic effects and reproductive and developmental damage. (L248, L249) Ingestion of uranium may cause vomiting and diarrhea. (L248) 2009-05-28T16:40:42Z 2014-12-24T20:22:49Z Serotransferrin (P02787) Serum albumin (P02768) Ceruloplasmin (P00450) Hemopexin (P02790) Complement C3 (P01024) Complement C4-A (P0C0L4) Complement C4-B (P0C0L5) (L248, A161) 27214 D014501 Uranium-238 6563 true Serotransferrin (P02787) Serum albumin (P02768) Ceruloplasmin (P00450) Hemopexin (P02790) Complement C3 (P01024) Complement C4-A (P0C0L4) Complement C4-B (P0C0L5) (L248, A161) [238U] U InChI=1S/U/i1+0 InChIKey=JFALSRSLKYAFGM-IGMARMGPSA-N 238.0508 238.050782583 Exogenous Solid