Meperidine (T3D2795)

IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesGene RegulationTargets (15)XML
Targets (15)
Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2009-07-21 20:26:56 UTC
Update Date2014-12-24 20:25:51 UTC
Accession NumberT3D2795
Identification
Common NameMeperidine
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionA narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.
Compound Type
  • Adjuvant
  • Adjuvant, Anesthesia
  • Amine
  • Analgesic
  • Analgesic, Opioid
  • Drug
  • Ester
  • Ether
  • Metabolite
  • Narcotic
  • Opiate Agonist
  • Organic Compound
  • Synthetic Compound
Chemical Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
Synonym
Demerol
Dolantin
Dolcontral
Dolosal
Dolsin
Isonipecaïne
Lydol
Mialgin
Pethidin
Péthidine
Pethidine dbl
Pethidinum
Petidin
Petidina
Petydyna
Sauteralgyl
Spasmedal
Spasmodolin
Chemical FormulaC15H21NO2
Average Molecular Mass247.333 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass247.157 g/mol
CAS Registry Number57-42-1
IUPAC Nameethyl 1-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylate
Traditional Namemeperidine
SMILESCCOC(=O)C1(CCN(C)CC1)C1=CC=CC=C1
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C15H21NO2/c1-3-18-14(17)15(9-11-16(2)12-10-15)13-7-5-4-6-8-13/h4-8H,3,9-12H2,1-2H3
InChI KeyInChIKey=XADCESSVHJOZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpiperidines. Phenylpiperidines are compounds containing a phenylpiperidine skeleton, which consists of a piperidine bound to a phenyl group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassPiperidines
Sub ClassPhenylpiperidines
Direct ParentPhenylpiperidines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Phenylpiperidine
  • Piperidinecarboxylic acid
  • Aralkylamine
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Benzenoid
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Tertiary amine
  • Tertiary aliphatic amine
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Azacycle
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Amine
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceWhite powder.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point270°C
Boiling PointNot Available
Solubility3220 mg/L (at 30°C)
LogP2.72
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1.11 g/LALOGPS
logP2.9ALOGPS
logP2.46ChemAxon
logS-2.4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)8.16ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area29.54 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count4ChemAxon
Refractivity72.48 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability28.09 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-00dl-9310000000-9f5598127b487d9339dc2017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - CI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0002-0090000000-bcf24d9e6302b6454d0e2017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-00dl-9310000000-9f5598127b487d9339dc2018-05-18View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - CI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0002-0090000000-bcf24d9e6302b6454d0e2018-05-18View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00di-1900000000-ea19250f67bb7f6843802017-09-01View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-0002-0090000000-2d9035995cbed82a83822017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-0002-0190000000-96507adebcd15f1cb9172017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-00di-1490000000-d1e318ddf3f73eb8db302017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-00di-7970000000-d3f460862fa9a6d8be1f2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-00di-8910000000-b45b71541829339425362017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-00dl-9800000000-e79c047f6c6a8c9c00332017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 90V, Positivesplash10-00dl-9700000000-121bbb952edc449abb752021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 75V, Positivesplash10-00di-9810000000-1ecfa38f326384b22b6c2021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 15V, Positivesplash10-0002-0090000000-32a2416ef149cdf6e2ba2021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 30V, Positivesplash10-0002-0190000000-553d10a55d1124382fb32021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 60V, Positivesplash10-00di-7970000000-ca6d994cd203c94bf4aa2021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 45V, Positivesplash10-00di-1490000000-d1b086505c982e77f3052021-09-20View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0002-0190000000-75ce42839d066b768d842016-08-01View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0uka-1390000000-dc66b8476b990cda1efe2016-08-01View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-00di-6910000000-745b390b8b1b329a92522016-08-01View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0002-0090000000-1e8e811f90230b3be3762016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0f6t-3290000000-0b623b033726827aa22f2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-004i-7930000000-e7e194d99480b7e534012016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0002-0190000000-690c257e3fce5319d7e42021-09-21View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-007k-1980000000-582b4105598dbfb055a62021-09-21View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0fka-2930000000-1497d0c7ca0d6bc1bb682021-09-21View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-00kb-0090000000-6fdb2cf7255c1034e8fc2021-09-25View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0f6t-0390000000-03b23664f4176b9e58472021-09-25View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-00xr-2920000000-9f01b67d39967a5a12032021-09-25View Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-00di-9620000000-7309f4ee3918ea05f00d2014-09-20View Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureIntravenous; oral; parenteral (intramuscular). The oral bioavailability of meperidine in patients with normal hepatic function is 50-60% due to extensive first-pass metabolism. Bioavailability increases to 80-90% in patients with hepatic impairment (e.g. liver cirrhosis). Meperidine is less than half as effective when administered orally compared to parenteral administration. One study reported that 80-85% of the drug administered intramuscularly was absorbed within 6 hours of intragluteal injection in health adults; however, inter-individual variation and patient-specific variable appear to cause considerable variations in absorption upon IM injection.
Mechanism of ToxicityMeperidine is primarily a kappa-opiate receptor agonist and also has local anesthetic effects. Meperidine has more affinity for the kappa-receptor than morphine. Opiate receptors are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as both positive and negative regulators of synaptic transmission via G-proteins that activate effector proteins. Binding of the opiate stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP on the G-protein complex. As the effector system is adenylate cyclase and cAMP located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, opioids decrease intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Subsequently, the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline is inhibited. Opioids also inhibit the release of vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin and glucagon. Opioids close N-type voltage-operated calcium channels (OP2-receptor agonist) and open calcium-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channels (OP3 and OP1 receptor agonist). This results in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability.
MetabolismMeperidine is metabolized in the liver by hydrolysis to meperidinic acid followed by partial conjugation with glucuronic acid. Meperidine also undergoes N-demethylation to normeperidine, which then undergoes hydrolysis and partial conjugation. Normeperidine is about half as potent as meperidine, but it has twice the CNS stimulation effects. Route of Elimination: Excreted in the urine. The proportion of drug that is excreted unchanged or as metabolites is dependent on pH. When urine pH is uncontrolled, 5-30% of the meperidine dose is excreted as normeperidine and approximately 5% is excreted unchanged. Meperidine and normeperidine are found in acidic urine, while the free and conjugated forms of meperidinic and normperidinic acids are found in alkaline urine. Half Life: Initial distribution phase (t1/2 α) = 2-11 minutes; terminal elimination phase (t1/2 β) = 3-5 hours. In patients with hepatic dysfunction (e.g. liver cirrhosis or active viral hepatitis) the t1/2 β is prolonged to 7-11 hours.
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesUsed to control moderate to severe pain.
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsMedical problems can include congested lungs, liver disease, tetanus, infection of the heart valves, skin abscesses, anemia and pneumonia. Death can occur from overdose.
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentPrimary attention should be given to the reestablishment of adequate respiratory exchange through provision of a patent airway and institution of assisted or controlled ventilation. The narcotic antagonist, naloxone hydrochloride, is a specific antidote against respiratory depression which may result from overdosage or unusual sensitivity to narcotics, including meperidine. Therefore, an appropriate dose of this antagonist should be administered, preferably by the intravenous route, simultaneously with efforts at respiratory resuscitation. An antagonist should not be administered in the absence of clinically significant respiratory or cardiovascular depression. Oxygen, intravenous fluids, vasopressors, and other supportive measures should be employed as indicated. In cases of overdosage with Meperidine tablets, the stomach should be evacuated by emesis or gastric lavage. (2)
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDDB00454
HMDB IDHMDB14597
PubChem Compound ID4058
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL607
ChemSpider ID3918
KEGG IDC07128
UniProt IDNot Available
OMIM ID
ChEBI ID122528
BioCyc IDNot Available
CTD IDNot Available
Stitch IDMeperidine
PDB IDNot Available
ACToR IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkMeperidine
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSLink
General References
  1. Drugs.com [Link]
  2. RxList: The Internet Drug Index (2009). [Link]
Gene Regulation
Up-Regulated GenesNot Available
Down-Regulated GenesNot Available

Targets

Target Details
1. Kappa-type opioid receptor
General Function:
Opioid receptor activity
Specific Function:
G-protein coupled opioid receptor that functions as receptor for endogenous alpha-neoendorphins and dynorphins, but has low affinity for beta-endorphins. Also functions as receptor for various synthetic opioids and for the psychoactive diterpene salvinorin A. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling leads to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. Inhibits neurotransmitter release by reducing calcium ion currents and increasing potassium ion conductance. Plays a role in the perception of pain. Plays a role in mediating reduced physical activity upon treatment with synthetic opioids. Plays a role in the regulation of salivation in response to synthetic opioids. May play a role in arousal and regulation of autonomic and neuroendocrine functions.
Gene Name:
OPRK1
Uniprot ID:
P41145
Molecular Weight:
42644.665 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory>100 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50026752
IC502.37 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50026752
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]
  3. Poulain R, Horvath D, Bonnet B, Eckhoff C, Chapelain B, Bodinier MC, Deprez B: From hit to lead. Combining two complementary methods for focused library design. Application to mu opiate ligands. J Med Chem. 2001 Oct 11;44(21):3378-90. [11585443 ]
  4. Tsai YC, Liou JP, Liao R, Cheng CY, Tao PL: C-alkylated spiro[benzofuran-3(2H),4'-1'-methyl-piperidine-7-ols] as potent opioids: a conformation-activity study. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 1998 Jul 21;8(14):1813-8. [9873439 ]
Target Details
2. Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter
General Function:
Monoamine transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function:
Amine transporter. Terminates the action of dopamine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
Gene Name:
SLC6A3
Uniprot ID:
Q01959
Molecular Weight:
68494.255 Da
References
  1. Lomenzo SA, Izenwasser S, Gerdes RM, Katz JL, Kopajtic T, Trudell ML: Synthesis, dopamine and serotonin transporter binding affinities of novel analogues of meperidine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 1999 Dec 6;9(23):3273-6. [10612583 ]
  2. Lomenzo SA, Rhoden JB, Izenwasser S, Wade D, Kopajtic T, Katz JL, Trudell ML: Synthesis and biological evaluation of meperidine analogues at monoamine transporters. J Med Chem. 2005 Mar 10;48(5):1336-43. [15743177 ]
  3. Gu X, Izenwasser S, Wade D, Housman A, Gulasey G, Rhoden JB, Savoie CD, Mobley DL, Lomenzo SA, Trudell ML: Synthesis and structure-activity studies of benzyl ester meperidine and normeperidine derivatives as selective serotonin transporter ligands. Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Dec 1;18(23):8356-64. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.09.060. Epub 2010 Sep 29. [20980153 ]
Target Details
3. Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A
General Function:
Protein phosphatase 2a binding
Specific Function:
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with reduced single-channel conductance, low calcium permeability and low voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. May play a role in the development of dendritic spines. May play a role in PPP2CB-NMDAR mediated signaling mechanism (By similarity).
Gene Name:
GRIN3A
Uniprot ID:
Q8TCU5
Molecular Weight:
125464.07 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]
Target Details
4. Mu-type opioid receptor
General Function:
Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Specific Function:
Receptor for endogenous opioids such as beta-endorphin and endomorphin. Receptor for natural and synthetic opioids including morphine, heroin, DAMGO, fentanyl, etorphine, buprenorphin and methadone. Agonist binding to the receptor induces coupling to an inactive GDP-bound heterotrimeric G-protein complex and subsequent exchange of GDP for GTP in the G-protein alpha subunit leading to dissociation of the G-protein complex with the free GTP-bound G-protein alpha and the G-protein beta-gamma dimer activating downstream cellular effectors. The agonist- and cell type-specific activity is predominantly coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive G(i) and G(o) G alpha proteins, GNAI1, GNAI2, GNAI3 and GNAO1 isoforms Alpha-1 and Alpha-2, and to a lesser extend to pertussis toxin-insensitive G alpha proteins GNAZ and GNA15. They mediate an array of downstream cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity and both N-type and L-type calcium channels, activation of inward rectifying potassium channels, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phospholipase C (PLC), phosphoinositide/protein kinase (PKC), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and regulation of NF-kappa-B. Also couples to adenylate cyclase stimulatory G alpha proteins. The selective temporal coupling to G-proteins and subsequent signaling can be regulated by RGSZ proteins, such as RGS9, RGS17 and RGS4. Phosphorylation by members of the GPRK subfamily of Ser/Thr protein kinases and association with beta-arrestins is involved in short-term receptor desensitization. Beta-arrestins associate with the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and uncouple it from the G-protein thus terminating signal transduction. The phosphorylated receptor is internalized through endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits which involves beta-arrestins. The activation of the ERK pathway occurs either in a G-protein-dependent or a beta-arrestin-dependent manner and is regulated by agonist-specific receptor phosphorylation. Acts as a class A G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) which dissociates from beta-arrestin at or near the plasma membrane and undergoes rapid recycling. Receptor down-regulation pathways are varying with the agonist and occur dependent or independent of G-protein coupling. Endogenous ligands induce rapid desensitization, endocytosis and recycling whereas morphine induces only low desensitization and endocytosis. Heterooligomerization with other GPCRs can modulate agonist binding, signaling and trafficking properties. Involved in neurogenesis. Isoform 12 couples to GNAS and is proposed to be involved in excitatory effects. Isoform 16 and isoform 17 do not bind agonists but may act through oligomerization with binding-competent OPRM1 isoforms and reduce their ligand binding activity.
Gene Name:
OPRM1
Uniprot ID:
P35372
Molecular Weight:
44778.855 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.451 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50026752
IC500.315 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50026752
References
  1. Poulain R, Horvath D, Bonnet B, Eckhoff C, Chapelain B, Bodinier MC, Deprez B: From hit to lead. Combining two complementary methods for focused library design. Application to mu opiate ligands. J Med Chem. 2001 Oct 11;44(21):3378-90. [11585443 ]
  2. Tsai YC, Liou JP, Liao R, Cheng CY, Tao PL: C-alkylated spiro[benzofuran-3(2H),4'-1'-methyl-piperidine-7-ols] as potent opioids: a conformation-activity study. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 1998 Jul 21;8(14):1813-8. [9873439 ]
Target Details
5. Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2
General Function:
Voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
Specific Function:
Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel. Channel properties are modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly. Mediates the rapidly activating component of the delayed rectifying potassium current in heart (IKr). Isoforms USO have no channel activity by themself, but modulates channel characteristics by forming heterotetramers with other isoforms which are retained intracellularly and undergo ubiquitin-dependent degradation.
Gene Name:
KCNH2
Uniprot ID:
Q12809
Molecular Weight:
126653.52 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
IC500.32359 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50026752
IC5075 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50026752
References
  1. Tobita M, Nishikawa T, Nagashima R: A discriminant model constructed by the support vector machine method for HERG potassium channel inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005 Jun 2;15(11):2886-90. [15911273 ]
  2. Coi A, Massarelli I, Testai L, Calderone V, Bianucci AM: Identification of "toxicophoric" features for predicting drug-induced QT interval prolongation. Eur J Med Chem. 2008 Nov;43(11):2479-88. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.12.025. Epub 2008 Jan 5. [18262683 ]
Target Details
6. Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter
General Function:
Norepinephrine:sodium symporter activity
Specific Function:
Amine transporter. Terminates the action of noradrenaline by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
Gene Name:
SLC6A2
Uniprot ID:
P23975
Molecular Weight:
69331.42 Da
References
  1. Lomenzo SA, Rhoden JB, Izenwasser S, Wade D, Kopajtic T, Katz JL, Trudell ML: Synthesis and biological evaluation of meperidine analogues at monoamine transporters. J Med Chem. 2005 Mar 10;48(5):1336-43. [15743177 ]
  2. Gu X, Izenwasser S, Wade D, Housman A, Gulasey G, Rhoden JB, Savoie CD, Mobley DL, Lomenzo SA, Trudell ML: Synthesis and structure-activity studies of benzyl ester meperidine and normeperidine derivatives as selective serotonin transporter ligands. Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Dec 1;18(23):8356-64. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.09.060. Epub 2010 Sep 29. [20980153 ]
Target Details
7. Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter
General Function:
Serotonin:sodium symporter activity
Specific Function:
Serotonin transporter whose primary function in the central nervous system involves the regulation of serotonergic signaling via transport of serotonin molecules from the synaptic cleft back into the pre-synaptic terminal for re-utilization. Plays a key role in mediating regulation of the availability of serotonin to other receptors of serotonergic systems. Terminates the action of serotonin and recycles it in a sodium-dependent manner.
Gene Name:
SLC6A4
Uniprot ID:
P31645
Molecular Weight:
70324.165 Da
References
  1. Lomenzo SA, Rhoden JB, Izenwasser S, Wade D, Kopajtic T, Katz JL, Trudell ML: Synthesis and biological evaluation of meperidine analogues at monoamine transporters. J Med Chem. 2005 Mar 10;48(5):1336-43. [15743177 ]
  2. Gu X, Izenwasser S, Wade D, Housman A, Gulasey G, Rhoden JB, Savoie CD, Mobley DL, Lomenzo SA, Trudell ML: Synthesis and structure-activity studies of benzyl ester meperidine and normeperidine derivatives as selective serotonin transporter ligands. Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Dec 1;18(23):8356-64. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.09.060. Epub 2010 Sep 29. [20980153 ]
Target Details
8. Cocaine esterase
General Function:
Methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase activity
Specific Function:
Involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics and in the activation of ester and amide prodrugs. Shows high catalytic efficiency for hydrolysis of cocaine, 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate, heroin and 6-monoacetylmorphine.
Gene Name:
CES2
Uniprot ID:
O00748
Molecular Weight:
61806.41 Da
References
  1. Zhang J, Burnell JC, Dumaual N, Bosron WF: Binding and hydrolysis of meperidine by human liver carboxylesterase hCE-1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Jul;290(1):314-8. [10381793 ]
Target Details
9. Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1
General Function:
Voltage-gated cation channel activity
Specific Function:
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. This protein plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, synaptogenesis, excitotoxicity, memory acquisition and learning. It mediates neuronal functions in glutamate neurotransmission. Is involved in the cell surface targeting of NMDA receptors (By similarity).
Gene Name:
GRIN1
Uniprot ID:
Q05586
Molecular Weight:
105371.945 Da
References
  1. Yamakura T, Sakimura K, Shimoji K: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel block by meperidine is dependent on extracellular pH. Anesth Analg. 2000 Apr;90(4):928-32. [10735801 ]
Target Details
10. Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels possesses high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Activation requires binding of agonist to both types of subunits.
Gene Name:
GRIN2A
Uniprot ID:
Q12879
Molecular Weight:
165281.215 Da
References
  1. Yamakura T, Sakimura K, Shimoji K: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel block by meperidine is dependent on extracellular pH. Anesth Analg. 2000 Apr;90(4):928-32. [10735801 ]
Target Details
11. Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. In concert with DAPK1 at extrasynaptic sites, acts as a central mediator for stroke damage. Its phosphorylation at Ser-1303 by DAPK1 enhances synaptic NMDA receptor channel activity inducing injurious Ca2+ influx through them, resulting in an irreversible neuronal death (By similarity).
Gene Name:
GRIN2B
Uniprot ID:
Q13224
Molecular Weight:
166365.885 Da
References
  1. Yamakura T, Sakimura K, Shimoji K: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel block by meperidine is dependent on extracellular pH. Anesth Analg. 2000 Apr;90(4):928-32. [10735801 ]
Target Details
12. Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C
General Function:
Nmda glutamate receptor activity
Specific Function:
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine.
Gene Name:
GRIN2C
Uniprot ID:
Q14957
Molecular Weight:
134207.77 Da
References
  1. Yamakura T, Sakimura K, Shimoji K: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel block by meperidine is dependent on extracellular pH. Anesth Analg. 2000 Apr;90(4):928-32. [10735801 ]
Target Details
13. Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D
General Function:
Nmda glutamate receptor activity
Specific Function:
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine.
Gene Name:
GRIN2D
Uniprot ID:
O15399
Molecular Weight:
143750.685 Da
References
  1. Yamakura T, Sakimura K, Shimoji K: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel block by meperidine is dependent on extracellular pH. Anesth Analg. 2000 Apr;90(4):928-32. [10735801 ]
Target Details
14. Metallothionein-2
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals; these proteins are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids.
Gene Name:
MT2A
Uniprot ID:
P02795
Molecular Weight:
6042.05 Da
References
  1. Zhang J, Burnell JC, Dumaual N, Bosron WF: Binding and hydrolysis of meperidine by human liver carboxylesterase hCE-1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Jul;290(1):314-8. [10381793 ]
15. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (Protein Group)
General Function:
Phosphatidylinositol phospholipase c activity
Specific Function:
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover.
Included Proteins:
P11229 , P08172 , P20309 , P08173 , P08912
References
  1. Hustveit O: Binding of fentanyl and pethidine to muscarinic receptors in rat brain. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1994 Jan;64(1):57-9. [8164394 ]