<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <id type="integer">3021</id>
  <title>T3D2979</title>
  <common-name>Pilocarpine</common-name>
  <description>Pilocarpine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma. [PubChem]Pilocarpine is a cholinergic parasympathomimetic agent. It increase secretion by the exocrine glands, and produces contraction of the iris sphincter muscle and ciliary muscle (when given topically to the eyes) by mainly stimulating muscarinic receptors.</description>
  <cas>54-71-7</cas>
  <pubchem-id>5910</pubchem-id>
  <chemical-formula>C11H16N2O2</chemical-formula>
  <weight>208.121180</weight>
  <appearance>White powder.</appearance>
  <melting-point>204-205°C</melting-point>
  <boiling-point nil="true"/>
  <density nil="true"/>
  <solubility>1E+006 mg/L (at 25°C)</solubility>
  <specific-gravity nil="true"/>
  <flash-point nil="true"/>
  <vapour-pressure nil="true"/>
  <route-of-exposure>Oral ; eye contact. There was a decrease in the rate of absorption of pilocarpine from SALAGEN Tablets when taken with a high fat meal by 12 healthy male volunteers</route-of-exposure>
  <target nil="true"/>
  <mechanism-of-toxicity>Pilocarpine is a cholinergic parasympathomimetic agent. It increase secretion by the exocrine glands, and produces contraction of the iris sphincter muscle and ciliary muscle (when given topically to the eyes) by mainly stimulating muscarinic receptors.</mechanism-of-toxicity>
  <metabolism>Possibly occurs at the neuronal synapses and in the plasmaHalf Life: 0.76 hours</metabolism>
  <toxicity nil="true"/>
  <lethaldose nil="true"/>
  <carcinogenicity>No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).</carcinogenicity>
  <use-source>For the treatment of radiation-induced dry mouth (xerostomia) and symptoms of dry mouth in patients with Sj&amp;ouml;grens syndrome.</use-source>
  <min-risk-level nil="true"/>
  <health-effects nil="true"/>
  <symptoms></symptoms>
  <treatment>Overdosage should be treated with atropine titration (0. 5 mg to 1. 0 mg given subcutaneously or intravenously) and supportive measures to maintain respiration and circulation. Epinephrine (0. 3 mg to 1. 0 mg, subcutaneously or intramuscularly) may also be of value in the presence of severe cardiovascular depression or bronchoconstriction. (L1712)</treatment>
  <created-at type="dateTime">2009-07-21T20:28:20Z</created-at>
  <updated-at type="dateTime">2014-12-24T20:25:54Z</updated-at>
  <interacting-proteins nil="true"/>
  <wikipedia>Pilocarpine</wikipedia>
  <uniprot-id></uniprot-id>
  <kegg-compound-id>C07474</kegg-compound-id>
  <omim-id></omim-id>
  <chebi-id>39462</chebi-id>
  <biocyc-id></biocyc-id>
  <ctd-id nil="true"/>
  <stitch-id>Pilocarpine</stitch-id>
  <drugbank-id>DB01085</drugbank-id>
  <pdb-id>9PL</pdb-id>
  <actor-id nil="true"/>
  <organism nil="true"/>
  <export type="boolean">true</export>
  <metabolizing-proteins nil="true"/>
  <transporting-proteins nil="true"/>
  <moldb-smiles>[H][C@]1(CC2=CN=CN2C)COC(=O)[C@@]1([H])CC</moldb-smiles>
  <moldb-formula>C11H16N2O2</moldb-formula>
  <moldb-inchi>InChI=1S/C11H16N2O2/c1-3-10-8(6-15-11(10)14)4-9-5-12-7-13(9)2/h5,7-8,10H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3/t8-,10-/m0/s1</moldb-inchi>
  <moldb-inchikey>InChIKey=QCHFTSOMWOSFHM-WPRPVWTQSA-N</moldb-inchikey>
  <moldb-average-mass type="decimal">208.2569</moldb-average-mass>
  <moldb-mono-mass type="decimal">208.121177766</moldb-mono-mass>
  <origin>Exogenous</origin>
  <state>Solid</state>
  <logp>1.1</logp>
  <hmdb-id>HMDB15217</hmdb-id>
  <chembl-id>CHEMBL611494</chembl-id>
  <chemspider-id>5699</chemspider-id>
  <structure-image-file-name nil="true"/>
  <structure-image-content-type nil="true"/>
  <structure-image-file-size type="integer" nil="true"/>
  <structure-image-updated-at type="dateTime" nil="true"/>
  <biodb-id nil="true"/>
  <synthesis-reference>&lt;p&gt;Gerhard R. Reuther, &amp;#8220;Process for the preparation of pilocarpine from in vitro cultures of pilocarpus.&amp;#8221; U.S. Patent US5059531, issued June, 1987.&lt;/p&gt;</synthesis-reference>
  <structure-image-caption nil="true"/>
</compound>
