Luteoskyrin (T3D3768)

IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesGene RegulationTargets (26)XML
Targets (26)
Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2010-05-21 14:46:10 UTC
Update Date2014-12-24 20:26:31 UTC
Accession NumberT3D3768
Identification
Common NameLuteoskyrin
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionLuteoskyrin is a mycotoxin produced by the fungus Penicillium islandicum. It is known to be a storage mold contaminant of rice and has been shown to be hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic. (3, 4)
Compound Type
  • Ester
  • Fungal Toxin
  • Mycotoxin
  • Natural Compound
  • Organic Compound
Chemical Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
Synonym
(-)-Luteoskyrin
(1beta,1'beta,3beta,3'beta)-8,8'-Dihydroxy-rugulosin
2,2',3,3'-Tetrahydro-2,2',4,4',5,5',8,8'-octahydroxy-7,7'-dimethyl-(1,1'-bianthracene)-9,9',10,10'-tetrone
2,2',4,4',5,5',8,8'-Octahydroxy-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-7,7'-dimethyl-1,1'-bianthraquinone
2,2',4,4'5,5',8,8'-Octahydroxy-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-7,7'- dimethyl-1,1'-bianthraquinone
2,2',4,4'5,5',8,8'-Octahydroxy-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-7,7'-dimethyl-1,1'-bianthraquinone
5H,6H-6,13a,5a,14-(1,2,3,4)Butanetetraylcycloocta(1,2-b:5,6-b')dinaphthalene-5,8,13,16(14H)-tetrone, 1,4,7,9,12,15,17,20-octahydroxy-3,11-dimethyl- (8CI)
8,8'-Dihydroxy-rugulosin
8,8'-Dihydroxyrugulosin
Flavomycelin
Luteoskyrin, (-)
Chemical FormulaC30H22O12
Average Molecular Mass574.489 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass574.111 g/mol
CAS Registry Number21884-44-6
IUPAC Name5,8,10,14,20,23,25,28-octahydroxy-6,21-dimethyloctacyclo[14.11.1.0²,¹¹.0²,¹⁵.0⁴,⁹.0¹³,¹⁷.0¹⁷,²⁶.0¹⁹,²⁴]octacosa-4,6,8,10,19,21,23,25-octaene-3,12,18,27-tetrone
Traditional Name5,8,10,14,20,23,25,28-octahydroxy-6,21-dimethyloctacyclo[14.11.1.0²,¹¹.0²,¹⁵.0⁴,⁹.0¹³,¹⁷.0¹⁷,²⁶.0¹⁹,²⁴]octacosa-4,6,8,10,19,21,23,25-octaene-3,12,18,27-tetrone
SMILESCC1=CC(O)=C2C(O)=C3C(=O)C4C(O)C5C6C(O)C(C(=O)C7=C(O)C8=C(O)C=C(C)C(O)=C8C(=O)C467)C35C(=O)C2=C1O
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C30H22O12/c1-5-3-7(31)9-11(19(5)33)27(41)29-13-14-24(38)17(29)26(40)16-22(36)10-8(32)4-6(2)20(34)12(10)28(42)30(14,16)18(23(13)37)25(39)15(29)21(9)35/h3-4,13-14,17-18,23-24,31-38H,1-2H3
InChI KeyInChIKey=FAZDYVMEXQHRLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as naphthols and derivatives. These are naphthalene derivatives carrying one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups at any ring position.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassNaphthalenes
Sub ClassNaphthols and derivatives
Direct ParentNaphthols and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • 1-naphthol
  • Aryl alkyl ketone
  • Aryl ketone
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Vinylogous acid
  • Ketone
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Enol
  • Polyol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Alcohol
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Aromatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homopolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceWhite powder.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilityNot Available
LogPNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1.84 g/LALOGPS
logP1.74ALOGPS
logP1.11ChemAxon
logS-2.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)5.57ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-4.3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count12ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count8ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area230.12 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity143.69 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability54.88 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings8ChemAxon
Bioavailability0ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_6) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_7) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_8) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_9) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_10) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_11) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_12) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_13) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_14) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_15) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_16) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_17) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_18) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_19) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_20) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-04View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0a70-0000090000-2802b1bfb3a08a9f9f922016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0pdr-0401690000-950a77ce1902c5fe5df92016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-000i-0204590000-bfc526ba9b4e7659962d2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-00di-0000090000-2adda3d26a159a3cf30f2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-05fr-0000090000-8a1008a036e816f04aca2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0abc-6502590000-e7ca8c894d5cdc2fbcfb2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-004i-0000090000-8c8d92232af9500789ce2021-10-12View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-004i-0000090000-20978721d0c4f47f21692021-10-12View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-00ba-1200590000-171c06e8dc09c6a3c12d2021-10-12View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-00di-0000090000-2f6d4dc81e5e1f72f7182021-10-12View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-00di-0000090000-8d09ffbe7956495fbdc42021-10-12View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-00fr-0200590000-969c4740eb3e9fb1bf8f2021-10-12View Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureOral, dermal, inhalation, and parenteral (contaminated drugs). (7)
Mechanism of ToxicityLuteoskyrin is hepatotoxic. It is thought that this is a result of its metabolic reduction to the semiquinone radical catalyzed by NADPH-dependent cytochrome reductases in the liver, leading to the generation of active oxygen species in redox systems. This causes the induction of lipid peroxidation, hepatocellular membrane damage, and elevation of serum transaminase activities, resultin in liver injuries. Luteoskyrin is also hepatocarcinogenic, possibly a result of its ability to induce DNA fragmentation. It is able to bind to DNA, forming chelate-complexes with nucleic acids and select metal ions. Luteoskyrin inhibits the replication, transcription and repair of DNA, which is at least partially because it inhibits RNA polymerase and ribonuclease H. (1, 2, 4, 5, 6)
MetabolismLuteoskyrin accumulates selectively in the liver, with minor distribution to the serum and kidneys. In the liver it is reduced to its semiquinone radical by NADPH-dependent cytochrome reductases. (4, 5)
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal Dose145 mg/kg subcutaneously and 221 mg/kg orally in mice. (3)
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (8)
Uses/SourcesLuteoskyrin is a mycotoxin produced by the fungus Penicillium islandicum. It is known to be a storage mold contaminant of rice. (3)
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsLuteoskyrin is hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic, causing hepatic disorders such as liver cirrhosis and liver tumors. (3, 4)
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDNot Available
PubChem Compound ID30840
ChEMBL IDNot Available
ChemSpider ID28613
KEGG IDNot Available
UniProt IDNot Available
OMIM ID
ChEBI IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
CTD IDNot Available
Stitch IDNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
ACToR IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSNot Available
General References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
  2. Ueno Y, Umemori K, Niimi E, Tanuma S, Nagata S, Sugamata M, Ihara T, Sekijima M, Kawai K, Ueno I, et al.: Induction of apoptosis by T-2 toxin and other natural toxins in HL-60 human promyelotic leukemia cells. Nat Toxins. 1995;3(3):129-37. [7648021 ]
  3. Mizutani K, Kumagai S, Mochizuki N, Kitagawa Y, Sugita-Konishi Y: Determination of a yellow rice toxin, luteoskyrin, in rice by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. J Food Prot. 2009 Jun;72(6):1321-6. [19610349 ]
  4. Ueno I, Sekijima M, Hoshino M, Ohya-Nishiguchi H, Ueno Y: Spin-trapping and direct EPR investigations on the hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic actions of luteoskyrin, an anthraquinoid mycotoxin produced by Penicillium islandicum Sopp. Generations of superoxide anion and luteoskyrin semiquinone radical in the redox systems consisted of luteoskyrin and liver NADPH- or NADH-dependent reductases. Free Radic Res. 1995 Jul;23(1):41-50. [7647918 ]
  5. Masuda T, Ito J, Akuzawa S, Ishii K, Takagi H, Ueno Y: Hepatic accumulation and hepatotoxicity of luteoskyrin in mice. Toxicol Lett. 1992 Jun;61(1):9-20. [1609444 ]
  6. Bouhet JC, Pham van Chuong P: Specific and non-specific interactions of two carcinogenic mycotoxins, luteoskyrin and rugulosin with nucleic acids. Ann Nutr Aliment. 1977;31(4-6):811-30. [566070 ]
  7. Peraica M, Domijan AM: Contamination of food with mycotoxins and human health. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2001 Mar;52(1):23-35. [11370295 ]
  8. International Agency for Research on Cancer (2014). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. [Link]
Gene Regulation
Up-Regulated GenesNot Available
Down-Regulated GenesNot Available

Targets

Target Details
1. DNA-directed RNA polymerase I subunit RPA1
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Largest and catalytic core component of RNA polymerase I which synthesizes ribosomal RNA precursors. Forms the polymerase active center together with the second largest subunit. A single stranded DNA template strand of the promoter is positioned within the central active site cleft of Pol I. A bridging helix emanates from RPA1 and crosses the cleft near the catalytic site and is thought to promote translocation of Pol I by acting as a ratchet that moves the RNA-DNA hybrid through the active site by switching from straight to bent conformations at each step of nucleotide addition (By similarity).
Gene Name:
POLR1A
Uniprot ID:
O95602
Molecular Weight:
194809.645 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
2. DNA
General Function:
Used for biological information storage.
Specific Function:
DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce.
Molecular Weight:
2.15 x 1012 Da
References
  1. Bouhet JC, Pham van Chuong P: Specific and non-specific interactions of two carcinogenic mycotoxins, luteoskyrin and rugulosin with nucleic acids. Ann Nutr Aliment. 1977;31(4-6):811-30. [566070 ]
Target Details
3. DNA-directed RNA polymerase I subunit RPA2
General Function:
Ribonucleoside binding
Specific Function:
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Second largest core component of RNA polymerase I which synthesizes ribosomal RNA precursors. Proposed to contribute to the polymerase catalytic activity and forms the polymerase active center together with the largest subunit. Pol I is composed of mobile elements and RPA2 is part of the core element with the central large cleft and probably a clamp element that moves to open and close the cleft (By similarity).
Gene Name:
POLR1B
Uniprot ID:
Q9H9Y6
Molecular Weight:
128228.39 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
4. DNA-directed RNA polymerase I subunit RPA34
General Function:
Poly(a) rna binding
Specific Function:
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase I which synthesizes ribosomal RNA precursors. Isoform 1 is involved in UBTF-activated transcription, presumably at a step following PIC formation.Isoform 2 has been described as a component of preformed T-cell receptor (TCR) complex.
Gene Name:
CD3EAP
Uniprot ID:
O15446
Molecular Weight:
54985.335 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
5. DNA-directed RNA polymerase I subunit RPA43
General Function:
Dna-directed rna polymerase activity
Specific Function:
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase I which synthesizes ribosomal RNA precursors. Through its association with RRN3/TIF-IA may be involved in recruitment of Pol I to rDNA promoters.
Gene Name:
TWISTNB
Uniprot ID:
Q3B726
Molecular Weight:
37432.025 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
6. DNA-directed RNA polymerase I subunit RPA49
General Function:
Dna-directed rna polymerase activity
Specific Function:
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase I which synthesizes ribosomal RNA precursors. Appears to be involved in the formation of the initiation complex at the promoter by mediating the interaction between Pol I and UBTF/UBF (By similarity).
Gene Name:
POLR1E
Uniprot ID:
Q9GZS1
Molecular Weight:
53961.43 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
7. DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1
General Function:
Ubiquitin protein ligase binding
Specific Function:
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Largest and catalytic component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Forms the polymerase active center together with the second largest subunit. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB1 is part of the core element with the central large cleft, the clamp element that moves to open and close the cleft and the jaws that are thought to grab the incoming DNA template. At the start of transcription, a single-stranded DNA template strand of the promoter is positioned within the central active site cleft of Pol II. A bridging helix emanates from RPB1 and crosses the cleft near the catalytic site and is thought to promote translocation of Pol II by acting as a ratchet that moves the RNA-DNA hybrid through the active site by switching from straight to bent conformations at each step of nucleotide addition. During transcription elongation, Pol II moves on the template as the transcript elongates. Elongation is influenced by the phosphorylation status of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of Pol II largest subunit (RPB1), which serves as a platform for assembly of factors that regulate transcription initiation, elongation, termination and mRNA processing. Acts as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase when associated with small delta antigen of Hepatitis delta virus, acting both as a replicate and transcriptase for the viral RNA circular genome.
Gene Name:
POLR2A
Uniprot ID:
P24928
Molecular Weight:
217174.235 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
8. DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB11-a
General Function:
Lrr domain binding
Specific Function:
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB11 is part of the core element with the central large cleft (By similarity).
Gene Name:
POLR2J
Uniprot ID:
P52435
Molecular Weight:
13293.19 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
9. DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB11-b1
General Function:
Dna-directed rna polymerase activity
Specific Function:
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB11 is part of the core element with the central large cleft (By similarity).
Gene Name:
POLR2J2
Uniprot ID:
Q9GZM3
Molecular Weight:
13088.14 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
10. DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB11-b2
General Function:
Dna-directed rna polymerase activity
Specific Function:
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB11 is part of the core element with the central large cleft (By similarity).
Gene Name:
POLR2J3
Uniprot ID:
Q9H1A7
Molecular Weight:
13092.11 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
11. DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB2
General Function:
Ribonucleoside binding
Specific Function:
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Second largest component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Proposed to contribute to the polymerase catalytic activity and forms the polymerase active center together with the largest subunit. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB2 is part of the core element with the central large cleft, the clamp element that moves to open and close the cleft and the jaws that are thought to grab the incoming DNA template (By similarity).
Gene Name:
POLR2B
Uniprot ID:
P30876
Molecular Weight:
133895.435 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
12. DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB3
General Function:
Dna-directed rna polymerase activity
Specific Function:
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB3 is part of the core element with the central large cleft and the clamp element that moves to open and close the cleft (By similarity).
Gene Name:
POLR2C
Uniprot ID:
P19387
Molecular Weight:
31440.86 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
13. DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB4
General Function:
Translation initiation factor binding
Specific Function:
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB4 is part of a subcomplex with RPB7 that binds to a pocket formed by RPB1, RPB2 and RPB6 at the base of the clamp element. The RBP4-RPB7 subcomplex seems to lock the clamp via RPB7 in the closed conformation thus preventing double-stranded DNA to enter the active site cleft. The RPB4-RPB7 subcomplex binds single-stranded DNA and RNA (By similarity).
Gene Name:
POLR2D
Uniprot ID:
O15514
Molecular Weight:
16311.105 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
14. DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB7
General Function:
Translation initiation factor binding
Specific Function:
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB7 is part of a subcomplex with RPB4 that binds to a pocket formed by RPB1, RPB2 and RPB6 at the base of the clamp element. The RBP4-RPB7 subcomplex seems to lock the clamp via RPB7 in the closed conformation thus preventing double-stranded DNA to enter the active site cleft. The RPB4-RPB7 subcomplex binds single-stranded DNA and RNA (By similarity). Binds RNA.
Gene Name:
POLR2G
Uniprot ID:
P62487
Molecular Weight:
19294.195 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
15. DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB9
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB9 is part of the upper jaw surrounding the central large cleft and thought to grab the incoming DNA template (By similarity).
Gene Name:
POLR2I
Uniprot ID:
P36954
Molecular Weight:
14523.1 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
16. DNA-directed RNA polymerases I and III subunit RPAC1
General Function:
Dna-directed rna polymerase activity
Specific Function:
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively. RPAC1 is part of the Pol core element with the central large cleft and probably a clamp element that moves to open and close the cleft (By similarity).
Gene Name:
POLR1C
Uniprot ID:
O15160
Molecular Weight:
39249.375 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
17. DNA-directed RNA polymerases I and III subunit RPAC2
General Function:
Dna-directed rna polymerase activity
Specific Function:
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common core component of RNA polymerases I and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively.
Gene Name:
POLR1D
Uniprot ID:
Q9Y2S0
Molecular Weight:
15237.11 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
18. DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC1
General Function:
Dna-directed rna polymerase activity
Specific Function:
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I, II and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs, and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Pols are composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. In Pol II, POLR2E/RPB5 is part of the lower jaw surrounding the central large cleft and thought to grab the incoming DNA template. Seems to be the major component in this process (By similarity).
Gene Name:
POLR2E
Uniprot ID:
P19388
Molecular Weight:
24551.075 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
19. DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC2
General Function:
Dna-directed rna polymerase activity
Specific Function:
DNA-dependent RNA polymerases catalyze the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I, II, and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs, and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Pols are composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. In Pol II, POLR2F/RPB6 is part of the clamp element and together with parts of RPB1 and RPB2 forms a pocket to which the RPB4-RPB7 subcomplex binds (By similarity).
Gene Name:
POLR2F
Uniprot ID:
P61218
Molecular Weight:
14477.92 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
20. DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC3
General Function:
Dna-directed rna polymerase activity
Specific Function:
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I, II and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs, and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively.
Gene Name:
POLR2H
Uniprot ID:
P52434
Molecular Weight:
17143.115 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
21. DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC4
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I, II and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs, and a small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively.
Gene Name:
POLR2K
Uniprot ID:
P53803
Molecular Weight:
7004.145 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
22. DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC5
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I, II and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs, and a small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Pols are composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. In Pol II, POLR2L/RBP10 is part of the core element with the central large cleft (By similarity).
Gene Name:
POLR2L
Uniprot ID:
P62875
Molecular Weight:
7645.02 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
23. Ribonuclease H1
General Function:
Rna-dna hybrid ribonuclease activity
Specific Function:
Endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA-DNA hybrids (PubMed:10497183). Plays a role in RNA polymerase II (RNAp II) transcription termination by degrading R-loop RNA-DNA hybrid formation at G-rich pause sites located downstream of the poly(A) site and behind the elongating RNAp II (PubMed:21700224).
Gene Name:
RNASEH1
Uniprot ID:
O60930
Molecular Weight:
32064.035 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
24. Ribonuclease H2 subunit A
General Function:
Rna-dna hybrid ribonuclease activity
Specific Function:
Catalytic subunit of RNase HII, an endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA:DNA hybrids. Participates in DNA replication, possibly by mediating the removal of lagging-strand Okazaki fragment RNA primers during DNA replication. Mediates the excision of single ribonucleotides from DNA:RNA duplexes.
Gene Name:
RNASEH2A
Uniprot ID:
O75792
Molecular Weight:
33394.58 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
25. Ribonuclease H2 subunit B
General Function:
Rna-dna hybrid ribonuclease activity
Specific Function:
Non catalytic subunit of RNase H2, an endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA:DNA hybrids. Participates in DNA replication, possibly by mediating the removal of lagging-strand Okazaki fragment RNA primers during DNA replication. Mediates the excision of single ribonucleotides from DNA:RNA duplexes.
Gene Name:
RNASEH2B
Uniprot ID:
Q5TBB1
Molecular Weight:
35138.455 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]
Target Details
26. Ribonuclease H2 subunit C
General Function:
Rna-dna hybrid ribonuclease activity
Specific Function:
Non catalytic subunit of RNase H2, an endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA:DNA hybrids. Participates in DNA replication, possibly by mediating the removal of lagging-strand Okazaki fragment RNA primers during DNA replication. Mediates the excision of single ribonucleotides from DNA:RNA duplexes.
Gene Name:
RNASEH2C
Uniprot ID:
Q8TDP1
Molecular Weight:
17839.985 Da
References
  1. Tashiro F, Hiral K, Ueno Y: Inhibitory effects of carcinogenic mycotoxins on deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase and ribonuclease H. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Aug;38(2):191-6. [117749 ]