2929 Oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine is structurally a derivative of carbamazepine, adding an extra oxygen atom to the benzylcarboxamide group. This difference helps reduce the impact on the liver of metabolizing the drug, and also prevents the serious forms of anemia occasionally associated with carbamazepine. Aside from this reduction in side effects, it is thought to have the same mechanism as carbamazepine - sodium channel inhibition - and is generally used to treat partial seizures in epileptic children and adults. 28721-07-5 34312 C15H12N2O2 252.089880 White powder. 215.5°C 308 mg/L at 25°C (SRC PhysProp estimated -- MEYLAN,WM et al. (1996)) Completely absorbed following oral administration. Food has no effect on the rate and extent of absorption of oxcarbazepine. After single-dose administration of Trileptal tablets to healthy male volunteers under fasted conditions, the median tmax was 4.5 (range 3 to 13) hours. After single-dose administration of Trileptal oral suspension to healthy male volunteers under fasted conditions, the median tmax was six hours. Steady-state plasma concentrations of MHD are reached within 2-3 days in patients when Trileptal is given twice a day. The exact mechanism by which oxcarbazepine exerts its anticonvulsant effect is unknown. It is known that the pharmacological activity of oxcarbazepine occurs primarily through its 10-monohydroxy metabolite (MHD). In vitro studies indicate an MHD-induced blockade of voltage-sensitive sodium channels, resulting in stabilization of hyperexcited neuronal membranes, inhibition of repetitive neuronal discharges, and diminution of propagation of synaptic impulses. Oxcarbazepine is completely absorbed and extensively metabolized to its pharmacologically active 10-monohydroxy metabolite (MHD) by cytosolic enzymes. MHD is metabolized further by conjugation with glucuronic acid. Route of Elimination: Oxcarbazepine is cleared from the body mostly in the form of metabolites which are predominantly excreted by the kidneys. Fecal excretion accounts for less than 4% of the administered dose. Half Life: The half-life of the parent is about 2 hours, while the half-life of MHD is about 9 hours, so that MHD is responsible for most anti-epileptic activity. No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). For use as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures in adults with epilepsy and as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures in children ages 4-16 with epilepsy. May cause a potentially dangerous rash that may develop into Stevens Johnson syndrome, an extremely rare but potentially fatal skin disease. There is no specific antidote. Symptomatic and supportive treatment should be administered as appropriate. Removal of the drug by gastric lavage and/or inactivation by administering activated charcoal should be considered. (L1712) 2009-07-21T20:27:37Z 2014-12-24T20:25:52Z Oxcarbazepine C07492 7824 Oxcarbazepine DB00776 true OC(=N)N1C2=CC=CC=C2CC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C12 C15H12N2O2 InChI=1S/C15H12N2O2/c16-15(19)17-12-7-3-1-5-10(12)9-14(18)11-6-2-4-8-13(11)17/h1-8H,9H2,(H2,16,19) InChIKey=CTRLABGOLIVAIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 252.268 252.089877638 Exogenous Solid 1.5 HMDB14914 CHEMBL1068 31608 <p>Judith Aronhime, &#8220;New crystal forms of oxcarbazepine and processes for their preparation.&#8221; U.S. Patent US20030004154, issued January 02, 2003.</p>