Fluphenazine (T3D2840)

IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesGene RegulationTargets (17)XML
Targets (17)
Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2009-07-21 20:27:16 UTC
Update Date2014-12-24 20:25:52 UTC
Accession NumberT3D2840
Identification
Common NameFluphenazine
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionFluphenazine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a phenothiazine used in the treatment of psychoses. Its properties and uses are generally similar to those of chlorpromazine. [PubChem]Fluphenazine blocks postsynaptic mesolimbic dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors in the brain; depresses the release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones and is believed to depress the reticular activating system thus affecting basal metabolism, body temperature, wakefulness, vasomotor tone, and emesis.
Compound Type
  • Amine
  • Antipsychotic Agent
  • Dopamine Antagonist
  • Drug
  • Ether
  • Metabolite
  • Organic Compound
  • Organofluoride
  • Phenothiazine
  • Synthetic Compound
Chemical Structure
Thumb
MOLSDF3D-SDFPDBSMILESInChI View 3D Structure
Synonyms
Synonym
1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl-10-phenothiazinyl)propyl)-piperazine
10-(3'-(4''-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-1''-piperazinyl)-propyl)-3-trifluoromethylphenothiazine
10-(3-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazinopropyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenothiazine
2-(4-(3-[2-(Trifluoromethyl)-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl]propyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethanol
2-(Trifluoromethyl)-10-(3-(1-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-4-piperazinyl)propyl)phenothiazine
4-(3-(-Trifluoromethyl-10-phenothiazyl)-propyl)-1-piperazineethanol
4-(3-(2-(Trifluoromethyl)-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl)-1-piperazineethanol
4-(3-(2-Trifluoromethyl-10-phenothiazyl)-propyl)-1-piperazineethanol
Anatensol
Dapotum D
Fludecasin
Fludecate
Flufenazina
Flumezin
Fluorfenazine
Fluorophenazine
Fluorphenazine
Fluphenazin
Fluphénazine
Fluphenazine Decanoate
Fluphenazinum
Funazine
Lyogen
Lyogen Depot
Lyogen Retard
Metoten
Modecate
Moditen
Moditen Depo
Permitil
Prolixin
Triflumethazine
Chemical FormulaC22H26F3N3OS
Average Molecular Mass437.522 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass437.175 g/mol
CAS Registry Number69-23-8
IUPAC Name2-(4-{3-[2-(trifluoromethyl)-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl]propyl}piperazin-1-yl)ethan-1-ol
Traditional Namefluphenazine
SMILESOCCN1CCN(CCCN2C3=CC=CC=C3SC3=C2C=C(C=C3)C(F)(F)F)CC1
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C22H26F3N3OS/c23-22(24,25)17-6-7-21-19(16-17)28(18-4-1-2-5-20(18)30-21)9-3-8-26-10-12-27(13-11-26)14-15-29/h1-2,4-7,16,29H,3,8-15H2
InChI KeyInChIKey=PLDUPXSUYLZYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenothiazines. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a phenothiazine moiety, which is a linear tricyclic system that consists of a two benzene rings joined by a para-thiazine ring.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassBenzothiazines
Sub ClassPhenothiazines
Direct ParentPhenothiazines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Phenothiazine
  • Alkyldiarylamine
  • Diarylthioether
  • Aryl thioether
  • Tertiary aliphatic/aromatic amine
  • N-alkylpiperazine
  • Para-thiazine
  • 1,4-diazinane
  • Benzenoid
  • Piperazine
  • 1,2-aminoalcohol
  • Tertiary aliphatic amine
  • Tertiary amine
  • Alkanolamine
  • Azacycle
  • Thioether
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organofluoride
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Amine
  • Alkyl halide
  • Alkyl fluoride
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
Applications
Biological Roles
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceWhite powder.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point224-226°C (Salt)
Boiling Point268-274°C at 5.00E-01 mm Hg
Solubility31.1 mg/L (at 37°C)
LogP4.36
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.019 g/LALOGPS
logP4.4ALOGPS
logP3.97ChemAxon
logS-4.4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)15.59ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)8.21ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area29.95 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count7ChemAxon
Refractivity117.27 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability44.92 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0bu4-9430100000-8ccf208ff236ff33462c2017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0bu4-9430100000-8ccf208ff236ff33462c2018-05-18View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0a4l-5545900000-cdc372e9bc4eddfcf3062017-09-01View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0kfx-7374900000-19e721adf0c41ac357022017-10-06View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , Positivesplash10-014i-0190000000-cf20413d597a3759305d2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positivesplash10-000i-0310900000-a2a4be9e30f6506c93592017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positivesplash10-014i-0190000000-cf20413d597a3759305d2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Positivesplash10-007c-0911400000-e777fb408b0f7c2a2c882021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Negativesplash10-0udi-0000900000-f3e326fb412f9c344ad92021-09-20View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-000i-0101900000-fb12e05240ff28e3f7622016-06-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-05g0-3714900000-faf32fabda604029301c2016-06-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0a4i-7934100000-f37950a800425ffc5ec82016-06-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-000i-0000900000-d99d8367eb6a2ea7f9a82016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-05r9-0198700000-1fae13d1c97088459b862016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-014i-4490000000-017cae32ebc88bd742e02016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-000i-0000900000-1e7f5c7b20d4dd89afec2021-10-11View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-000i-0201900000-1ca0886fa19d2ddcb4e22021-10-11View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-02p0-2925100000-3b2029bac39308857df02021-10-11View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-000i-0000900000-1cfdc24aa6524056f3c62021-10-11View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-052r-0001900000-1c043e72b51e2f5a44dc2021-10-11View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-014i-0195100000-b2cce57b45399e5b895a2021-10-11View Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-001i-2391100000-6928faa0b341426b2c112014-09-20View Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureOral, Intramuscular
Mechanism of ToxicityFluphenazine blocks postsynaptic mesolimbic dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors in the brain; depresses the release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones and is believed to depress the reticular activating system thus affecting basal metabolism, body temperature, wakefulness, vasomotor tone, and emesis.
MetabolismNot Available
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesFor management of manifestations of psychotic disorders.
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDDB00623
HMDB IDHMDB14761
PubChem Compound ID3372
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL726
ChemSpider ID3255
KEGG IDC07010
UniProt IDNot Available
OMIM ID
ChEBI ID5123
BioCyc IDNot Available
CTD IDNot Available
Stitch IDFluphenazine
PDB IDNot Available
ACToR IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkFluphenazine
References
Synthesis Reference

Ullyot, G.E.; U.S. Patent 3,058,979; October 16, 1962; assigned to Smith Kline & French
Laboratories.

MSDST3D2840.pdf
General References
  1. Drugs.com [Link]
Gene Regulation
Up-Regulated GenesNot Available
Down-Regulated Genes
GeneGene SymbolGene IDInteractionChromosomeDetails

Targets

Target Details
1. D(2) dopamine receptor
General Function:
Potassium channel regulator activity
Specific Function:
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name:
DRD2
Uniprot ID:
P14416
Molecular Weight:
50618.91 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.00144 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50017655
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [11752352 ]
  2. Seeman P: Atypical antipsychotics: mechanism of action. Can J Psychiatry. 2002 Feb;47(1):27-38. [11873706 ]
  3. Hoyberg OJ, Fensbo C, Remvig J, Lingjaerde O, Sloth-Nielsen M, Salvesen I: Risperidone versus perphenazine in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients with acute exacerbations. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1993 Dec;88(6):395-402. [7508675 ]
  4. Qin ZH, Weiss B: Dopamine receptor blockade increases dopamine D2 receptor and glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNAs in mouse substantia nigra. Eur J Pharmacol. 1994 Sep 15;269(1):25-33. [7828655 ]
  5. von Coburg Y, Kottke T, Weizel L, Ligneau X, Stark H: Potential utility of histamine H3 receptor antagonist pharmacophore in antipsychotics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Jan 15;19(2):538-42. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.09.012. Epub 2008 Sep 7. [19091563 ]
  6. Bisson WH, Cheltsov AV, Bruey-Sedano N, Lin B, Chen J, Goldberger N, May LT, Christopoulos A, Dalton JT, Sexton PM, Zhang XK, Abagyan R: Discovery of antiandrogen activity of nonsteroidal scaffolds of marketed drugs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jul 17;104(29):11927-32. Epub 2007 Jul 2. [17606915 ]
Target Details
2. Calmodulin
General Function:
Titin binding
Specific Function:
Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins by Ca(2+). Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-Ca(2+) complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis.
Gene Name:
CALM1
Uniprot ID:
P0DP23
Molecular Weight:
16837.47 Da
References
  1. Mongin AA, Cai Z, Kimelberg HK: Volume-dependent taurine release from cultured astrocytes requires permissive [Ca(2+)](i) and calmodulin. Am J Physiol. 1999 Oct;277(4 Pt 1):C823-32. [10516112 ]
  2. Kawai M, Nakashima A, Ueno M, Ushimaru T, Aiba K, Doi H, Uritani M: Fission yeast tor1 functions in response to various stresses including nitrogen starvation, high osmolarity, and high temperature. Curr Genet. 2001 May;39(3):166-74. [11409178 ]
  3. Edlind T, Smith L, Henry K, Katiyar S, Nickels J: Antifungal activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is modulated by calcium signalling. Mol Microbiol. 2002 Oct;46(1):257-68. [12366848 ]
  4. Nakabayashi H, Komada H, Yoshida T, Takanari H, Izutsu K: Lymphocyte calmodulin and its participation in the stimulation of T lymphocytes by mitogenic lectins. Biol Cell. 1992;75(1):55-9. [1515867 ]
  5. Kauss H: Sensing of volume changes by poterioochromonas involves a ca-regulated system which controls activation of isofloridoside-phosphate synthase. Plant Physiol. 1981 Aug;68(2):420-4. [16661928 ]
Target Details
3. D(1A) dopamine receptor
General Function:
G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function:
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name:
DRD1
Uniprot ID:
P21728
Molecular Weight:
49292.765 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.007 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50017655
Inhibitory0.021 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50017655
Inhibitory0.179 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50017655
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [11752352 ]
  2. Toll L, Berzetei-Gurske IP, Polgar WE, Brandt SR, Adapa ID, Rodriguez L, Schwartz RW, Haggart D, O'Brien A, White A, Kennedy JM, Craymer K, Farrington L, Auh JS: Standard binding and functional assays related to medications development division testing for potential cocaine and opiate narcotic treatment medications. NIDA Res Monogr. 1998 Mar;178:440-66. [9686407 ]
  3. Sunahara RK, Guan HC, O'Dowd BF, Seeman P, Laurier LG, Ng G, George SR, Torchia J, Van Tol HH, Niznik HB: Cloning of the gene for a human dopamine D5 receptor with higher affinity for dopamine than D1. Nature. 1991 Apr 18;350(6319):614-9. [1826762 ]
  4. von Coburg Y, Kottke T, Weizel L, Ligneau X, Stark H: Potential utility of histamine H3 receptor antagonist pharmacophore in antipsychotics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Jan 15;19(2):538-42. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.09.012. Epub 2008 Sep 7. [19091563 ]
Target Details
4. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A
General Function:
Virus receptor activity
Specific Function:
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including mescaline, psilocybin, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling activates phospholipase C and a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and promotes the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Affects neural activity, perception, cognition and mood. Plays a role in the regulation of behavior, including responses to anxiogenic situations and psychoactive substances. Plays a role in intestinal smooth muscle contraction, and may play a role in arterial vasoconstriction.(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for human JC polyomavirus/JCPyV.
Gene Name:
HTR2A
Uniprot ID:
P28223
Molecular Weight:
52602.58 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.0032 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50017655
References
  1. Seeman P, Tallerico T: Antipsychotic drugs which elicit little or no parkinsonism bind more loosely than dopamine to brain D2 receptors, yet occupy high levels of these receptors. Mol Psychiatry. 1998 Mar;3(2):123-34. [9577836 ]
  2. Bisson WH, Cheltsov AV, Bruey-Sedano N, Lin B, Chen J, Goldberger N, May LT, Christopoulos A, Dalton JT, Sexton PM, Zhang XK, Abagyan R: Discovery of antiandrogen activity of nonsteroidal scaffolds of marketed drugs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jul 17;104(29):11927-32. Epub 2007 Jul 2. [17606915 ]
Target Details
5. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C
General Function:
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including ergot alkaloid derivatives, 1-2,5,-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and down-stream signaling cascades and promotes the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Regulates neuronal activity via the activation of short transient receptor potential calcium channels in the brain, and thereby modulates the activation of pro-opiomelacortin neurons and the release of CRH that then regulates the release of corticosterone. Plays a role in the regulation of appetite and eating behavior, responses to anxiogenic stimuli and stress. Plays a role in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.
Gene Name:
HTR2C
Uniprot ID:
P28335
Molecular Weight:
51820.705 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.579 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50017655
References
  1. Herrick-Davis K, Grinde E, Teitler M: Inverse agonist activity of atypical antipsychotic drugs at human 5-hydroxytryptamine2C receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Oct;295(1):226-32. [10991983 ]
  2. Bisson WH, Cheltsov AV, Bruey-Sedano N, Lin B, Chen J, Goldberger N, May LT, Christopoulos A, Dalton JT, Sexton PM, Zhang XK, Abagyan R: Discovery of antiandrogen activity of nonsteroidal scaffolds of marketed drugs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jul 17;104(29):11927-32. Epub 2007 Jul 2. [17606915 ]
Target Details
6. D(1B) dopamine receptor
General Function:
G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function:
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name:
DRD5
Uniprot ID:
P21918
Molecular Weight:
52950.5 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.014 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50017655
Inhibitory0.021 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50017655
References
  1. Sunahara RK, Guan HC, O'Dowd BF, Seeman P, Laurier LG, Ng G, George SR, Torchia J, Van Tol HH, Niznik HB: Cloning of the gene for a human dopamine D5 receptor with higher affinity for dopamine than D1. Nature. 1991 Apr 18;350(6319):614-9. [1826762 ]
  2. von Coburg Y, Kottke T, Weizel L, Ligneau X, Stark H: Potential utility of histamine H3 receptor antagonist pharmacophore in antipsychotics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Jan 15;19(2):538-42. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.09.012. Epub 2008 Sep 7. [19091563 ]
Target Details
7. Histamine H1 receptor
General Function:
Histamine receptor activity
Specific Function:
In peripheral tissues, the H1 subclass of histamine receptors mediates the contraction of smooth muscles, increase in capillary permeability due to contraction of terminal venules, and catecholamine release from adrenal medulla, as well as mediating neurotransmission in the central nervous system.
Gene Name:
HRH1
Uniprot ID:
P35367
Molecular Weight:
55783.61 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.021 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50017655
Inhibitory0.04 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50017655
References
  1. Richelson E, Nelson A: Antagonism by neuroleptics of neurotransmitter receptors of normal human brain in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol. 1984 Aug 17;103(3-4):197-204. [6149136 ]
  2. von Coburg Y, Kottke T, Weizel L, Ligneau X, Stark H: Potential utility of histamine H3 receptor antagonist pharmacophore in antipsychotics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Jan 15;19(2):538-42. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.09.012. Epub 2008 Sep 7. [19091563 ]
Target Details
8. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A
General Function:
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity and activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that regulates the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Plays a role in the regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine release and in the regulation of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism. Plays a role in the regulation of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in the brain, and thereby affects neural activity, mood and behavior. Plays a role in the response to anxiogenic stimuli.
Gene Name:
HTR1A
Uniprot ID:
P08908
Molecular Weight:
46106.335 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory2.829 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50017655
References
  1. Toll L, Berzetei-Gurske IP, Polgar WE, Brandt SR, Adapa ID, Rodriguez L, Schwartz RW, Haggart D, O'Brien A, White A, Kennedy JM, Craymer K, Farrington L, Auh JS: Standard binding and functional assays related to medications development division testing for potential cocaine and opiate narcotic treatment medications. NIDA Res Monogr. 1998 Mar;178:440-66. [9686407 ]
Target Details
9. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6
General Function:
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:
This is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase. It has a high affinity for tricyclic psychotropic drugs (By similarity). Controls pyramidal neurons migration during corticogenesis, through the regulation of CDK5 activity (By similarity). Is an activator of TOR signaling (PubMed:23027611).
Gene Name:
HTR6
Uniprot ID:
P50406
Molecular Weight:
46953.625 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.038 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50017655
References
  1. Kohen R, Metcalf MA, Khan N, Druck T, Huebner K, Lachowicz JE, Meltzer HY, Sibley DR, Roth BL, Hamblin MW: Cloning, characterization, and chromosomal localization of a human 5-HT6 serotonin receptor. J Neurochem. 1996 Jan;66(1):47-56. [8522988 ]
Target Details
10. Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor
General Function:
Thioesterase binding
Specific Function:
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is oxymetazoline > clonidine > epinephrine > norepinephrine > phenylephrine > dopamine > p-synephrine > p-tyramine > serotonin = p-octopamine. For antagonists, the rank order is yohimbine > phentolamine = mianserine > chlorpromazine = spiperone = prazosin > propanolol > alprenolol = pindolol.
Gene Name:
ADRA2A
Uniprot ID:
P08913
Molecular Weight:
48956.275 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory1.55 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50017655
References
  1. Richelson E, Nelson A: Antagonism by neuroleptics of neurotransmitter receptors of normal human brain in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol. 1984 Aug 17;103(3-4):197-204. [6149136 ]
Target Details
11. Androgen receptor
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription factor activity is modulated by bound coactivator and corepressor proteins. Transcription activation is down-regulated by NR0B2. Activated, but not phosphorylated, by HIPK3 and ZIPK/DAPK3.
Gene Name:
AR
Uniprot ID:
P10275
Molecular Weight:
98987.9 Da
References
  1. Bisson WH, Cheltsov AV, Bruey-Sedano N, Lin B, Chen J, Goldberger N, May LT, Christopoulos A, Dalton JT, Sexton PM, Zhang XK, Abagyan R: Discovery of antiandrogen activity of nonsteroidal scaffolds of marketed drugs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jul 17;104(29):11927-32. Epub 2007 Jul 2. [17606915 ]
Target Details
12. D(3) dopamine receptor
General Function:
G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function:
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Promotes cell proliferation.
Gene Name:
DRD3
Uniprot ID:
P35462
Molecular Weight:
44224.335 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.00321 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50017655
References
  1. von Coburg Y, Kottke T, Weizel L, Ligneau X, Stark H: Potential utility of histamine H3 receptor antagonist pharmacophore in antipsychotics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Jan 15;19(2):538-42. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.09.012. Epub 2008 Sep 7. [19091563 ]
Target Details
13. Histamine H3 receptor
General Function:
Histamine receptor activity
Specific Function:
The H3 subclass of histamine receptors could mediate the histamine signals in CNS and peripheral nervous system. Signals through the inhibition of adenylate cyclase and displays high constitutive activity (spontaneous activity in the absence of agonist). Agonist stimulation of isoform 3 neither modified adenylate cyclase activity nor induced intracellular calcium mobilization.
Gene Name:
HRH3
Uniprot ID:
Q9Y5N1
Molecular Weight:
48670.81 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory>1 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50017655
References
  1. von Coburg Y, Kottke T, Weizel L, Ligneau X, Stark H: Potential utility of histamine H3 receptor antagonist pharmacophore in antipsychotics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Jan 15;19(2):538-42. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.09.012. Epub 2008 Sep 7. [19091563 ]
Target Details
14. Multidrug resistance protein 1
General Function:
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function:
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name:
ABCB1
Uniprot ID:
P08183
Molecular Weight:
141477.255 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
IC505.7 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50017655
IC506.5 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50017655
IC5010.4 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50017655
References
  1. Wang EJ, Casciano CN, Clement RP, Johnson WW: Active transport of fluorescent P-glycoprotein substrates: evaluation as markers and interaction with inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Nov 30;289(2):580-5. [11716514 ]
Target Details
15. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2
General Function:
G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor activity
Specific Function:
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is adenylate cyclase inhibition. Signaling promotes phospholipase C activity, leading to the release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3); this then triggers calcium ion release into the cytosol.
Gene Name:
CHRM2
Uniprot ID:
P08172
Molecular Weight:
51714.605 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory1.9 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50017655
References
  1. Richelson E, Nelson A: Antagonism by neuroleptics of neurotransmitter receptors of normal human brain in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol. 1984 Aug 17;103(3-4):197-204. [6149136 ]
Target Details
16. NADPH oxidase 1
General Function:
Voltage-gated proton channel activity
Specific Function:
NOH-1S is a voltage-gated proton channel that mediates the H(+) currents of resting phagocytes and other tissues. It participates in the regulation of cellular pH and is blocked by zinc. NOH-1L is a pyridine nucleotide-dependent oxidoreductase that generates superoxide and might conduct H(+) ions as part of its electron transport mechanism, whereas NOH-1S does not contain an electron transport chain.
Gene Name:
NOX1
Uniprot ID:
Q9Y5S8
Molecular Weight:
64870.455 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
IC50>17 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50017655
References
  1. Liu T, Lin Y, Wen X, Jorissen RN, Gilson MK: BindingDB: a web-accessible database of experimentally determined protein-ligand binding affinities. Nucleic Acids Res. 2007 Jan;35(Database issue):D198-201. Epub 2006 Dec 1. [17145705 ]
Target Details
17. Solute carrier family 22 member 1
General Function:
Secondary active organic cation transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function:
Translocates a broad array of organic cations with various structures and molecular weights including the model compounds 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium (ASP), the endogenous compounds choline, guanidine, histamine, epinephrine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, and the drugs quinine, and metformin. The transport of organic cations is inhibited by a broad array of compounds like tetramethylammonium (TMA), cocaine, lidocaine, NMDA receptor antagonists, atropine, prazosin, cimetidine, TEA and NMN, guanidine, cimetidine, choline, procainamide, quinine, tetrabutylammonium, and tetrapentylammonium. Translocates organic cations in an electrogenic and pH-independent manner. Translocates organic cations across the plasma membrane in both directions. Transports the polyamines spermine and spermidine. Transports pramipexole across the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubular epithelial cells. The choline transport is activated by MMTS. Regulated by various intracellular signaling pathways including inhibition by protein kinase A activation, and endogenously activation by the calmodulin complex, the calmodulin-dependent kinase II and LCK tyrosine kinase.
Gene Name:
SLC22A1
Uniprot ID:
O15245
Molecular Weight:
61153.345 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
IC50110 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50017655
References
  1. Ahlin G, Karlsson J, Pedersen JM, Gustavsson L, Larsson R, Matsson P, Norinder U, Bergstrom CA, Artursson P: Structural requirements for drug inhibition of the liver specific human organic cation transport protein 1. J Med Chem. 2008 Oct 9;51(19):5932-42. doi: 10.1021/jm8003152. Epub 2008 Sep 13. [18788725 ]