Temazepam (T3D2719)

IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesGene RegulationTargets (21)XML
Targets (21)
Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2009-07-21 20:26:20 UTC
Update Date2014-12-24 20:25:50 UTC
Accession NumberT3D2719
Identification
Common NameTemazepam
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionTemazepam is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a benzodiazepine that acts as a gamma-aminobutyric acid modulator and anti-anxiety agent. [PubChem]Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors, which affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, this enhances the effects of GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA receptor. Binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell.
Compound Type
  • Adjuvant, Anesthesia
  • Amide
  • Amine
  • Anti-Anxiety Agent
  • Benzodiazepine
  • Drug
  • GABA Modulator
  • Hypnotic and Sedative
  • Metabolite
  • Organic Compound
  • Organochloride
  • Synthetic Compound
Chemical Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
Synonym
Euhypnos
Hydroxydiazepam
Methyloxazepam
N-Methyloxazepam
Norkotral
Normison
Nortem
Oxydiazepam
Remestan
Restoril
Temaze
Temtabs
Chemical FormulaC16H13ClN2O2
Average Molecular Mass300.740 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass300.067 g/mol
CAS Registry Number846-50-4
IUPAC Name7-chloro-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
Traditional Nametemazepam
SMILESCN1C2=C(C=C(Cl)C=C2)C(=NC(O)C1=O)C1=CC=CC=C1
InChI IdentifierInChI=1/C16H13ClN2O2/c1-19-13-8-7-11(17)9-12(13)14(18-15(20)16(19)21)10-5-3-2-4-6-10/h2-9,15,20H,1H3
InChI KeyInChIKey=SEQDDYPDSLOBDC-UHFFFAOYNA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,4-benzodiazepines. These are organic compounds containing a benzene ring fused to a 1,4-azepine.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassBenzodiazepines
Sub Class1,4-benzodiazepines
Direct Parent1,4-benzodiazepines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • 1,4-benzodiazepine
  • Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
  • Aryl chloride
  • Aryl halide
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Benzenoid
  • Tertiary carboxylic acid amide
  • Carboxamide group
  • Ketimine
  • Lactam
  • Alkanolamine
  • Azacycle
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Organochloride
  • Imine
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue Locations
  • Kidney
  • Liver
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceWhite powder.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point119-121°C
Boiling PointNot Available
Solubility164 mg/L
LogP2.19
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.053 g/LALOGPS
logP2.16ALOGPS
logP2.79ChemAxon
logS-3.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)10.68ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-1.4ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area52.9 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity81.01 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability30.32 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0076-1290000000-b5520ec3d2305756be732017-09-01View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0kmr-9437000000-0244d11da064e8c0d1e62017-10-06View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-0udi-0019000000-f9c9fe92391b593143eb2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-0a4i-0091000000-b26b004678460e39d9db2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-0a4i-0090000000-d71ab75b6d551af5cf292017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-0a4i-0390000000-43e671827e9519f8cbd72017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-0a6r-0980000000-6fcab627ec42157d1ed92017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-0a4i-0092000000-36017deb260bb70b05cd2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Positivesplash10-0a4i-0092000000-6a05dc5e5e75afdcbb8e2021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0a4i-0390000000-d827d877da314f89978b2021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 30V, Positivesplash10-0a4i-0090000000-4d4b7b7e906e1e440ca62021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0udi-0019000000-63de5541966279a763b92021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0a4i-0091000000-6f9aea1c6f9196a6e83b2021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Positivesplash10-0a4i-0090000000-870c794aaa0e39428afa2021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 50V, Positivesplash10-0a6r-0980000000-66dedd2284e2508d3ac32021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 50V, Positivesplash10-0a6r-0980000000-675aed8b116c38e11e482021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 50V, Positivesplash10-0a6r-0980000000-5dbd9ed3345c15cac6652021-09-20View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0udi-0009000000-7d9e12c41cdc378691732016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0udi-0339000000-d65623eab9da4e6e0a8f2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-002f-3930000000-e6777c2ed8db44e9e1932016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0002-0090000000-7fc31b3910bb0c20262c2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0007-0190000000-f5990016db4cbf3432da2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-052f-9340000000-37b87e4eed991dce5a032016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0002-0090000000-cde58810059d12ab5be72021-09-22View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0002-1090000000-2dc539ab79eba1a4f1d72021-09-22View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-001i-9020000000-9bd67fa93999e29b95822021-09-22View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0udi-0039000000-3e8551a1d6ec2eac7db02021-09-23View Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-00di-4391000000-eba55d0cdbd09c8774242014-09-20View Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureOral, well absorbed, minimal first-pass metabolism.
Mechanism of ToxicityBenzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors, which affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, this enhances the effects of GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA receptor. Binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell.
MetabolismHepatic. Temazepam is completely metabolized through conjugation prior to excretion. The major metabolite is the O-conjugate of temazepam (90%). Route of Elimination: Temazepam was completely metabolized through conjugation prior to excretion; 80% to 90% of the dose appeared in the urine. Half Life: 10-20 hours
Toxicity ValuesLD50: 1963 mg/kg (oral, mice) (6) LD50: 1833 mg/kg (oral, rat) (6) LD50: >2400 mg/kg (oral, rabbit) (6)
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (8)
Uses/SourcesOfficially indicated for severe insomnia and other severe or disabling sleep disorders. For the short-term treatment of insomnia (generally 7-10 days).
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsThey cause slurred speech, disorientation and "drunken" behavior. They are physically and psychologically addictive.
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentIf the patient is conscious, vomiting should be induced mechanically or with emetics. Gastric lavage should be employed utilizing concurrently a cuffed endotracheal tube if the patient is unconscious to prevent aspiration and pulmonary complications. Maintenance of adequate pulmonary ventilation is essential. The use of pressor agents intravenously may be necessary to combat hypotension. Fluids should be administered intravenously to encourage diuresis. (7)
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDDB00231
HMDB IDHMDB14376
PubChem Compound ID5391
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL967
ChemSpider ID5198
KEGG IDC07125
UniProt IDNot Available
OMIM ID
ChEBI ID195909
BioCyc IDNot Available
CTD IDNot Available
Stitch IDTemazepam
PDB IDNot Available
ACToR IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkTemazepam
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDST3D2719.pdf
General References
  1. Rickels K: The clinical use of hypnotics: indications for use and the need for a variety of hypnotics. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1986;332:132-41. [2883820 ]
  2. Oelschlager H: [Chemical and pharmacologic aspects of benzodiazepines]. Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 1989 Jul 4;78(27-28):766-72. [2570451 ]
  3. Vozeh S: [Pharmacokinetic of benzodiazepines in old age]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1981 Nov 21;111(47):1789-93. [6118950 ]
  4. Shats V, Kozacov S: [Falls in the geriatric department: responsibility of the care-giver and the hospital]. Harefuah. 1995 Jun 1;128(11):690-3, 743. [7557666 ]
  5. Rooke KC: The use of flurazepam (dalmane) as a substitute for barbiturates and methaqualone/diphenhydramine (mandrax) in general practice. J Int Med Res. 1976;4(5):355-9. [18375 ]
  6. Drugs.com [Link]
  7. RxList: The Internet Drug Index (2009). [Link]
  8. International Agency for Research on Cancer (2014). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. [Link]
Gene Regulation
Up-Regulated GenesNot Available
Down-Regulated GenesNot Available

Targets

Target Details
1. Translocator protein
General Function:
Cholesterol binding
Specific Function:
Can bind protoporphyrin IX and may play a role in the transport of porphyrins and heme (By similarity). Promotes the transport of cholesterol across mitochondrial membranes and may play a role in lipid metabolism (PubMed:24814875), but its precise physiological role is controversial. It is apparently not required for steroid hormone biosynthesis. Was initially identified as peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor; can also bind isoquinoline carboxamides (PubMed:1847678).
Gene Name:
TSPO
Uniprot ID:
P30536
Molecular Weight:
18827.81 Da
References
  1. Miller EI, Wylie FM, Oliver JS: Detection of benzodiazepines in hair using ELISA and LC-ESI-MS-MS. J Anal Toxicol. 2006 Sep;30(7):441-8. [16959136 ]
  2. Dobbin M, Martyres RF, Clode D, Champion De Crespigny FE: Association of benzodiazepine injection with the prescription of temazepam capsules. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2003 Jun;22(2):153-7. [12850901 ]
  3. Mant A, Whicker SD, McManus P, Birkett DJ, Edmonds D, Dumbrell D: Benzodiazepine utilisation in Australia: report from a new pharmacoepidemiological database. Aust J Public Health. 1993 Dec;17(4):345-9. [7911332 ]
  4. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
  5. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]
Target Details
2. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1
General Function:
Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:
Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine. Functions as receptor for diazepines and various anesthetics, such as pentobarbital; these are bound at a separate allosteric effector binding site. Functions as ligand-gated chloride channel (By similarity).
Gene Name:
GABRA1
Uniprot ID:
P14867
Molecular Weight:
51801.395 Da
References
  1. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [18384456 ]
  2. Giersch A, Boucart M, Elliott M, Vidailhet P: Atypical behavioural effects of lorazepam: clues to the design of novel therapies? Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;126(1):94-108. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.004. Epub 2010 Feb 4. [20138190 ]
  3. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
  4. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]
Target Details
3. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2
General Function:
Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Gene Name:
GABRA2
Uniprot ID:
P47869
Molecular Weight:
51325.85 Da
References
  1. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [18384456 ]
  2. Giersch A, Boucart M, Elliott M, Vidailhet P: Atypical behavioural effects of lorazepam: clues to the design of novel therapies? Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;126(1):94-108. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.004. Epub 2010 Feb 4. [20138190 ]
  3. Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
  4. Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]
Target Details
4. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3
General Function:
Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Gene Name:
GABRA3
Uniprot ID:
P34903
Molecular Weight:
55164.055 Da
References
  1. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [18384456 ]
  2. Giersch A, Boucart M, Elliott M, Vidailhet P: Atypical behavioural effects of lorazepam: clues to the design of novel therapies? Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;126(1):94-108. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.004. Epub 2010 Feb 4. [20138190 ]
  3. Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
  4. Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]
Target Details
5. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4
General Function:
Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Gene Name:
GABRA4
Uniprot ID:
P48169
Molecular Weight:
61622.645 Da
References
  1. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [18384456 ]
  2. Giersch A, Boucart M, Elliott M, Vidailhet P: Atypical behavioural effects of lorazepam: clues to the design of novel therapies? Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;126(1):94-108. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.004. Epub 2010 Feb 4. [20138190 ]
Target Details
6. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5
General Function:
Transporter activity
Specific Function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Gene Name:
GABRA5
Uniprot ID:
P31644
Molecular Weight:
52145.645 Da
References
  1. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [18384456 ]
  2. Giersch A, Boucart M, Elliott M, Vidailhet P: Atypical behavioural effects of lorazepam: clues to the design of novel therapies? Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;126(1):94-108. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.004. Epub 2010 Feb 4. [20138190 ]
  3. Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
  4. Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]
Target Details
7. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6
General Function:
Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Gene Name:
GABRA6
Uniprot ID:
Q16445
Molecular Weight:
51023.69 Da
References
  1. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [18384456 ]
  2. Giersch A, Boucart M, Elliott M, Vidailhet P: Atypical behavioural effects of lorazepam: clues to the design of novel therapies? Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;126(1):94-108. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.004. Epub 2010 Feb 4. [20138190 ]
Target Details
8. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1
General Function:
Ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:
Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine. Functions as receptor for diazepines and various anesthetics, such as pentobarbital; these are bound at a separate allosteric effector binding site. Functions as ligand-gated chloride channel (By similarity).
Gene Name:
GABRB1
Uniprot ID:
P18505
Molecular Weight:
54234.085 Da
References
  1. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [18384456 ]
  2. Giersch A, Boucart M, Elliott M, Vidailhet P: Atypical behavioural effects of lorazepam: clues to the design of novel therapies? Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;126(1):94-108. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.004. Epub 2010 Feb 4. [20138190 ]
  3. Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
  4. Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]
Target Details
9. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2
General Function:
Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:
Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine. Functions as receptor for diazepines and various anesthetics, such as pentobarbital; these are bound at a separate allosteric effector binding site. Functions as ligand-gated chloride channel.
Gene Name:
GABRB2
Uniprot ID:
P47870
Molecular Weight:
59149.895 Da
References
  1. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [18384456 ]
  2. Giersch A, Boucart M, Elliott M, Vidailhet P: Atypical behavioural effects of lorazepam: clues to the design of novel therapies? Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;126(1):94-108. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.004. Epub 2010 Feb 4. [20138190 ]
  3. Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
  4. Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]
Target Details
10. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3
General Function:
Gaba-gated chloride ion channel activity
Specific Function:
Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine. Functions as receptor for diazepines and various anesthetics, such as pentobarbital; these are bound at a separate allosteric effector binding site. Functions as ligand-gated chloride channel.
Gene Name:
GABRB3
Uniprot ID:
P28472
Molecular Weight:
54115.04 Da
References
  1. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [18384456 ]
  2. Giersch A, Boucart M, Elliott M, Vidailhet P: Atypical behavioural effects of lorazepam: clues to the design of novel therapies? Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;126(1):94-108. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.004. Epub 2010 Feb 4. [20138190 ]
  3. Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
  4. Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]
Target Details
11. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta
General Function:
Gaba-a receptor activity
Specific Function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Gene Name:
GABRD
Uniprot ID:
O14764
Molecular Weight:
50707.835 Da
References
  1. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [18384456 ]
  2. Giersch A, Boucart M, Elliott M, Vidailhet P: Atypical behavioural effects of lorazepam: clues to the design of novel therapies? Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;126(1):94-108. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.004. Epub 2010 Feb 4. [20138190 ]
  3. Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
  4. Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]
Target Details
12. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon
General Function:
Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Gene Name:
GABRE
Uniprot ID:
P78334
Molecular Weight:
57971.175 Da
References
  1. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [18384456 ]
  2. Giersch A, Boucart M, Elliott M, Vidailhet P: Atypical behavioural effects of lorazepam: clues to the design of novel therapies? Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;126(1):94-108. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.004. Epub 2010 Feb 4. [20138190 ]
  3. Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
  4. Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]
Target Details
13. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1
General Function:
Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Gene Name:
GABRG1
Uniprot ID:
Q8N1C3
Molecular Weight:
53594.49 Da
References
  1. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [18384456 ]
  2. Giersch A, Boucart M, Elliott M, Vidailhet P: Atypical behavioural effects of lorazepam: clues to the design of novel therapies? Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;126(1):94-108. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.004. Epub 2010 Feb 4. [20138190 ]
  3. Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
  4. Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]
Target Details
14. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2
General Function:
Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:
Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine. Functions as receptor for diazepines and various anesthetics, such as pentobarbital; these are bound at a separate allosteric effector binding site. Functions as ligand-gated chloride channel.
Gene Name:
GABRG2
Uniprot ID:
P18507
Molecular Weight:
54161.78 Da
References
  1. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [18384456 ]
  2. Giersch A, Boucart M, Elliott M, Vidailhet P: Atypical behavioural effects of lorazepam: clues to the design of novel therapies? Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;126(1):94-108. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.004. Epub 2010 Feb 4. [20138190 ]
  3. Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
  4. Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]
Target Details
15. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3
General Function:
Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Gene Name:
GABRG3
Uniprot ID:
Q99928
Molecular Weight:
54288.16 Da
References
  1. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [18384456 ]
  2. Giersch A, Boucart M, Elliott M, Vidailhet P: Atypical behavioural effects of lorazepam: clues to the design of novel therapies? Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;126(1):94-108. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.004. Epub 2010 Feb 4. [20138190 ]
  3. Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
  4. Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]
Target Details
16. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi
General Function:
Gaba-a receptor activity
Specific Function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. In the uterus, the function of the receptor appears to be related to tissue contractility. The binding of this pI subunit with other GABA(A) receptor subunits alters the sensitivity of recombinant receptors to modulatory agents such as pregnanolone.
Gene Name:
GABRP
Uniprot ID:
O00591
Molecular Weight:
50639.735 Da
References
  1. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [18384456 ]
  2. Giersch A, Boucart M, Elliott M, Vidailhet P: Atypical behavioural effects of lorazepam: clues to the design of novel therapies? Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;126(1):94-108. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.004. Epub 2010 Feb 4. [20138190 ]
  3. Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
  4. Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]
Target Details
17. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1
General Function:
Gaba-a receptor activity
Specific Function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. Rho-1 GABA receptor could play a role in retinal neurotransmission.
Gene Name:
GABRR1
Uniprot ID:
P24046
Molecular Weight:
55882.91 Da
References
  1. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [18384456 ]
  2. Giersch A, Boucart M, Elliott M, Vidailhet P: Atypical behavioural effects of lorazepam: clues to the design of novel therapies? Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;126(1):94-108. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.004. Epub 2010 Feb 4. [20138190 ]
  3. Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
  4. Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]
Target Details
18. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2
General Function:
Gaba-a receptor activity
Specific Function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. Rho-2 GABA receptor could play a role in retinal neurotransmission.
Gene Name:
GABRR2
Uniprot ID:
P28476
Molecular Weight:
54150.41 Da
References
  1. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [18384456 ]
  2. Giersch A, Boucart M, Elliott M, Vidailhet P: Atypical behavioural effects of lorazepam: clues to the design of novel therapies? Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;126(1):94-108. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.004. Epub 2010 Feb 4. [20138190 ]
  3. Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
  4. Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]
Target Details
19. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3
General Function:
Gaba-a receptor activity
Specific Function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Gene Name:
GABRR3
Uniprot ID:
A8MPY1
Molecular Weight:
54271.1 Da
References
  1. Mohler H, Fritschy JM, Rudolph U: A new benzodiazepine pharmacology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Jan;300(1):2-8. [11752090 ]
  2. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [18384456 ]
  3. Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
  4. Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]
Target Details
20. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta
General Function:
Transmembrane signaling receptor activity
Specific Function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Gene Name:
GABRQ
Uniprot ID:
Q9UN88
Molecular Weight:
72020.875 Da
References
  1. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [18384456 ]
  2. Giersch A, Boucart M, Elliott M, Vidailhet P: Atypical behavioural effects of lorazepam: clues to the design of novel therapies? Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;126(1):94-108. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.004. Epub 2010 Feb 4. [20138190 ]
21. GABA-A receptor (anion channel) (Protein Group)
General Function:
Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:
Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine. Functions as receptor for diazepines and various anesthetics, such as pentobarbital; these are bound at a separate allosteric effector binding site. Functions as ligand-gated chloride channel (By similarity).
Included Proteins:
P14867 , P47869 , P34903 , P48169 , P31644 , Q16445 , P18505 , P47870 , P28472 , O14764 , P78334 , Q8N1C3 , P18507 , Q99928 , O00591 , Q9UN88