Platelet factor 4

NamePlatelet factor 4
Synonyms
  • C-X-C motif chemokine 4
  • CXCL4
  • Iroplact
  • Oncostatin-A
  • PF-4
  • SCYB4
Gene NamePF4
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0010788|Platelet factor 4
MSSAAGFCASRPGLLFLGLLLLPLVVAFASAEAEEDGDLQCLCVKTTSQVRPRHITSLEV
IKAGPHCPTAQLIATLKNGRKICLDLQAPLYKKIIKKLLES
Number of residues101
Molecular Weight10844.78
Theoretical pI8.78
GO Classification
Functions
  • heparin binding
  • chemokine activity
  • CXCR3 chemokine receptor binding
Processes
  • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
  • leukocyte chemotaxis
  • negative regulation of cytolysis
  • platelet degranulation
  • negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
  • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
  • negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
  • positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
  • positive regulation of cAMP metabolic process
  • positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation
  • positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
  • response to lipopolysaccharide
  • cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
  • positive regulation of gene expression
  • blood coagulation
  • immune response
  • positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling
  • negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand
  • chemokine-mediated signaling pathway
  • inflammatory response
  • negative regulation of angiogenesis
  • platelet activation
  • positive regulation of macrophage differentiation
  • regulation of cell proliferation
Components
  • platelet alpha granule lumen
  • extracellular region
  • extracellular space
General FunctionHeparin binding
Specific FunctionReleased during platelet aggregation. Neutralizes the anticoagulant effect of heparin because it binds more strongly to heparin than to the chondroitin-4-sulfate chains of the carrier molecule. Chemotactic for neutrophils and monocytes. Inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, the short form is a more potent inhibitor than the longer form.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane RegionsNot Available
GenBank Protein ID189851
UniProtKB IDP02776
UniProtKB Entry NamePLF4_HUMAN
Cellular LocationSecreted
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0010789|Platelet factor 4 (PF4)
ATGAGCTCCGCAGCCGGGTTCTGCGCCTCACGCCCCGGGCTGCTGTTCCTGGGGTTGCTG
CTCCTGCCACTTGTGGTCGCCTTCGCCAGCGCTGAAGCTGAAGAAGATGGGGACCTGCAG
TGCCTGTGTGTGAAGACCACCTCCCAGGTCCGTCCCAGGCACATCACCAGCCTGGAGGTG
ATCAAGGCCGGACCCCACTGCCCCACTGCCCAACTGATAGCCACGCTGAAGAATGGAAGG
AAAATTTGCTTGGACCTGCAAGCCCCGCTGTACAAGAAAATAATTAAGAAACTTTTGGAG
AGTTAG
GenBank Gene IDM25897
GeneCard IDNot Available
GenAtlas IDPF4
HGNC IDHGNC:8861
Chromosome Location4
Locus4q12-q21
References
  1. Poncz M, Surrey S, LaRocco P, Weiss MJ, Rappaport EF, Conway TM, Schwartz E: Cloning and characterization of platelet factor 4 cDNA derived from a human erythroleukemic cell line. Blood. 1987 Jan;69(1):219-23. 3098319
  2. Eisman R, Surrey S, Ramachandran B, Schwartz E, Poncz M: Structural and functional comparison of the genes for human platelet factor 4 and PF4alt. Blood. 1990 Jul 15;76(2):336-44. 1695112
  3. Zhang C, Thornton MA, Kowalska MA, Sachis BS, Feldman M, Poncz M, McKenzie SE, Reilly MP: Localization of distal regulatory domains in the megakaryocyte-specific platelet basic protein/platelet factor 4 gene locus. Blood. 2001 Aug 1;98(3):610-7. 11468158
  4. Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Pepin KH, Minx P, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Kremitzki C, Oddy L, Du H, Sun H, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Carter J, Cordes M, Harris A, Isak A, van Brunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Abbott S, Armstrong J, Belter EA, Caruso L, Cedroni M, Cotton M, Davidson T, Desai A, Elliott G, Erb T, Fronick C, Gaige T, Haakenson W, Haglund K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Kim K, Kruchowski SS, Strong CM, Grewal N, Goyea E, Hou S, Levy A, Martinka S, Mead K, McLellan MD, Meyer R, Randall-Maher J, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Shah N, Swearengen-Shahid S, Snider J, Strong JT, Thompson J, Yoakum M, Leonard S, Pearman C, Trani L, Radionenko M, Waligorski JE, Wang C, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Maupin R, Latreille P, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Pohl C, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Berkowicz N, Nelson JO, Osborne J, Ding L, Meyer R, Sabo A, Shotland Y, Sinha P, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Jones TA, She X, Ciccarelli FD, Izaurralde E, Taylor J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Cox DR, Huang X, McPherson JD, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Warren WC, Chinwalla AT, Eddy SR, Marra MA, Ovcharenko I, Furey TS, Miller W, Eichler EE, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. Nature. 2005 Apr 7;434(7034):724-31. 15815621
  5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. 15489334
  6. Hermodson M, Schmer G, Kurachi K: Isolation, crystallization, and primary amino acid sequence of human platelet factor 4. J Biol Chem. 1977 Sep 25;252(18):6276-9. 893407
  7. Deuel TF, Keim PS, Farmer M, Heinrikson RL: Amino acid sequence of human platelet factor 4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Jun;74(6):2256-8. 267922
  8. Walz DA, Wu VY, de Lamo R, Dene H, McCoy LE: Primary structure of human platelet factor 4. Thromb Res. 1977 Dec;11(6):893-8. 601757
  9. Morgan FJ, Begg GS, Chesterman CN: Complete covalent structure of human platelet factor 4. Thromb Haemost. 1980 Feb 29;42(5):1652-60. 6445090
  10. Gupta SK, Hassel T, Singh JP: A potent inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation is generated by proteolytic cleavage of the chemokine platelet factor 4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Aug 15;92(17):7799-803. 7644496
  11. Kuo JH, Chen YP, Liu JS, Dubrac A, Quemener C, Prats H, Bikfalvi A, Wu WG, Sue SC: Alternative C-terminal helix orientation alters chemokine function: structure of the anti-angiogenic chemokine, CXCL4L1. J Biol Chem. 2013 May 10;288(19):13522-33. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.455329. Epub 2013 Mar 27. 23536183
  12. Zhang X, Chen L, Bancroft DP, Lai CK, Maione TE: Crystal structure of recombinant human platelet factor 4. Biochemistry. 1994 Jul 12;33(27):8361-6. 8031770
  13. Mayo KH, Roongta V, Ilyina E, Milius R, Barker S, Quinlan C, La Rosa G, Daly TJ: NMR solution structure of the 32-kDa platelet factor 4 ELR-motif N-terminal chimera: a symmetric tetramer. Biochemistry. 1995 Sep 12;34(36):11399-409. 7547867