Browsing Toxin Types
Displaying types 111 - 120 of 483 in total
Antimyasthenic Agent (2)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D2820 | Pyridostigmine | 155-97-5 | Pyridostigmine is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase inh...more |
| T3D2991 | Ambenonium | 7648-98-8 | Ambenonium is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase inhibit...more |
Antimycobacterial (2)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D2482 | Dapsone | 80-08-0 | Dapsone acts against bacteria and protozoa in the same way as sulphonamides, that is by inhibitin...more |
| T3D3018 | Rifapentine | 61379-65-5 | Rifapentine has shown higher bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities especially against intrac...more |
Antineoplastic Agent (37)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D0224 | Arsenic trioxide | 1327-53-3 | The mechanism of action of Arsenic Trioxide is not completely understood. Arsenic trioxide causes...more |
| T3D2479 | Vindesine | 53643-48-4 | Vindesine acts by causing the arrest of cells in metaphase mitosis through its inhibition tubulin...more |
| T3D2486 | Methotrexate | 59-05-2 | Methotrexate anti-tumor activity is a result of the inhibition of folic acid reductase, leading t...more |
| T3D2663 | Clodronate | 10596-23-3 | The bisphosphonate group binds strongly to the bone mineral, hydroxyapatite. This explains the sp...more |
| T3D2665 | Pamidronate | 40391-99-9 | The mechanism of action of pamidronate is inhibition of bone resorption. Pamidronate adsorbs to c...more |
| T3D2671 | Rituximab | 174722-31-7 | Binds to the CD20 antigen which is found on mature B lymphocytes. The Fc domain recruits immune e...more |
| T3D2674 | Oxaliplatin | 61825-94-3 | Oxaliplatin undergoes nonenzymatic conversion to active derivatives via displacement of the labil...more |
| T3D2727 | Cabergoline | 81409-90-7 | Ergoline alkaloids have been shown to have the significant affinity towards the 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 s...more |
| T3D2771 | Dexrazoxane | 24584-09-6 | The mechanism by which dexrazoxane exerts its cardioprotective activity is not fully understood. ...more |
| T3D2788 | Streptozocin | 18883-66-4 | Streptozotocin is a naturally occurring chemical that is particularly toxic to the insulin-produc...more |
| T3D2791 | Epirubicin | 56420-45-2 | Epirubicin has antimitotic and cytotoxic activity. It inhibits nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) and pro...more |
| T3D2822 | Pentostatin | 53910-25-1 | Pentostatin is a potent transition state inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA), the greatest act...more |
| T3D2861 | Daunorubicin | 20830-81-3 | Daunorubicin has antimitotic and cytotoxic activity through a number of proposed mechanisms of ac...more |
| T3D2884 | 9-cis-Retinoic acid | 302-79-4 | Tretinoin binds to alpha, beta, and gamma retinoic acid receptors (RARs). RAR-alpha and RAR-beta ...more |
| T3D2899 | Meloxicam | 71125-38-7 | Anti-inflammatory effects of meloxicam are believed to be due to inhibition of prostaglandin synt...more |
| T3D2953 | Doxorubicin | 23214-92-8 | Doxorubicin has antimitotic and cytotoxic activity through a number of proposed mechanisms of act...more |
| T3D3020 | Mitoxantrone | 65271-80-9 | Mitoxantrone, a DNA-reactive agent that intercalates into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) through hyd...more |
| T3D3067 | Vapreotide | 103222-11-3 | The exact mechanism of action is unknown, although one study has provided in vitro and in vivo ev...more |
| T3D3483 | Etidronic acid | 7414-83-7 | Bisphosphonates, when attached to bone tissue, are absorbed by osteoclasts, the bone cells that b...more |
| T3D3501 | Docetaxel | 114977-28-5 | Docetaxel interferes with the normal function of microtubule growth. Whereas drugs like colchicin...more |
| T3D3507 | Capecitabine | 154361-50-9 | Capecitabine is a prodrug that is selectively tumour-activated to its cytotoxic moiety, fluoroura...more |
| T3D3513 | Ifosfamide | 3778-73-2 | After metabolic activation, active metabolites of ifosfamide alkylate or bind with many intracell...more |
| T3D3533 | Sorafenib | 284461-73-0 | Sorafenib interacts with multiple intracellular (CRAF, BRAF and mutant BRAF) and cell surface kin...more |
| T3D3537 | Terazosin | 70024-40-7 | Terazosin selectively and competitively inhibits vascular postsynaptic alpha(1)-adrenergic recept...more |
| T3D4583 | Ethyl carbamate | 51-79-6 | Ethyl carbamate is genotoxic and a potent carcinogen. It exerts its effects through the formatio...more |
| T3D4674 | Amsacrine | 51264-14-3 | Amsacrine binds to DNA through intercalation and external binding. It has a base specificity for ...more |
| T3D4686 | Cisplatin | 15663-27-1 | Alkylating agents work by three different mechanisms: 1) attachment of alkyl groups to DNA bases,...more |
| T3D4711 | Procarbazine | 671-16-9 | The precise mode of cytotoxic action of procarbazine has not been clearly defined. There is evide...more |
| T3D4715 | Teniposide | 29767-20-2 | The mechanism of action appears to be related to the inhibition of type II topoisomerase activity...more |
| T3D4736 | Fludarabine | 75607-67-9 | Fludarabine phosphate is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intra...more |
| T3D4757 | Fulvestrant | 129453-61-8 | Fulvestrant competitively and reversibly binds to estrogen receptors present in cancer cells and ...more |
| T3D4767 | Hydroxyurea | 127-07-1 | Hydroxyurea is converted to a free radical nitroxide (NO) in vivo, and transported by diffusion i...more |
| T3D4774 | Cladribine | 4291-63-8 | Cladribine is structurally related to fludarabine and pentostatin but has a different mechanism o...more |
| T3D4783 | Nilutamide | 63612-50-0 | Nilutamide competes with androgen for the binding of androgen receptors, consequently blocking th...more |
| T3D4799 | Azelaic Acid | 123-99-9 | The exact mechanism of action of azelaic acid is not known. It is thought that azelaic acid manif...more |
| T3D4803 | Letrozole | 112809-51-5 | Letrozole is a nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor of the aromatase enzyme system; it inhibits the...more |
| T3D4813 | Masoprocol | 500-38-9 | Although the exact mechanism of action is not known, studies have shown that masoprocol is a pote...more |
Antineoplastic Agent, Alkylating (9)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D3513 | Ifosfamide | 3778-73-2 | After metabolic activation, active metabolites of ifosfamide alkylate or bind with many intracell...more |
| T3D4204 | Mechlorethamine | 51-75-2 | Alkylating agents work by three different mechanisms: 1) attachment of alkyl groups to DNA bases,...more |
| T3D4681 | Carmustine | 154-93-8 | Carmustine causes cross-links in DNA and RNA, leading to the inhibition of DNA synthesis, RNA pro...more |
| T3D4684 | Chlorambucil | 305-03-3 | Alkylating agents work by three different mechanisms: 1) attachment of alkyl groups to DNA bases,...more |
| T3D4688 | Cyclophosphamide | 50-18-0 | Alkylating agents work by three different mechanisms: 1) attachment of alkyl groups to DNA bases,...more |
| T3D4689 | Dacarbazine | 4342-03-4 | The mechanism of action is not known, but appears to exert cytotoxic effects via its action as an...more |
| T3D4700 | Lomustine | 13010-47-4 | Lomustine is a highly lipophilic nitrosourea compound which undergoes hydrolysis in vivo to form ...more |
| T3D4728 | Cyclophosphamide | Not Available | Alkylating agents work by three different mechanisms: 1) attachment of alkyl groups to DNA bases,...more |
| T3D4750 | Busulfan | 55-98-1 | Busulfan is an alkylating agent that contains 2 labile methanesulfonate groups attached to opposi...more |
Antineoplastic Agent, Hormonal (12)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D0151 | O,P'-DDD | 53-19-0 | DDD toxicity occurs via at least four mechanisms, possibly all functioning simultaneously. DDD re...more |
| T3D2917 | Drostanolone | 58-19-5 | Dromostanolone is a synthetic androgenic anabolic steroid and is approximately 5 times as potent ...more |
| T3D3010 | Fluoxymesterone | 76-43-7 | Fluoxymesterone is a synthetic androgenic anabolic steroid and is approximately 5 times as potent...more |
| T3D4710 | Prednisone | 53-03-2 | Prednisone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. It is first metabolized in the liver to its acti...more |
| T3D4714 | Tamoxifen | 10540-29-1 | Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal agent that binds to estrogen receptors (ER), inducing a conformationa...more |
| T3D4730 | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | 71-58-9 | Progestins diffuse freely into target cells in the female reproductive tract, mammary gland, hypo...more |
| T3D4748 | Methyltestosterone | 58-18-4 | The effects of testosterone in humans and other vertebrates occur by way of two main mechanisms: ...more |
| T3D4757 | Fulvestrant | 129453-61-8 | Fulvestrant competitively and reversibly binds to estrogen receptors present in cancer cells and ...more |
| T3D4768 | Flutamide | 13311-84-7 | Flutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen that blocks the action of both endogenous and exogenous ...more |
| T3D4796 | Anastrozole | 120511-73-1 | Anastrozole selectively inhibits aromatase. The principal source of circulating estrogen (primari...more |
| T3D4806 | Aminoglutethimide | 125-84-8 | Aminoglutethimide reduces the production of D5-pregnenolone and blocks several other steps in ste...more |
| T3D4982 | Dexamethasone | 50-02-2 | Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid agonist. Unbound dexamethasone crosses cell membranes and binds...more |
Antineoplastic Agent, Phytogenic (7)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D2479 | Vindesine | 53643-48-4 | Vindesine acts by causing the arrest of cells in metaphase mitosis through its inhibition tubulin...more |
| T3D3501 | Docetaxel | 114977-28-5 | Docetaxel interferes with the normal function of microtubule growth. Whereas drugs like colchicin...more |
| T3D4016 | Vincristine | 57-22-7 | The antitumor activity of Vincristine is thought to be due primarily to inhibition of mitosis at ...more |
| T3D4017 | Vinblastine | 865-21-4 | The antitumor activity of vinblastine is thought to be due primarily to inhibition of mitosis at ...more |
| T3D4019 | Paclitaxel | 33069-62-4 | Paclitaxel interferes with the normal function of microtubule growth. Whereas drugs like colchici...more |
| T3D4617 | Podofilox | 477-47-4 | Etoposide, a semisynthetic derivative of podofilox, induces DNA breakage through its inhibition o...more |
| T3D4695 | Etoposide | 33419-42-0 | Etoposide inhibits DNA topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA re-ligation. This causes critical...more |
Antineoplastic, Adjunct (1)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D2849 | Pteroyl-D-glutamic acid | 1492-18-8 | As leucovorin is a derivative of folic acid, it can be used to increase levels of folic acid unde...more |
Antioxidant (7)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D2700 | Alpha-Tocopherol | 59-02-9 | Although all forms of Vitamin E exhibit antioxidant activity, it is known that the antioxidant ac...more |
| T3D2702 | (R)-lipoic acid | 62-46-4 | (R)-lipoic acid is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase in...more |
| T3D2783 | Pramipexole | 104632-26-0 | The precise mechanism of action of Pramipexole as a treatment for Parkinson's disease is unknown,...more |
| T3D2928 | Zonisamide | 68291-97-4 | Zonisamide binds to sodium channels and voltage sensitive calcium channels, which suppresses neur...more |
| T3D2972 | Melatonin | 73-31-4 | Melatonin is a derivative of tryptophan. It binds to melatonin receptor type 1A, which then acts ...more |
| T3D4758 | Quercetin | 117-39-5 | Quercetin is a specific quinone reductase 2 (QR2) inhibitor, an enzyme (along with the human QR1 ...more |
| T3D4813 | Masoprocol | 500-38-9 | Although the exact mechanism of action is not known, studies have shown that masoprocol is a pote...more |
Antiparasitic Agent (3)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D1040 | Ivermectin | 70288-86-7 | Ivermectin binds selectively and with high affinity to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels in i...more |
| T3D4995 | 22,23-dihydroavermectin b1a | 71827-03-7 | Ivermectin binds selectively and with high affinity to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels in i...more |
| T3D4996 | 22,23-dihydroavermectin b1b | 70209-81-3 | Ivermectin binds selectively and with high affinity to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels in i...more |
Antiparkinson Agent (22)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D2560 | Amantadine | 768-94-5 | The mechanism of its antiparkinsonic effect is not fully understood, but it appears to be releasi...more |
| T3D2724 | Benzatropine | 86-13-5 | Benztropine is a selective M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. It is able to discrim...more |
| T3D2727 | Cabergoline | 81409-90-7 | Ergoline alkaloids have been shown to have the significant affinity towards the 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 s...more |
| T3D2731 | Ropinirole | 91374-21-9 | Ropinirole binds the dopamine receptors D3 and D2. Although the precise mechanism of action of ro...more |
| T3D2751 | Tolcapone | 134308-13-7 | Tolcapone hepatoxicity can be attributed to elevated levels of transminases, but studies have sho...more |
| T3D2755 | Metixene | 4969-02-2 | Parkinsonism is thought to result from an imbalance between the excitatory (cholinergic) and inhi...more |
| T3D2770 | Trihexyphenidyl | 144-11-6 | Trihexyphenidyl is a selective M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. It is able to dis...more |
| T3D2773 | Procyclidine | 77-37-2 | The mechanism of action is unknown. It is thought that Procyclidine acts by blocking central chol...more |
| T3D2783 | Pramipexole | 104632-26-0 | The precise mechanism of action of Pramipexole as a treatment for Parkinson's disease is unknown,...more |
| T3D2808 | Entacapone | 130929-57-6 | The mechanism of action of entacapone is believed to be through its ability to inhibit COMT in pe...more |
| T3D2867 | Apomorphine | 41372-20-7 | The precise mechanism of action of apomorphine as a treatment for Parkinson's disease is unknown,...more |
| T3D2897 | Biperiden | 514-65-8 | Parkinsonism is thought to result from an imbalance between the excitatory (cholinergic) and inhi...more |
| T3D2908 | Progabide | 62666-20-0 | Progabide binds to both GABAA and GABAB receptors located on the terminals of primary afferent fi...more |
| T3D2952 | Gabapentin | 60142-96-3 | Gabapentin interacts with cortical neurons at auxillary subunits of voltage-sensitive calcium cha...more |
| T3D2965 | Selegiline | 14611-51-9 | Although the mechanisms for selegiline's beneficial action in the treatment of Parkinson's diseas...more |
| T3D2967 | Memantine | 19982-08-2 | Memantine exerts its action through uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonism, binding preferentiall...more |
| T3D2976 | Diphenhydramine | 58-73-1 | Diphenhydramine competes with free histamine for binding at HA-receptor sites. This antagonizes t...more |
| T3D3005 | Orphenadrine | 83-98-7 | Orphenadrine binds and inhibits both histamine H1 receptors and NMDA receptors. It restores the m...more |
| T3D3011 | Pergolide | 66104-22-1 | The dopamine D2 receptor is a 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor associated with Gi prote...more |
| T3D3017 | Bromocriptine | 25614-03-3 | The dopamine D2 receptor is a 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor associated with Gi prote...more |
| T3D3028 | L-Dopa | 59-92-7 | Striatal dopamine levels in symptomatic Parkinson's disease are decreased by 60 to 80%, striatal ...more |
| T3D4856 | Diphenhydramine | Not Available | Diphenhydramine is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase in...more |