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Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2009-03-06 18:58:20 UTC
Update Date2014-12-24 20:21:23 UTC
Accession NumberT3D0237
Identification
Common NameEthoprop
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionEthoprop is an organophosphate acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide. It is extremely toxic to mammals. (2, 3)
Compound Type
  • Organic Compound
  • Organophosphate
  • Pesticide
  • Synthetic Compound
Chemical Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Synonym
Mocap
O-ethyl S,S-dipropyl dithiophosphate
O-Ethyl S,S-dipropyl phosphorodithioate
O-ethyl S,S-dipropylphosphorodithioate
O-ethyl-S,S-dipropyl phosphorodiothioate
O-ethyl-S,S-dipropyl phosphorodithionate
Phophos
Phosethoprop
Phosphorodithioic acid O-ethyl S,S-dipropyl ester
Phosphorodithioic acid, O-ethyl S,S-dipropyl ester
Prophos
Rovokil
S,S-dipropyl O-ethyl phosphorodithioate
Chemical FormulaC8H19O2PS2
Average Molecular Mass242.339 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass242.056 g/mol
CAS Registry Number13194-48-4
IUPAC Nameethyl bis(propylsulfanyl)phosphinate
Traditional Namemocap
SMILESCCCSP(=O)(OCC)SCCC
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C8H19O2PS2/c1-4-7-12-11(9,10-6-3)13-8-5-2/h4-8H2,1-3H3
InChI KeyInChIKey=VJYFKVYYMZPMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organothiophosphorus compounds. These are organic derivatives of thiophosphonic acid, thiophosphoric acid, dithiophosphoric acid, or phosphorotrithioic acid, or derivatives thereof. Thiophosphonic acid, dithiophosphoric acid, thiophosphoric acid, and phosphorotrithioic acid are thiophosphorus compounds with the formula OP(O)(=S), OP(S)(=S)O, OP(O)(=S)O, and OP(=S)(S)S, respectively.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganophosphorus compounds
ClassOrganothiophosphorus compounds
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentOrganothiophosphorus compounds
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Sulfenyl compound
  • Organothiophosphorus compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organosulfur compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
Applications
Biological Roles
Chemical Roles
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
AppearanceEthoprop is a clear yellow-tinted liquid with a strong mercaptan odor. (2)
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point-13°C
Boiling Point86-91 °C at 0.2 mmHg.
Solubility0.75 mg/mL at 25 °C [WAUCHOPE,RD et al.(1991A)]
LogPNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1.07 g/LALOGPS
logP2.86ALOGPS
logP3.22ChemAxon
logS-2.4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)-7.4ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area26.3 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count8ChemAxon
Refractivity64.39 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability25.72 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2020-08-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT 7V, positivesplash10-01bc-0690000000-8681ace6768e1d9f63262020-08-04View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT 14V, positivesplash10-00e9-0920000000-81a32023fd3cacfdcfc32020-08-04View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT 21V, positivesplash10-001i-1900000000-49bb2e6fed257324d78c2020-08-04View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT 29V, positivesplash10-01q9-2900000000-da41148114fe30189cc52020-08-04View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT 36V, positivesplash10-03di-2900000000-db020804cf496556e55a2020-08-04View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT 43V, positivesplash10-03di-3900000000-a080635f80f4e6f9d75b2020-08-04View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT 58V, positivesplash10-03di-8900000000-45f290cd35be0f6206142020-08-04View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT 72V, positivesplash10-03di-9300000000-cd17582805e0be99726e2020-08-04View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT 87V, positivesplash10-03di-9100000000-c114e9081d6064271a712020-08-04View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 120V, Positivesplash10-03di-8900000000-45f290cd35be0f6206142021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 75V, Positivesplash10-03di-2900000000-db020804cf496556e55a2021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 90V, Positivesplash10-03di-3900000000-a080635f80f4e6f9d75b2021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 15V, Positivesplash10-01bc-0690000000-8681ace6768e1d9f63262021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 30V, Positivesplash10-00e9-0920000000-81a32023fd3cacfdcfc32021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 60V, Positivesplash10-01q9-2900000000-da41148114fe30189cc52021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 45V, Positivesplash10-001i-1900000000-49bb2e6fed257324d78c2021-09-20View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0006-9360000000-9bfb4b54b4af316dddca2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0006-9320000000-63de6a51b69cfd14f42b2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-0793ec8eedfcf9ec6ccf2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0297-1950000000-858774a13b8506b539432016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-01tl-6950000000-fc7f5ce664f05ccc7de92016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0udi-1900000000-540dceb73c4f23ce2a612016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-014l-4950000000-ba6e1a2b9a22fff7a92d2021-10-12View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-00di-2900000000-f72d452eec4abd9bf86c2021-10-12View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-000i-0900000000-5c41d55104296e7323002021-10-12View Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-054o-9710000000-f6129dcf135c0b4d4c2b2014-09-20View Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureOral (3) ; inhalation (3) ; dermal (3)
Mechanism of ToxicityEthoprop is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase inhibitor (or 'anticholinesterase') suppresses the action of acetylcholinesterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholinesterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses, followed by muscle spasms and ultimately death. Nerve gases and many substances used in insecticides have been shown to act by binding a serine in the active site of acetylcholine esterase, inhibiting the enzyme completely. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop. Among the most common acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are phosphorus-based compounds, which are designed to bind to the active site of the enzyme. The structural requirements are a phosphorus atom bearing two lipophilic groups, a leaving group (such as a halide or thiocyanate), and a terminal oxygen.
MetabolismMetabolism of organophosphates occurs principally by oxidation, by hydrolysis via esterases and by reaction with glutathione. Demethylation and glucuronidation may also occur. Oxidation of organophosphorus pesticides may result in moderately toxic products. In general, phosphorothioates are not directly toxic but require oxidative metabolism to the proximal toxin. The glutathione transferase reactions produce products that are, in most cases, of low toxicity. Paraoxonase (PON1) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of organophosphates. PON1 can inactivate some organophosphates through hydrolysis. PON1 hydrolyzes the active metabolites in several organophosphates insecticides as well as, nerve agents such as soman, sarin, and VX. The presence of PON1 polymorphisms causes there to be different enzyme levels and catalytic efficiency of this esterase, which in turn suggests that different individuals may be more susceptible to the toxic effect of organophosphate exposure.
Toxicity ValuesLD50: 56.2 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (2) LD50: 30.2 mg/kg (Oral, FeRat) (2) LD50: 23.7 ul/kg (Dermal, Rabbit) (2) LD50: 60 mg/kg (Percutaneous, Rat) (1) LC50: 250 mg/L over 4 hours (Inhalation, Rat) (3)
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesEthoprop is used as an insecticide. (3)
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsAcute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Certain reproductive effects in fertility, growth, and development for males and females have been linked specifically to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Most of the research on reproductive effects has been conducted on farmers working with pesticides and insecticdes in rural areas. In females menstrual cycle disturbances, longer pregnancies, spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and some developmental effects in offspring have been linked to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Prenatal exposure has been linked to impaired fetal growth and development. Neurotoxic effects have also been linked to poisoning with OP pesticides causing four neurotoxic effects in humans: cholinergic syndrome, intermediate syndrome, organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP), and chronic organophosphate-induced neuropsychiatric disorder (COPIND). These syndromes result after acute and chronic exposure to OP pesticides.
SymptomsEarly symptoms of poisoning may include excessive sweating, headache, weakness, giddiness, nausea, vomiting, hypersalivation, stomach pains, blurred vision, slurred speech and muscle twitching. Later, there may be convulsions and coma. (3)
TreatmentIf the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of '-oximes' has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally.
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDNot Available
PubChem Compound ID3289
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL1894994
ChemSpider ID3173
KEGG IDC18687
UniProt IDNot Available
OMIM ID
ChEBI ID38665
BioCyc IDNot Available
CTD IDC001182
Stitch IDEthoprop
PDB IDNot Available
ACToR ID7765
Wikipedia LinkEthoprop
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDST3D0237.pdf
General References
  1. Lewis RJ (1996). Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
  2. Cornell University (1985). Chemical fact sheet for Ethoprop. [Link]
  3. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) INCHEM (1996). Pesticide Document for Ethoprop. [Link]
Gene Regulation
Up-Regulated GenesNot Available
Down-Regulated GenesNot Available

Targets

General Function:
Serine hydrolase activity
Specific Function:
Terminates signal transduction at the neuromuscular junction by rapid hydrolysis of the acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft. Role in neuronal apoptosis.
Gene Name:
ACHE
Uniprot ID:
P22303
Molecular Weight:
67795.525 Da
References
  1. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) INCHEM (1996). Pesticide Document for Ethoprop. [Link]
General Function:
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase.
Gene Name:
CYP2B6
Uniprot ID:
P20813
Molecular Weight:
56277.81 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
AC500.44 uMCLZD_CYP2B6_6CellzDirect
AC507.44 uMCLZD_CYP2B6_24CellzDirect
AC507.84 uMCLZD_CYP2B6_48CellzDirect
AC500.44 uMCLZD_CYP2B6_6CellzDirect
References
  1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
General Function:
Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor activity
Specific Function:
Acts as a receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator. Plays a role in localizing and promoting plasmin formation. Mediates the proteolysis-independent signal transduction activation effects of U-PA. It is subject to negative-feedback regulation by U-PA which cleaves it into an inactive form.
Gene Name:
PLAUR
Uniprot ID:
Q03405
Molecular Weight:
36977.62 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
AC501.48 uMBSK_BE3C_uPAR_upBioSeek
References
  1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
General Function:
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa synthase activity
Specific Function:
This enzyme condenses acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA, which is the substrate for HMG-CoA reductase.
Gene Name:
HMGCS2
Uniprot ID:
P54868
Molecular Weight:
56634.915 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
AC503.18 uMCLZD_HMGCS2_48CellzDirect
References
  1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
General Function:
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide (PubMed:11159812). Catalyzes 4-beta-hydroxylation of cholesterol. May catalyze 25-hydroxylation of cholesterol in vitro (PubMed:21576599).
Gene Name:
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID:
P08684
Molecular Weight:
57342.67 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
AC504.43 uMCLZD_CYP3A4_24CellzDirect
AC507.00 uMCLZD_CYP3A4_48CellzDirect
References
  1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
General Function:
Protein homodimerization activity
Specific Function:
Cytokine that plays an essential role in the regulation of survival, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes, such as macrophages and monocytes. Promotes the release of proinflammatory chemokines, and thereby plays an important role in innate immunity and in inflammatory processes. Plays an important role in the regulation of osteoclast proliferation and differentiation, the regulation of bone resorption, and is required for normal bone development. Required for normal male and female fertility. Promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, regulates formation of membrane ruffles, cell adhesion and cell migration. Plays a role in lipoprotein clearance.
Gene Name:
CSF1
Uniprot ID:
P09603
Molecular Weight:
60178.885 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
AC504.44 uMBSK_hDFCGF_MCSF_upBioSeek
References
  1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
General Function:
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function:
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants.
Gene Name:
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID:
P10635
Molecular Weight:
55768.94 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
AC509.80 uMNVS_ADME_hCYP2D6Novascreen
AC506.01 uMNVS_ADME_hCYP2D6Novascreen
References
  1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
General Function:
Sulfotransferase activity
Specific Function:
Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfonation of steroids and bile acids in the liver and adrenal glands.
Gene Name:
SULT2A1
Uniprot ID:
Q06520
Molecular Weight:
33779.57 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
AC507.84 uMCLZD_SULT2A1_48CellzDirect
References
  1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]