T3DB: Salicylic acid

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Identification Taxonomy Biological Properties Physical Properties Toxicity Profile Spectra Concentrations Links References Gene Regulation Targets (4)XML

Targets (4)

Record Information

Version

2.0

Creation Date

2014-09-11 05:17:50 UTC

Update Date

2014-12-24 20:26:57 UTC

Accession Number

T3D4816

Identification

Common Name

Salicylic acid

Class

Small Molecule

Description

A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves, and also prepared synthetically. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions. Its salts, the salicylates, are used as analgesics.

Compound Type

Anti-Infective Agent
Antifungal Agent
Drug
Ester
Food Toxin
Household Toxin
Keratolytic Agent
Metabolite
Natural Compound
Organic Compound
Plant Toxin
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF 3D-SDF PDB SMILES InChI View 3D Structure

Synonyms

Synonym
2-Carboxyphenol
2-Hydroxybenzenecarboxylate
2-Hydroxybenzenecarboxylic acid
2-Hydroxybenzoate
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid
Advanced Pain Relief Callus Removers
Advanced Pain Relief Corn Removers
Clear away Wart Remover
Compound W
Dr. Scholl'S Callus Removers
Dr. Scholl'S Corn Removers
Dr. Scholl'S Wart Remover Kit
Duofil Wart Remover
Duoplant
Freezone
Ionil
Ionil Plus
Ionil Plus shampoo
K 537
K 557
Keralyt
O-Carboxyphenol
O-Hydroxybenzoate
O-Hydroxybenzoic acid
Phenol-2-carboxylate
Phenol-2-carboxylic acid
Psoriacid-S-Stift
Retarder W
Rutranex
Salicylate
Salicylic acid collodion
Salicylic acid Soap
Saligel
Salonil
Stri-Dex
Stridex
Trans-Ver-Sal

Chemical Formula

C₇H₆O₃

Average Molecular Mass

138.121 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

138.032 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

69-72-7

IUPAC Name

2-hydroxybenzoic acid

Traditional Name

salicylic

SMILES

OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C7H6O3/c8-6-4-2-1-3-5(6)7(9)10/h1-4,8H,(H,9,10)

InChI Key

InChIKey=YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as salicylic acids. These are ortho-hydroxylated benzoic acids.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Benzenoids

Class

Benzene and substituted derivatives

Sub Class

Benzoic acids and derivatives

Direct Parent

Salicylic acids

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Salicylic acid
Benzoic acid
Benzoyl
1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
Phenol
Vinylogous acid
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acid derivative
Organic oxygen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Aromatic homomonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

monohydroxybenzoic acid (CHEBI:16914 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Liver
Skin

Pathways

Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Not Available

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	158°C
Boiling Point	211°C at 2.00E+01 mm Hg
Solubility	2240 mg/L (at 25°C)
LogP	2.26

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	11.3 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	1.96	ALOGPS
logP	1.98	ChemAxon
logS	-1.1	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	2.79	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-6.3	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	3	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	57.53 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	ChemAxon
Refractivity	35.3 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	12.81 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)	splash10-014i-3890000000-62eae168a9d7ab3ada6f	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00du-9700000000-e1e2ee6b61d86c596403	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014i-3890000000-62eae168a9d7ab3ada6f	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014i-2960000000-1b6b46cbb2b643b71448	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0079-8900000000-e8ee46d81fcc1ce3766e	2016-09-22	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-006x-8950000000-9ed3a56f2b2654ba281f	2017-10-06	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Negative (Annotated)	splash10-059j-9600000000-54545731fceee84be340	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Negative (Annotated)	splash10-00xu-9500000000-2f1c989b672669aaf083	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Negative (Annotated)	splash10-0gb9-9000000000-a0049e982e8ecd7ab730	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-000i-0900000000-f1e71df6894bcc8dda74	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-0006-9200000000-f9fd317c182ec7ca90dc	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-2b17aea4ee0ddd6321cf	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-320b7cd879b61439cf42	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-7d1b96d60026076a7ecc	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF , Negative	splash10-002b-0496100000-97708001d2a6d031beff	2017-08-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 10V, Negative	splash10-002b-0496100000-97708001d2a6d031beff	2017-08-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF , Negative	splash10-002b-0496100000-97708001d2a6d031beff	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 10V, Negative	splash10-000i-0900000000-f88c693bac9b89416a52	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negative	splash10-0006-9400000000-b0fb5458dfa73429b976	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negative	splash10-0006-9400000000-b0fb5458dfa73429b976	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negative	splash10-0006-9100000000-237ee14e8af5262c0dab	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-3ec5d7a9114e37b8af2a	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-d8fdab29114453b10280	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-4a337e3639c9f42a9000	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-2deb0e843e099fdcea99	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negative	splash10-00kf-9000000000-951b374b351c5534628a	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negative	splash10-014l-9000000000-4ea52d5aa4344a40c007	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-000i-0900000000-f1e71df6894bcc8dda74	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0006-9200000000-65f3f297188dc07b53be	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-2b17aea4ee0ddd6321cf	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-320b7cd879b61439cf42	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-00du-9600000000-6d4a0ff2d48d814b5c54	2014-09-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Not Available	2012-12-04	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, experimental)	Not Available	2016-10-22	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, experimental)	Not Available	2016-10-22	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹H]-TOCSY. Unexported temporarily by An Chi on Oct 15, 2021 until json or nmrML file is generated. 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental)	Not Available	2012-12-04	View Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Not Available	2012-12-05	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

Salicylic acid directly and irreversibly inhibits the activity of both types of cyclo-oxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) to decrease the formation of precursors of prostaglandins and thromboxanes from arachidonic acid. Salicylate may competitively inhibit prostaglandin formation. Salicylate's antirheumatic (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory) actions are a result of its analgesic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Salicylic acid is a key ingredient in many skin-care products for the treatment of acne, psoriasis, calluses, corns, keratosis pilaris, and warts. It works by causing the cells of the epidermis to slough off more readily, preventing pores from clogging up, and allowing room for new cell growth. Because of its effect on skin cells, salicylic acid is used in several shampoos used to treat dandruff. Salicylic acid is also used as an active ingredient in gels which remove verrucas (plantar warts). Salicylic acid inhibits the oxidation of uridine-5-diphosphoglucose (UDPG) competitively with nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD) and noncompetitively with UDPG. It also competitively inhibits the transferring of glucuronyl group of uridine-5-phosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA) to the phenolic acceptor. The wound-healing retardation action of salicylates is probably due mainly to its inhibitory action on mucopolysaccharide synthesis.

Metabolism

Not Available

Toxicity Values

Oral rat LD50: 891 mg/kg. Inhalation rat LC50: > 900 mg/m3/1hr. Irritation: skin rabbit: 500 mg/24H mild. Eye rabbit: 100 mg severe.

Lethal Dose

Not Available

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Uses/Sources

Key additive in many skin-care products for the treatment of acne, psoriasis, callouses, corns, keratosis pilaris and warts.

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Health Effects

Investigated as a mutagen and reproductive effector.

Symptoms

Not Available

Treatment

Not Available

Normal Concentrations

Not Available

Abnormal Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

HMDB ID

PubChem Compound ID

ChEMBL ID

ChemSpider ID

KEGG ID

UniProt ID

Not Available

OMIM ID

ChEBI ID

16914

BioCyc ID

Not Available

CTD ID

Not Available

Stitch ID

Not Available

PDB ID

SAL

ACToR ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Salicyclic_acid

References

Synthesis Reference

Howard Jones, Robert W. Houser, “Process for preparing 4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-salicyclic acid.” U.S. Patent US4225730, issued August, 1972.

MSDS

Link

General References

Vane JR: Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis as a mechanism of action for aspirin-like drugs. Nat New Biol. 1971 Jun 23;231(25):232-5. [5284360 ]
Flower R, Gryglewski R, Herbaczynska-Cedro K, Vane JR: Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on prostaglandin biosynthesis. Nat New Biol. 1972 Jul 26;238(82):104-6. [4505422 ]
Khan AZ, Aarons L: A note on the use of salicylate saliva concentration in clinical pharmacokinetic studies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1989 Oct;41(10):710-1. [2575150 ]
Vila MM, Tubino M, de Oliveira Neto G: Determination of salicylate in blood serum by flow injection with immobilized salicylate hydroxylase. J AOAC Int. 2001 Sep-Oct;84(5):1363-9. [11601455 ]
Zaugg S, Zhang X, Sweedler J, Thormann W: Determination of salicylate, gentisic acid and salicyluric acid in human urine by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2001 Mar 5;752(1):17-31. [11254191 ]
Berkovitch M, Uziel Y, Greenberg R, Chen-Levy Z, Arcusin M, Marcus O, Pinto O, Evans S, Matias A, Lahat E: False-high blood salicylate levels in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Ther Drug Monit. 2000 Dec;22(6):757-61. [11128247 ]
Rutner M, Fitzek J, Jahnel-Kracht H, Otto J, Krause W: [Therapy of rheumatic disease with a hydroxyethylsalicylate gel. Results of 2 clinical studies of effectiveness and bioavailability]. Fortschr Med. 1995 Mar 20;113(8):111-3. [7759034 ]
Goussis OS, Theodoropoulos TJ: Dilantin and salicylate effects on hepatic thyroxine bio-availability and dialyzable thyroxine. Horm Metab Res. 1990 Jun;22(6):342-4. [2379917 ]
Benfeldt E, Serup J, Menne T: Microdialysis vs. suction blister technique for in vivo sampling of pharmacokinetics in the human dermis. Acta Derm Venereol. 1999 Sep;79(5):338-42. [10494706 ]
Ndovi TT, Choi L, Caffo B, Parsons T, Baker S, Zhao M, Rohde C, Hendrix CW: Quantitative assessment of seminal vesicle and prostate drug concentrations by use of a noninvasive method. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Aug;80(2):146-58. [16890576 ]
Kocoshis SA, Wong CT: Sodium salicylate and bile acid-induced colonic secretion in the rat. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1991 May-Jun;21(3):197-204. [2064304 ]
Owen SG, Francis HW, Roberts MS: Disappearance kinetics of solutes from synovial fluid after intra-articular injection. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1994 Oct;38(4):349-55. [7833225 ]
Quaranta A, Portalatini P, Camporeale M, Sallustio V: Effects of salicylates on evoked otoacoustic emissions and remote masking in humans. Audiology. 1999 May-Jun;38(3):174-9. [10437688 ]
Yoshida NH, Roberts MS: Prediction of cathodal iontophoretic transport of various anions across excised skin from different vehicles using conductivity measurements. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1995 Nov;47(11):883-90. [8708980 ]
Alanko K, Stubb S, Salo OP, Reitamo S: Suction blister fluid histamine in fixed drug eruption. Acta Derm Venereol. 1992;72(2):89-91. [1350413 ]
Singh P, Anliker M, Smith GA, Zavortink D, Maibach HI: Transdermal iontophoresis and solute penetration across excised human skin. J Pharm Sci. 1995 Nov;84(11):1342-6. [8587053 ]
Hazouard E, Grimbert M, Jonville-Berra AP, De Toffol MC, Legras A: [Salicylism and glaucoma: reciprocal augmentation of the toxicity of acetazolamide and acetylsalicylic acid]. J Fr Ophtalmol. 1999 Feb;22(1):73-5. [10221197 ]
Schmook FP, Meingassner JG, Billich A: Comparison of human skin or epidermis models with human and animal skin in in-vitro percutaneous absorption. Int J Pharm. 2001 Mar 14;215(1-2):51-6. [11250091 ]
Pirola R, Bareggi SR, De Benedittis G: Determination of acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid in skin and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1998 Feb 13;705(2):309-15. [9521569 ]
Kunkel A, Watzig H: Pharmacokinetic investigations with direct injection of plasma samples: possible savings using capillary electrophoresis (CE). Arch Pharm (Weinheim). 1999 May;332(5):175-8. [10366903 ]
Azaroual, Imbenotte M, Cartigny B, Lhermitte M, Vermeersch G: [Identification and quantification of exogenous metabolites in biological liquids with new development in NMR spectroscopy in one and two dimensions]. Acta Clin Belg Suppl. 1999;1:97-100. [10216993 ]
Baggott JE, Morgan SL, Ha T, Vaughn WH, Hine RJ: Inhibition of folate-dependent enzymes by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Biochem J. 1992 Feb 15;282 ( Pt 1):197-202. [1540135 ]

Gene Regulation

Up-Regulated Genes

Not Available

Down-Regulated Genes

Not Available

Targets

Target Details

1. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1

General Function:: Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity
Specific Function:: Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Involved in the constitutive production of prostanoids in particular in the stomach and platelets. In gastric epithelial cells, it is a key step in the generation of prostaglandins, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays an important role in cytoprotection. In platelets, it is involved in the generation of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), which promotes platelet activation and aggregation, vasoconstriction and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells.
Gene Name:: PTGS1
Uniprot ID:: P23219
Molecular Weight:: 68685.82 Da

References

Moon C, Ahn M, Jee Y, Heo S, Kim S, Kim H, Sim KB, Koh CS, Shin YG, Shin T: Sodium salicylate-induced amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats is associated with the suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenases. Neurosci Lett. 2004 Feb 12;356(2):123-6. [14746879 ]
Graham GG, Scott KF: Mechanisms of action of paracetamol and related analgesics. Inflammopharmacology. 2003;11(4):401-13. [15035793 ]
Sun R, Carlson NG, Hemmert AC, Kishore BK: P2Y2 receptor-mediated release of prostaglandin E2 by IMCD is altered in hydrated and dehydrated rats: relevance to AVP-independent regulation of IMCD function. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2005 Sep;289(3):F585-92. Epub 2005 Apr 19. [15840771 ]
Celik G, Pasaoglu G, Bavbek S, Abadoglu O, Dursun B, Mungan D, Misirligil Z: Tolerability of selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, celecoxib, in patients with analgesic intolerance. J Asthma. 2005 Mar;42(2):127-31. [15871445 ]
Liu X, Lee TL, Wong PT: Cyclooxygenase-1 inhibition shortens the duration of diazepam-induced loss of righting reflex in mice. Anesth Analg. 2006 Jan;102(1):135-40. [16368818 ]
Vane JR: Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis as a mechanism of action for aspirin-like drugs. Nat New Biol. 1971 Jun 23;231(25):232-5. [5284360 ]
Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [11752352 ]

Target Details

2. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2

General Function:: Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity
Specific Function:: Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Constitutively expressed in some tissues in physiological conditions, such as the endothelium, kidney and brain, and in pathological conditions, such as in cancer. PTGS2 is responsible for production of inflammatory prostaglandins. Up-regulation of PTGS2 is also associated with increased cell adhesion, phenotypic changes, resistance to apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis. In cancer cells, PTGS2 is a key step in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays important roles in modulating motility, proliferation and resistance to apoptosis.
Gene Name:: PTGS2
Uniprot ID:: P35354
Molecular Weight:: 68995.625 Da

References

Graham GG, Scott KF: Mechanisms of action of paracetamol and related analgesics. Inflammopharmacology. 2003;11(4):401-13. [15035793 ]
Fiebich BL, Chrubasik S: Effects of an ethanolic salix extract on the release of selected inflammatory mediators in vitro. Phytomedicine. 2004 Feb;11(2-3):135-8. [15070163 ]
Chae HJ, Chae SW, Reed JC, Kim HR: Salicylate regulates COX-2 expression through ERK and subsequent NF-kappaB activation in osteoblasts. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2004 Feb;26(1):75-91. [15106733 ]
Wu KK: Aspirin and other cyclooxygenase inhibitors: new therapeutic insights. Semin Vasc Med. 2003 May;3(2):107-12. [15199473 ]
Elvira C, Gallardo A, Lacroix N, Schacht E, San Roman J: Incorporation of salicylic acid derivatives to hydrophilic copolymer systems with biomedical applications. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2001 Jun;12(6):535-42. [15348270 ]
Vane JR: Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis as a mechanism of action for aspirin-like drugs. Nat New Biol. 1971 Jun 23;231(25):232-5. [5284360 ]

Target Details

3. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1

General Function:: Trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase activity
Specific Function:: Converts progesterone to its inactive form, 20-alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone (20-alpha-OHP). In the liver and intestine, may have a role in the transport of bile. May have a role in monitoring the intrahepatic bile acid concentration. Has a low bile-binding ability. May play a role in myelin formation.
Gene Name:: AKR1C1
Uniprot ID:: Q04828
Molecular Weight:: 36788.02 Da

References

Dhagat U, Carbone V, Chung RP, Matsunaga T, Endo S, Hara A, El-Kabbani O: A salicylic acid-based analogue discovered from virtual screening as a potent inhibitor of human 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Med Chem. 2007 Nov;3(6):546-50. [18045204 ]

Target Details

4. Androgen receptor

General Function:: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:: Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription factor activity is modulated by bound coactivator and corepressor proteins. Transcription activation is down-regulated by NR0B2. Activated, but not phosphorylated, by HIPK3 and ZIPK/DAPK3.
Gene Name:: AR
Uniprot ID:: P10275
Molecular Weight:: 98987.9 Da

Binding/Activity Constants

Type	Value	Assay Type	Assay Source
AC50	1.06 uM	ATG_AR_TRANS	Attagene

References

Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]

Salicylic acid (T3D4816)

Structure for T3D4816: Salicylic acid

Targets

References

References

References

Binding/Activity Constants

References