T3DB: Liothyronine

Identification Taxonomy Biological Properties Physical Properties Toxicity Profile Spectra Concentrations Links References Gene Regulation Targets (10)XML

Targets (10)

Record Information

Version

2.0

Creation Date

2014-09-11 05:15:14 UTC

Update Date

2014-12-24 20:26:56 UTC

Accession Number

T3D4759

Identification

Common Name

Liothyronine

Class

Small Molecule

Description

The L-triiodothyronine (T₃, liothyronine) thyroid hormone is normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than L-tetraiodothyronine (T₄, levothyroxine, L-thyroxine). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5 position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.

Compound Type

Amine
Animal Toxin
Drug
Ether
Food Toxin
Hormone Replacement Agent
Metabolite
Natural Compound
Organic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Synonym
3,3',5'-Triiodo-L-thyronine
3,3',5'-Triiodothyronine
3,3',5-Triiodo-L-thyronine
3,3',5-Triiodothyronine
3,5,3'-Triiodo-L-thyronine
3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine
3,5,3'TRIIODOTHYRONINE
4-(4-Hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodo-L-phenylalanine
4-(4-Hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenylalanine
Cyronine
Cytomel
L-3,3',5-Triiodo-Thyronine
L-3,3',5-Triiodothyronine
L-3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine
L-3-[4-(4-Hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]-Alanine
L-Liothyronine
L-T3
L-Triiodothyronine
Liothyronin
Liothyroninum
Liotironina
O-(4-Hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-L-Tyrosine
T3
Tertroxin
Tresitope
Triiodo-L-thyronine
Triiodothyronine
Triostat

Chemical Formula

C₁₅H₁₂I₃NO₄

Average Molecular Mass

650.974 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

650.790 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

6893-02-3

IUPAC Name

(2S)-2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]propanoic acid

Traditional Name

liothyronine

SMILES

[H][C@](N)(CC1=CC(I)=C(OC2=CC(I)=C(O)C=C2)C(I)=C1)C(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C15H12I3NO4/c16-9-6-8(1-2-13(9)20)23-14-10(17)3-7(4-11(14)18)5-12(19)15(21)22/h1-4,6,12,20H,5,19H2,(H,21,22)/t12-/m0/s1

InChI Key

InChIKey=AUYYCJSJGJYCDS-LBPRGKRZSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylalanine and derivatives. Phenylalanine and derivatives are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

Phenylalanine and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Phenylalanine or derivatives
Diphenylether
Diaryl ether
3-phenylpropanoic-acid
Alpha-amino acid
Amphetamine or derivatives
L-alpha-amino acid
Phenoxy compound
2-iodophenol
2-halophenol
Phenol ether
Iodobenzene
1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
Halobenzene
Phenol
Aralkylamine
Aryl iodide
Aryl halide
Monocyclic benzene moiety
Benzenoid
Amino acid
Ether
Carboxylic acid
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Organic nitrogen compound
Primary aliphatic amine
Organohalogen compound
Organoiodide
Organonitrogen compound
Organooxygen compound
Primary amine
Carbonyl group
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organic oxide
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxygen compound
Amine
Aromatic homomonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

iodothyronine (CHEBI:18258 )
iodophenol (CHEBI:18258 )
2-halophenol (CHEBI:18258 )
thyroxine (C02465 )
Other amino acids (C02465 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Membrane

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Adipose Tissue
Adrenal Gland
Epidermis
Fibroblasts
Intestine
Nerve Cells
Neuron
Placenta
Platelet
Skeletal Muscle
Testes
Thyroid Gland

Pathways

Name	SMPDB Link	KEGG Link
Tyrosine Metabolism	SMP00006	map00350

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Not Available

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	236-237°C
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	3.96 mg/L (at 37°C)
LogP	2.9

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.02 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	0.82	ALOGPS
logP	2.8	ChemAxon
logS	-4.5	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	0.3	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	9.48	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	3	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	92.78 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	5	ChemAxon
Refractivity	113.43 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	43.92 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	2	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-05a9-5090378000-014ef55558b58a3d38f2	2017-08-28	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-17	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-17	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-17	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-17	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-17	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-17	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-17	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-17	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-17	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-17	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-17	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-17	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-17	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-17	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS ("Liothyronine,1TMS,#1" TMS) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-02	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, N/A (Annotated)	splash10-000i-0009001000-1d47041336da63b556e4	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, N/A (Annotated)	splash10-000i-1009001000-15f70073b9018f013c9c	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, N/A (Annotated)	splash10-000i-0009000000-71c231d7a3ab505815ff	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-0udi-0000009000-f932659d1e6d8a622985	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-0udi-0000009000-6506a7a71dab928abfb0	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-0fc0-0700119000-1df6db0e3031eb2739fa	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-004i-0900000000-973fc871534b19242cc8	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative	splash10-004i-0900000000-ac3c4a198bb017dc7ccc	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive	splash10-0udi-0000009000-2770ece749a9fa1042f4	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive	splash10-0udi-0000009000-881174c66da97022d645	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-0000019000-6f798ae76702a3053339	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-0000219000-d2ca9f0cc3c1b47176b5	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive	splash10-056r-0021915000-6f3810619f383bce651a	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0udi-0000009000-f932659d1e6d8a622985	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0udi-0000009000-6506a7a71dab928abfb0	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0fc0-0700119000-1df6db0e3031eb2739fa	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-004i-0900000000-973fc871534b19242cc8	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-004i-0900000000-ac3c4a198bb017dc7ccc	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-0udi-0000009000-2770ece749a9fa1042f4	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0pb9-0000009000-4d60e144164273111464	2017-07-25	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-0000149000-87babecf610c68223da5	2017-07-25	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-016r-0039010000-b57f6dd23e6456cf7c1e	2017-07-25	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0002-0010009000-50e441d89395debe176b	2017-07-26	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-001j-0050139000-a259e39ad1204b60b373	2017-07-26	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-00e9-9262431000-bcc1f7554c4e309cef17	2017-07-26	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, 100%_DMSO, experimental)	Not Available	2012-12-04	View Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, 100%_DMSO, experimental)	Not Available	2012-12-05	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure

95% in 4 hours

Mechanism of Toxicity

The hormones, T₄ and T₃, are tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland. Iodine is an important component in their synthesis. The major form of thyroid hormone in the blood is thyroxine (T₄). This is converted to the more active liothyronine form by deiodinases in peripheral tissues. Liothyronine acts on the body to increase the basal metabolic rate, affect protein synthesis and increase the body's sensitivity to catecholamines (such as adrenaline). The thyroid hormones are essential to proper development and differentiation of all cells of the human body. To various extents T₄ and T₃ regulate protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism. Their most pronounced effect is on how human cells use energetic compounds. The thyroid hormone derivatives bind to the thyroid hormone receptors initially to initiate their downstream effects.

Metabolism

Half Life: 2.5 days

Toxicity Values

Not Available

Lethal Dose

Not Available

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Uses/Sources

Used as replacement or supplemental therapy in patients with hypothyroidism of any etiology, except transient hypothyrodism during the recovery phase of subacute thyroiditis.

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Health Effects

Not Available

Symptoms

Not Available

Treatment

Not Available

Normal Concentrations

Not Available

Abnormal Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

HMDB ID

PubChem Compound ID

ChEMBL ID

ChemSpider ID

KEGG ID

UniProt ID

Not Available

OMIM ID

ChEBI ID

18258

BioCyc ID

LIOTHYRONINE

CTD ID

Not Available

Stitch ID

Not Available

PDB ID

ACToR ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Liothyronine

References

Synthesis Reference

Martin Beasley, David Hause, Irwin Klein, Charles Pamplin, David Reynolds, Kevin Sills, “Controlled release pharmaceutical compositions of liothyronine and methods of making and using the same.” U.S. Patent US20060246133, issued November 02, 2006.

MSDS

Link

General References

Uchino H, Kanai Y, Kim DK, Wempe MF, Chairoungdua A, Morimoto E, Anders MW, Endou H: Transport of amino acid-related compounds mediated by L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): insights into the mechanisms of substrate recognition. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 Apr;61(4):729-37. [11901210 ]
Stalenheim EG: Long-term validity of biological markers of psychopathy and criminal recidivism: follow-up 6-8 years after forensic psychiatric investigation. Psychiatry Res. 2004 Jan 1;121(3):281-91. [14675747 ]
Schwartz CE, May MM, Carpenter NJ, Rogers RC, Martin J, Bialer MG, Ward J, Sanabria J, Marsa S, Lewis JA, Echeverri R, Lubs HA, Voeller K, Simensen RJ, Stevenson RE: Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome and the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) gene. Am J Hum Genet. 2005 Jul;77(1):41-53. Epub 2005 May 11. [15889350 ]
Zimmermann-Belsing T, Dreyer M, Holst JJ, Feldt-Rasmussen U: The relationship between the serum leptin concentrations of thyrotoxic patients during treatment and their total fat mass is different from that of normal subjects. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1998 Nov;49(5):589-95. [10197073 ]
Holt PJ: In vitro responses of the epidermis to triiodothyronine. J Invest Dermatol. 1978 Sep;71(3):202-4. [690484 ]
Mizuma H, Murakami M, Mori M: Thyroid hormone activation in human vascular smooth muscle cells: expression of type II iodothyronine deiodinase. Circ Res. 2001 Feb 16;88(3):313-8. [11179199 ]
Himms-Hagen J: Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis: interdisciplinary studies. FASEB J. 1990 Aug;4(11):2890-8. [2199286 ]
Gledhill RF, Dessein PH, Van der Merwe CA: Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon with triiodothyronine corrects co-existent autonomic dysfunction: preliminary findings. Postgrad Med J. 1992 Apr;68(798):263-7. [1409189 ]
Kassem M, Brixen K, Mosekilde L, Blum WF, Flyvbjerg A: Effects of growth hormone treatment on serum levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF binding proteins 1-4 in postmenopausal women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1998 Dec;49(6):747-56. [10209562 ]
Llewellyn L, Ramsurn VP, Wigham T, Sweeney GE, Power DM: Cloning, characterisation and expression of the apolipoprotein A-I gene in the sea bream (Sparus aurata). Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Nov 8;1442(2-3):399-404. [9804999 ]
Dutkiewicz S, Witeska A, Nauman A: The deiodination of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in the testes of patients with prostate cancer. Int Urol Nephrol. 1995;27(1):81-5. [7615374 ]
Gil'miiarova FN, Pervova IuV, Radomskaia VM, Gergel' NI, Tarasova SV: [Levels of unified metabolites and thyroid hormones in blood and oral fluid of children with minimal brain dysfunction]. Biomed Khim. 2004 Mar-Apr;50(2):204-10. [15179829 ]
Rosenbaum M, Goldsmith R, Bloomfield D, Magnano A, Weimer L, Heymsfield S, Gallagher D, Mayer L, Murphy E, Leibel RL: Low-dose leptin reverses skeletal muscle, autonomic, and neuroendocrine adaptations to maintenance of reduced weight. J Clin Invest. 2005 Dec;115(12):3579-86. [16322796 ]
Urcelay E, Jareno MA, Menaya J, Parrilla R, Ayuso MS, Martin-Requero A: Cloning and functional characterization of the 5' regulatory region of the human mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene. Lack of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine responsiveness in adipose tissue. Eur J Biochem. 2000 Dec;267(24):7209-17. [11106433 ]
Escobar-Morreale HF, Botella-Carretero JI, Gomez-Bueno M, Galan JM, Barrios V, Sancho J: Thyroid hormone replacement therapy in primary hypothyroidism: a randomized trial comparing L-thyroxine plus liothyronine with L-thyroxine alone. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Mar 15;142(6):412-24. [15767619 ]
Lebon V, Dufour S, Petersen KF, Ren J, Jucker BM, Slezak LA, Cline GW, Rothman DL, Shulman GI: Effect of triiodothyronine on mitochondrial energy coupling in human skeletal muscle. J Clin Invest. 2001 Sep;108(5):733-7. [11544279 ]
Iwao H, Abe Y: [Expression of the renin and angiotensinogen genes]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 1991 Jan;97(1):1-11. [2045011 ]
Calvo R, Obregon MJ, Ruiz de Ona C, Escobar del Rey F, Morreale de Escobar G: Congenital hypothyroidism, as studied in rats. Crucial role of maternal thyroxine but not of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in the protection of the fetal brain. J Clin Invest. 1990 Sep;86(3):889-99. [2394838 ]
Haas MJ, Fishman M, Mreyoud A, Mooradian AD: Thyroid hormone responsive protein (THRP) mediates thyroid hormone-induced cytotoxicity in primary neuronal cultures. Exp Brain Res. 2005 Jan;160(4):424-32. Epub 2004 Oct 15. [15490139 ]

Gene Regulation

Up-Regulated Genes

Not Available

Down-Regulated Genes

Not Available

Targets

Target Details

1. Thyroid hormone receptor beta

General Function:: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:: Nuclear hormone receptor that can act as a repressor or activator of transcription. High affinity receptor for thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine and thyroxine.
Gene Name:: THRB
Uniprot ID:: P10828
Molecular Weight:: 52787.16 Da

References

Target Details

2. Thyroid hormone receptor alpha

General Function:: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:: Isoform Alpha-1: Nuclear hormone receptor that can act as a repressor or activator of transcription. High affinity receptor for thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine and thyroxine.Isoform Alpha-2: Does not bind thyroid hormone and functions as a weak dominant negative inhibitor of thyroid hormone action.
Gene Name:: THRA
Uniprot ID:: P10827
Molecular Weight:: 54815.055 Da

Binding/Activity Constants

Type	Value	Assay Type	Assay Source
AC50	0.0728 uM	ATG_THRa1_TRANS	Attagene

References

Target Details

3. Adenosine receptor A1

General Function:: Purine nucleoside binding
Specific Function:: Receptor for adenosine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name:: ADORA1
Uniprot ID:: P30542
Molecular Weight:: 36511.325 Da

Binding/Activity Constants

Type	Value	Assay Type	Assay Source
AC50	0.683 uM	NVS_GPCR_hAdoRA1	Novascreen

References

Target Details

4. Progesterone receptor

General Function:: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:: The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Progesterone receptor isoform B (PRB) is involved activation of c-SRC/MAPK signaling on hormone stimulation.Isoform A: inactive in stimulating c-Src/MAPK signaling on hormone stimulation.Isoform 4: Increases mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular respiration upon stimulation by progesterone.
Gene Name:: PGR
Uniprot ID:: P06401
Molecular Weight:: 98979.96 Da

Binding/Activity Constants

Type	Value	Assay Type	Assay Source
AC50	1.76 uM	NVS_NR_hPR	Novascreen

References

Target Details

5. Glucocorticoid receptor

General Function:: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:: Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modulator of other transcription factors. Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Could act as a coactivator for STAT5-dependent transcription upon growth hormone (GH) stimulation and could reveal an essential role of hepatic GR in the control of body growth. Involved in chromatin remodeling. May play a negative role in adipogenesis through the regulation of lipolytic and antilipogenic genes expression.
Gene Name:: NR3C1
Uniprot ID:: P04150
Molecular Weight:: 85658.57 Da

Binding/Activity Constants

Type	Value	Assay Type	Assay Source
AC50	3.91 uM	NVS_NR_hGR	Novascreen
AC50	9.67 uM	Tox21_GR_BLA_Antagonist_ratio	Tox21/NCGC

References

Target Details

6. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor

General Function:: Transcription regulatory region dna binding
Specific Function:: Ligand-activated transcriptional activator. Binds to the XRE promoter region of genes it activates. Activates the expression of multiple phase I and II xenobiotic chemical metabolizing enzyme genes (such as the CYP1A1 gene). Mediates biochemical and toxic effects of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Involved in cell-cycle regulation. Likely to play an important role in the development and maturation of many tissues. Regulates the circadian clock by inhibiting the basal and circadian expression of the core circadian component PER1. Inhibits PER1 by repressing the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer mediated transcriptional activation of PER1.
Gene Name:: AHR
Uniprot ID:: P35869
Molecular Weight:: 96146.705 Da

Binding/Activity Constants

Type	Value	Assay Type	Assay Source
AC50	4.59 uM	Tox21_AhR	Tox21/NCGC

References

Target Details

7. Collagenase 3

General Function:: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:: Plays a role in the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins including fibrillar collagen, fibronectin, TNC and ACAN. Cleaves triple helical collagens, including type I, type II and type III collagen, but has the highest activity with soluble type II collagen. Can also degrade collagen type IV, type XIV and type X. May also function by activating or degrading key regulatory proteins, such as TGFB1 and CTGF. Plays a role in wound healing, tissue remodeling, cartilage degradation, bone development, bone mineralization and ossification. Required for normal embryonic bone development and ossification. Plays a role in the healing of bone fractures via endochondral ossification. Plays a role in wound healing, probably by a mechanism that involves proteolytic activation of TGFB1 and degradation of CTGF. Plays a role in keratinocyte migration during wound healing. May play a role in cell migration and in tumor cell invasion.
Gene Name:: MMP13
Uniprot ID:: P45452
Molecular Weight:: 53819.32 Da

Binding/Activity Constants

Type	Value	Assay Type	Assay Source
AC50	4.8 uM	NVS_ENZ_hMMP13	Novascreen

References

Target Details

8. Estrogen receptor

General Function:: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:: Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE-independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial association with multiprotein coactivator complexes through LXXLL motifs of their respective components. Mutual transrepression occurs between the estrogen receptor (ER) and NF-kappa-B in a cell-type specific manner. Decreases NF-kappa-B DNA-binding activity and inhibits NF-kappa-B-mediated transcription from the IL6 promoter and displace RELA/p65 and associated coregulators from the promoter. Recruited to the NF-kappa-B response element of the CCL2 and IL8 promoters and can displace CREBBP. Present with NF-kappa-B components RELA/p65 and NFKB1/p50 on ERE sequences. Can also act synergistically with NF-kappa-B to activate transcription involving respective recruitment adjacent response elements; the function involves CREBBP. Can activate the transcriptional activity of TFF1. Also mediates membrane-initiated estrogen signaling involving various kinase cascades. Isoform 3 is involved in activation of NOS3 and endothelial nitric oxide production. Isoforms lacking one or several functional domains are thought to modulate transcriptional activity by competitive ligand or DNA binding and/or heterodimerization with the full length receptor. Essential for MTA1-mediated transcriptional regulation of BRCA1 and BCAS3. Isoform 3 can bind to ERE and inhibit isoform 1.
Gene Name:: ESR1
Uniprot ID:: P03372
Molecular Weight:: 66215.45 Da

Binding/Activity Constants

Type	Value	Assay Type	Assay Source
AC50	9.04 uM	ATG_ERa_TRANS	Attagene
AC50	7.52 uM	NVS_NR_hER	Novascreen
AC50	5.18 uM	Tox21_ERa_BLA_Agonist_ratio	Tox21/NCGC

References

Target Details

9. Dual specificity protein phosphatase 3

General Function:: Protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity
Specific Function:: Shows activity both for tyrosine-protein phosphate and serine-protein phosphate, but displays a strong preference toward phosphotyrosines. Specifically dephosphorylates and inactivates ERK1 and ERK2.
Gene Name:: DUSP3
Uniprot ID:: P51452
Molecular Weight:: 20478.1 Da

Binding/Activity Constants

Type	Value	Assay Type	Assay Source
AC50	9.79 uM	NVS_ENZ_hDUSP3	Novascreen

References

Target Details

10. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6

General Function:: Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:: This is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase. It has a high affinity for tricyclic psychotropic drugs (By similarity). Controls pyramidal neurons migration during corticogenesis, through the regulation of CDK5 activity (By similarity). Is an activator of TOR signaling (PubMed:23027611).
Gene Name:: HTR6
Uniprot ID:: P50406
Molecular Weight:: 46953.625 Da

Binding/Activity Constants

Type	Value	Assay Type	Assay Source
AC50	10 uM	NVS_GPCR_h5HT6	Novascreen

References

Liothyronine (T3D4759)

Structure for T3D4759: Liothyronine

Targets

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Binding/Activity Constants

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Binding/Activity Constants

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Binding/Activity Constants

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Binding/Activity Constants

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Binding/Activity Constants

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Binding/Activity Constants

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Binding/Activity Constants

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Binding/Activity Constants

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