Browsing Toxin Types
Displaying types 441 - 450 of 483 in total
Spider Toxin (17)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D2494 | omega-Agatoxin | 145017-83-0 | omega-Agatoxins block the calcium channels in the presynaptic terminals of the neuromuscular junc...more |
| T3D2495 | Atracotoxin, omega- (Hadronyche versuta) | 193981-10-1 | omega-Atracotoxins inhibit invertebrate voltage-gated calcium channel currents. (T170, L1812) |
| T3D2496 | Versutoxin | 114264-83-4 | Versutoxin inhibits both insect and mammalian voltage-gated sodium channels. It binds to site 3 i...more |
| T3D2497 | Robustoxin | 91728-12-0 | Robustoxin inhibits both insect and mammalian voltage-gated sodium channels. It binds to site 3 i...more |
| T3D2498 | Grammotoxin | 152617-90-8 | Grammotoxin inhibits P-, Q- and N-type voltage-gated calcium channels in neurons. Binding to the ...more |
| T3D2499 | Huwentoxin | 526224-73-7 | Huwentoxin blocks neuromuscular transmission by binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, ...more |
| T3D2500 | alpha-Latrotoxin | 65988-34-3 | alpha-Latrotoxin acts presynaptically to release neurotransmitters from sensory and motor neurons...more |
| T3D2501 | Phrixotoxin | 880886-00-0 or 221872-97-5 | Phrixotoxin blocks A-type potassium channels by altering the gating properties of these channels....more |
| T3D2502 | Stromatoxin | 1262235-00-6 | Stromatoxin blocks the delayed-rectifier type potassium channels Kv2.1, Kv2.2, Kv2.1/9.3 and the ...more |
| T3D2503 | Phoneutriatoxin | Not Available | Phoneutriatoxin acts as an antagonist at certain calcium channels. (T170) |
| T3D2505 | Heteropodatoxin | 189120-72-7 | Heteropodatoxin blocks A-type, transient voltage-gated potassium channels by acting as a gating m...more |
| T3D2626 | alpha-Agatoxin | 128549-96-2 | alpha-Agatoxins block the glutamate-activated receptor channels in the neuronal postsynaptic term...more |
| T3D2627 | mu-Agatoxin | 120500-28-9 | mu-Agatoxins modify presynaptic voltage-activated sodium channels in the neuromuscular joints of ...more |
| T3D2628 | kappa-Atracotoxin (Hadronyche versuta) | Not Available | kappa-Atracotoxins inhibit insect voltage-gated potassium channels. (T170, L1812) |
| T3D2629 | Hanatoxin | 170780-01-5 | Hanatoxin inhibits voltage-gated potassium channels by altering the gating energetics, which it d...more |
| T3D2630 | Sphingomyelinase D (Loxosceles intermedia) | 9031-54-3 | Sphingomyelinase D catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, inducing complement-dependent haemo...more |
| T3D2631 | Heteroscodratoxin | Not Available | Heteroscodratoxin inhibits voltage-gated potassium channels by binding to the extracellular linke...more |
Steroid (1)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D4751 | Dihydrotestosterone | 521-18-6 | Not Available |
Stimulant (6)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D2709 | Phentermine | 122-09-8 | Phentermine is an amphetamine that stimulates neurons to release or maintain high levels of a par...more |
| T3D2799 | Picrotoxin | 124-87-8 | Picrotoxin antagonizes the GABAA receptor channel directly, which is a ligand-gated ion channel c...more |
| T3D2825 | Benzthiazide | 91-33-8 | As a diuretic, benzthiazide inhibits active chloride reabsorption at the early distal tubule via ...more |
| T3D2876 | Modafinil | 68693-11-8 | The exact mechanism of action is unclear, although in vitro studies have shown it to inhibit the ...more |
| T3D2935 | Diethylpropion | 90-84-6 | Diethylpropion is an amphetamine that stimulates neurons to release or maintain high levels of a ...more |
| T3D2986 | Sibutramine | 106650-56-0 | Sibutramine produces its therapeutic effects by inhibition of norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-h...more |
Strontium Compound (1)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D0120 | Strontium-90 | 10098-97-2 | The fact that strontium is chemically similar to calcium allows it to exchange for calcium in bon...more |
Succinimide (2)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D2834 | Ethosuximide | 77-67-8 | Binds to T-type voltage sensitive calcium channels. Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) med...more |
| T3D3069 | Methsuximide | 77-41-8 | Methsuximide suppresses the paroxysmal three cycle per second spike and wave activity associated ...more |
Sulfonamide (2)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D2892 | Sulfasalazine | 599-79-1 | The mode of action of Sulfasalazine or its metabolites, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and sulfapy...more |
| T3D3068 | Silver sulfadiazine | 22199-08-2 | Studies utilizing radioactive micronized silver sulfadiazine, electron microscopy, and biochemica...more |
Sunscreening Agent (1)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D4807 | Oxybenzone | 131-57-7 | Oxybenzone absorbs UV-A ultraviolet rays, preventing them from reaching the skin. |
Supplement (37)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D2690 | Biotin | 58-85-5 | Biotin is necessary for the proper functioning of enzymes that transport carboxyl units and fix c...more |
| T3D2698 | Folic acid | 59-30-3 | Folic acid, as it is biochemically inactive, is converted to tetrahydrofolic acid and methyltetra...more |
| T3D2700 | Alpha-Tocopherol | 59-02-9 | Although all forms of Vitamin E exhibit antioxidant activity, it is known that the antioxidant ac...more |
| T3D2702 | (R)-lipoic acid | 62-46-4 | (R)-lipoic acid is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase in...more |
| T3D2704 | Menadione | 58-27-5 | Menadione (vitamin K3) is involved as a cofactor in the posttranslational gamma-carboxylation of ...more |
| T3D4156 | L-Cysteine | 52-90-4 | Uremic toxins such as cysteine are actively transported into the kidneys via organic ion transpor...more |
| T3D4166 | Spermine | 71-44-3 | Uremic toxins such as spermine are actively transported into the kidneys via organic ion transpor...more |
| T3D4238 | Succinate | Not Available | Succinate can inhibit the activities of α-KG–dependent oxygenases (KDMs) and the TET family of 5-...more |
| T3D4248 | L-Lysine | 56-87-1 | Proteins of the herpes simplex virus are rich in L-arginine, and tissue culture studies indicate ...more |
| T3D4276 | Adenosine triphosphate | 56-65-5 | ATP is able to store and transport chemical energy within cells. ATP also plays an important role...more |
| T3D4279 | Adenine | 73-24-5 | Adenine forms adenosine, a nucleoside, when attached to ribose, and deoxyadenosine when attached ...more |
| T3D4289 | L-Arginine | 74-79-3 | Many of supplemental L-arginine's activities, including its possible anti-atherogenic actions, ma...more |
| T3D4290 | Creatine | 57-00-1 | In the muscles, a fraction of the total creatine binds to phosphate - forming creatine phosphate....more |
| T3D4295 | Citrulline | 372-75-8 | L-citrulline is converted to L-arginine by argininosuccinate synthase. L-arginine is in turn resp...more |
| T3D4296 | L-Glutamic acid | 56-86-0 | Glutamate activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. The ionotropic ones bei...more |
| T3D4318 | Glycine | 56-40-6 | In the CNS, there exist strychnine-sensitive glycine binding sites as well as strychnine-insensit...more |
| T3D4319 | L-Glutamine | 56-85-9 | Supplemental L-glutamine's possible immunomodulatory role may be accounted for in a number of way...more |
| T3D4320 | L-Alanine | 56-41-7 | L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. I...more |
| T3D4325 | Pyruvic acid | 127-17-3 | Pyruvate serves as a biological fuel by being converted to acetyl coenzyme A, which enters the tr...more |
| T3D4328 | L-Methionine | 63-68-3 | The mechanism of the possible anti-hepatotoxic activity of L-methionine is not entirely clear. It...more |
| T3D4329 | Ornithine | 70-26-8 | L-Ornithine is metabolised to L-arginine. L-arginine stimulates the pituitary release of growth h...more |
| T3D4352 | Glutathione | 70-18-8 | Glutathione (GSH) participates in leukotriene synthesis and is a cofactor for the enzyme glutathi...more |
| T3D4362 | L-Asparagine | 70-47-3 | Asparagine, a non-essential amino acid is important in the metabolism of toxic ammonia in the bod...more |
| T3D4363 | L-Histidine | 71-00-1 | Since the actions of supplemental L-histidine are unclear, any postulated mechanism is entirely s...more |
| T3D4364 | L-Isoleucine | 73-32-5 | (Applies to Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine) This group of essential amino acids are identified as...more |
| T3D4365 | L-Leucine | 61-90-5 | This group of essential amino acids are identified as the branched-chain amino acids, BCAAs. Beca...more |
| T3D4366 | L-Phenylalanine | 63-91-2 | Extremely high serum levels of phenylalanine are found in patients with the inborn error of metab...more |
| T3D4367 | L-Serine | 56-45-1 | L-Serine plays a role in cell growth and development (cellular proliferation). The conversion of ...more |
| T3D4368 | L-Threonine | 72-19-5 | L-Threonine is a precursor to the amino acids glycine and serine. It acts as a lipotropic in cont...more |
| T3D4369 | L-Tryptophan | 73-22-3 | A number of important side reactions occur during the catabolism of tryptophan on the pathway to ...more |
| T3D4371 | L-Tyrosine | 60-18-4 | Tyrosine is produced in cells by hydroxylating the essential amino acid phenylalanine. This relat...more |
| T3D4407 | Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate | 54-47-7 | Pyridoxal Phosphate is a coenzyme of many enzymatic reactions. It is the active form of vitamin B...more |
| T3D4411 | L-Proline | 147-85-3 | Glycogenic, by L-Proline oxidase in the kidney, it is ring-opened and is oxidized to form L-Gluta...more |
| T3D4453 | Succinic acid | 110-15-6 | Succinate can inhibit the activities of α-KG–dependent oxygenases (KDMs) and the TET family of 5-...more |
| T3D4456 | S-Adenosylmethionine | 29908-03-0 | S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) is a natural substance present in the cells of the body. It is a dire...more |
| T3D4697 | Iron | 7439-89-6 | Iron is necessary for the production of hemoglobin. Iron-deficiency can lead to decreased product...more |
| T3D4812 | Alpha-Linolenic Acid | 463-40-1 | Alpha Linolenic Acid or ALA is considered an essential fatty acid because it is required for huma...more |
Surface-Active Agent (2)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D3629 | Sodium lauryl sulfate | 151-21-3 | While sodium lauryl sulfate itself is not toxic, it is a nitrosating agent. Nitrosating agents ma...more |
| T3D4742 | Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate | 1191-50-0 | Sodium tetradecyl sulfate is a potent toxin for endothelial cells in that brief exposure to even ...more |
Sympatholytic (8)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D2460 | Ergotamine | 113-15-5 | Ergoline alkaloids tend to act as a group, producing complex and variable effects of partial agon...more |
| T3D2726 | Methysergide | 361-37-5 | Ergoline alkaloids have been shown to have the significant affinity towards the 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 s...more |
| T3D2750 | Dihydroergotamine | 6190-39-2 | Two theories have been proposed to explain the efficacy of 5-HT1D receptor agonists in migraine: ...more |
| T3D2829 | Clonidine | 4205-90-7 | Clonidine acts as an agonist at presynaptic alpha(2)-receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarius ...more |
| T3D3478 | Methyldopa | 555-29-3 | Although the mechanism of action has yet to be conclusively demonstrated, the antihypertensive ef...more |
| T3D3480 | Atenolol | 29122-68-7 | Like metoprolol, atenolol competes with sympathomimetic neurotransmitters such as catecholamines ...more |
| T3D3517 | Labetalol | 36894-69-6 | Labetalol has two asymmetric centers and therefore, exists as a molecular complex of two diastere...more |
| T3D3577 | Methyldopa | 555-30-6 | Although the mechanism of action has yet to be conclusively demonstrated, the resultant hypotensi...more |