Lactotransferrin

NameLactotransferrin
Synonyms
  • 3.4.21.-
  • GIG12
  • Growth-inhibiting protein 12
  • Lactoferrin
  • LF
  • Talalactoferrin
Gene NameLTF
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0001979|Lactotransferrin
MKLVFLVLLFLGALGLCLAGRRRSVQWCAVSQPEATKCFQWQRNMRKVRGPPVSCIKRDS
PIQCIQAIAENRADAVTLDGGFIYEAGLAPYKLRPVAAEVYGTERQPRTHYYAVAVVKKG
GSFQLNELQGLKSCHTGLRRTAGWNVPIGTLRPFLNWTGPPEPIEAAVARFFSASCVPGA
DKGQFPNLCRLCAGTGENKCAFSSQEPYFSYSGAFKCLRDGAGDVAFIRESTVFEDLSDE
AERDEYELLCPDNTRKPVDKFKDCHLARVPSHAVVARSVNGKEDAIWNLLRQAQEKFGKD
KSPKFQLFGSPSGQKDLLFKDSAIGFSRVPPRIDSGLYLGSGYFTAIQNLRKSEEEVAAR
RARVVWCAVGEQELRKCNQWSGLSEGSVTCSSASTTEDCIALVLKGEADAMSLDGGYVYT
AGKCGLVPVLAENYKSQQSSDPDPNCVDRPVEGYLAVAVVRRSDTSLTWNSVKGKKSCHT
AVDRTAGWNIPMGLLFNQTGSCKFDEYFSQSCAPGSDPRSNLCALCIGDEQGENKCVPNS
NERYYGYTGAFRCLAENAGDVAFVKDVTVLQNTDGNNNEAWAKDLKLADFALLCLDGKRK
PVTEARSCHLAMAPNHAVVSRMDKVERLKQVLLHQQAKFGRNGSDCPDKFCLFQSETKNL
LFNDNTECLARLHGKTTYEKYLGPQYVAGITNLKKCSTSPLLEACEFLRK
Number of residues710
Molecular Weight78181.225
Theoretical pI8.17
GO Classification
Functions
  • iron ion binding
  • heparin binding
  • serine-type endopeptidase activity
  • protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
  • DNA binding
Processes
  • antibacterial humoral response
  • interaction with host
  • negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
  • innate immune response in mucosa
  • negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production
  • negative regulation of viral genome replication
  • positive regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation
  • regulation of cytokine production
  • positive regulation of chondrocyte proliferation
  • positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation
  • cellular protein metabolic process
  • regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
  • antifungal humoral response
  • negative regulation of apoptotic process
  • response to host immune response
  • transcription, DNA-templated
  • negative regulation of ATPase activity
  • positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation
  • ion transport
  • negative regulation of viral process
  • ossification
  • positive regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
  • phagosome maturation
  • retina homeostasis
  • negative regulation by host of viral process
  • positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
  • bone morphogenesis
  • iron assimilation by chelation and transport
  • positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
  • negative regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
  • positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity
  • humoral immune response
  • negative regulation of osteoclast development
Components
  • cell surface
  • extracellular exosome
  • secretory granule
  • specific granule
  • cytoplasm
  • protein complex
  • extracellular region
  • phagocytic vesicle lumen
  • nucleus
  • extracellular space
General FunctionSerine-type endopeptidase activity
Specific FunctionTransferrins are iron binding transport proteins which can bind two Fe(3+) ions in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate.Lactotransferrin is a major iron-binding and multifunctional protein found in exocrine fluids such as breast milk and mucosal secretions. Has antimicrobial activity, which depends on the extracellular cation concentration. Antimicrobial properties include bacteriostasis, which is related to its ability to sequester free iron and thus inhibit microbial growth, as well as direct bactericidal properties leading to the release of lipopolysaccharides from the bacterial outer membrane. Can also prevent bacterial biofilm development in P.aeruginosa infection. Has weak antifungal activity against C.albicans. Has anabolic, differentiating and anti-apoptotic effects on osteoblasts and can also inhibit osteoclastogenesis, possibly playing a role in the regulation of bone growth. Promotes binding of species C adenoviruses to epithelial cells, promoting adenovirus infection. Can inhibit papillomavirus infections. Stimulates the TLR4 signaling pathway leading to NF-kappa-B activation and subsequent pro-inflammatory cytokine production while also interfering with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated TLR4 signaling. Inhibits neutrophil granulocyte migration to sites of apoptosis, when secreted by apoptotic cells. Stimulates VEGFA-mediated endothelial cell migration and proliferation. Binds heparin, chondroitin sulfate and possibly other glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Also binds specifically to pneumococcal surface protein A (pspA), the lipid A portion of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lysozyme and DNA.Lactoferricin binds to the bacterial surface and is crucial for the bactericidal functions. Has some antiviral activity against papillomavirus infection. N-terminal region shows strong antifungal activity against C.albicans. Contains two BBXB heparin-binding consensus sequences that appear to form the predominate functional GAG-binding site.Kaliocin-1 has antimicrobial activity and is able to permeabilize different ions through liposomal membranes.Lactoferroxins A, B and C have opioid antagonist activity. Lactoferroxin A shows preference for mu-receptors, while lactoferroxin B and C have somewhat higher degrees of preference for kappa-receptors than for mu-receptors.The lactotransferrin transferrin-like domain 1 functions as a serine protease of the peptidase S60 family that cuts arginine rich regions. This function contributes to the antimicrobial activity.Isoform DeltaLf: transcription factor with antiproliferative properties and ability to induce cell cycle arrest. Binds to the DeltaLf response element found in the SKP1, BAX, DCPS, and SELH promoters.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane RegionsNot Available
GenBank Protein ID34416
UniProtKB IDP02788
UniProtKB Entry NameTRFL_HUMAN
Cellular LocationSecreted
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0020499|Lactotransferrin (LTF)
ATGAGAAAAGTGCGTGGCCCTCCTGTCAGCTGCATAAAGAGAGACTCCCCCATCCAGTGT
ATCCAGGCCATTGCGGAAAACAGGGCCGATGCTGTGACCCTTGATGGTGGTTTCATATAC
GAGGCAGGCCTGGCCCCCTACAAACTGCGACCTGTAGCGGCGGAAGTCTACGGGACCGAA
AGACAGCCACGAACTCACTATTATGCCGTGGCTGTGGTGAAGAAGGGCGGCAGCTTTCAG
CTGAACGAACTGCAAGGTCTGAAGTCCTGCCACACAGGCCTTCGCAGGACCGCTGGATGG
AATGTCCCTATAGGGACACTTCGTCCATTCTTGAATTGGACGGGTCCACCTGAGCCCATT
GAGGCAGCTGTGGCCAGGTTCTTCTCAGCCAGCTGTGTTCCCGGTGCAGATAAAGGACAG
TTCCCCAACCTGTGTCGCCTGTGTGCGGGGACAGGGGAAAACAAATGTGCCTTCTCCTCC
CAGGAACCGTACTTCAGCTACTCTGGTGCCTTCAAGTGTCTGAGAGACGGGGCTGGAGAC
GTGGCTTTTATCAGAGAGAGCACAGTGTTTGAGGACCTGTCAGACGAGGCTGAAAGGGAC
GAGTATGAGTTACTCTGCCCAGACAACACTCGGAAGCCAGTGGACAAGTTCAAAGACTGC
CATCTGGCCCGGGTCCCTTCTCATGCCGTTGTGGCACGAAGTGTGAATGGCAAGGAGGAT
GCCATCTGGAATCTTCTCCGCCAGGCACAGGAAAAGTTTGGAAAGGACAAGTCACCGAAA
TTCCAGCTCTTTGGCTCCCCTAGTGGGCAGAAAGATCTGCTGTTCAAGGACTCTGCCATT
GGGTTTTCGAGGGTGCCCCCGAGGATAGATTCTGGGCTGTACCTTGGCTCCGGCTACTTC
ACTGCCATCCAGAACTTGAGGAAAAGTGAGGAGGAAGTGGCTGCCCGGCGTGCGCGGGTC
GTGTGGTGTGCGGTGGGCGAGCAGGAGCTGCGCAAGTGTAACCAGTGGAGTGGCTTGAGC
GAAGGCAGCGTGACCTGCTCCTCGGCCTCCACCACAGAGGACTGCATCGCCCTGGTGCTG
AAAGGAGAAGCTGATGCCATGAGTTTGGATGGAGGATATGTGTACACTGCAGGCAAATGT
GGTTTGGTGCCTGTCCTGGCAGAGAACTACAAATCCCAACAAAGCAGTGACCCTGATCCT
AACTGTGTGGATAGACCTGTGGAAGGATATCTTGCTGTGGCGGTGGTTAGGAGATCAGAC
ACTAGCCTTACCTGGAACTCTGTGAAAGGCAAGAAGTCCTGCCACACCGCCGTGGACAGG
ACTGCAGGCTGGAATATCCCCATGGGCCTGCTCTTCAACCAGACGGGCTCCTGCAAATTT
GATGAATATTTCAGTCAAAGCTGTGCCCCTGGGTCTGACCCGAGATCTAATCTCTGTGCT
CTGTGTATTGGCGACGAGCAGGGTGAGAATAAGTGCGTGCCCAACAGCAACGAGAGATAC
TACGGCTACACTGGGGCTTTCCGGTGCCTGGCTGAGAATGCTGGAGACGTTGCATTTGTG
AAAGATGTCACTGTCTTGCAGAACACTGATGGAAATAACAATGAGGCATGGGCTAAGGAT
TTGAAGCTGGCAGACTTTGCGCTGCTGTGCCTCGATGGCAAACGGAAGCCTGTGACTGAG
GCTAGAAGCTGCCATCTTGCCATGGCCCCGAATCATGCCGTGGTGTCTCGGATGGATAAG
GTGGAACGCCTGAAACAGGTGTTGCTCCACCAACAGGCTAAATTTGGGAGAAATGGATCT
GACTGCCCGGACAAGTTTTGCTTATTCCAGTCTGAAACCAAAAACCTTCTGTTCAATGAC
AACACTGAGTGTCTGGCCAGACTCCATGGCAAAACAACATATGAAAAATATTTGGGACCA
CAGTATGTCGCAGGCATTACTAATCTGAAAAAGTGCTCAACCTCCCCCCTCCTGGAAGCC
TGTGAATTCCTCAGGAAGTAA
GenBank Gene IDX53961
GeneCard IDNot Available
GenAtlas IDLTF
HGNC IDHGNC:6720
Chromosome Location3
Locus3q21-q23
References
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