Browsing Toxin Types
Anorexigenic Agent (5)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D2709 | Phentermine | 122-09-8 | Phentermine is an amphetamine that stimulates neurons to release or maintain high levels of a par...more |
| T3D2712 | Caffeine | 58-08-2 | Caffeine stimulates medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers, promoting bradycardia, ...more |
| T3D2876 | Modafinil | 68693-11-8 | The exact mechanism of action is unclear, although in vitro studies have shown it to inhibit the ...more |
| T3D2935 | Diethylpropion | 90-84-6 | Diethylpropion is an amphetamine that stimulates neurons to release or maintain high levels of a ...more |
| T3D2986 | Sibutramine | 106650-56-0 | Sibutramine produces its therapeutic effects by inhibition of norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-h...more |
Anthelmintic (2)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D3476 | Albendazole | 54965-21-8 | Albendazole causes degenerative alterations in the tegument and intestinal cells of the worm by b...more |
| T3D3931 | Thiabendazole | 148-79-8 | The precise mode of action of thiabendazole on the parasite is unknown, but it most likely inhibi...more |
Anti-Acne Preparation (1)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D2699 | Vitamin A | 68-26-8 | Vision:Vitamin A (all-trans retinol) is converted in the retina to the 11-cis-isomer of retinalde...more |
Anti-Allergic Agent (15)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D2756 | Cetirizine | 83881-51-0 | Cetirizine competes with histamine for binding at H1-receptor sites on the effector cell surface,...more |
| T3D2757 | Terfenadine | 50679-08-8 | Terfenadine competes with histamine for binding at H1-receptor sites in the GI tract, uterus, lar...more |
| T3D2790 | Cyproheptadine | 129-03-3 | Cyproheptadine competes with free histamine for binding at HA-receptor sites. This antagonizes th...more |
| T3D2796 | Loratadine | 79794-75-5 | Loratadine competes with free histamine and exhibits specific, selective peripheral H1 antagonist...more |
| T3D2844 | Astemizole | 68844-77-9 | Astemizole competes with histamine for binding at H1-receptor sites in the GI tract, uterus, larg...more |
| T3D2874 | Meclizine | 569-65-3 | Along with its actions as an antagonist at H1-receptors, meclizine also possesses anticholinergic...more |
| T3D2886 | Olopatadine | 113806-05-6 | Olopatadine is a selective histamine H1 antagonist that binds to the histamine H1 receptor. This ...more |
| T3D2938 | Fexofenadine | 83799-24-0 | Like other H1-blockers, Fexofenadine competes with free histamine for binding at H1-receptors in ...more |
| T3D2976 | Diphenhydramine | 58-73-1 | Diphenhydramine competes with free histamine for binding at HA-receptor sites. This antagonizes t...more |
| T3D2989 | Chlorpheniramine | 132-22-9 | Chlorpheniramine binds to the histamine H1 receptor. This blocks the action of endogenous histami...more |
| T3D3066 | Bepotastine | 125602-71-3 | Because of a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction cascade that is triggered by antigen exposure, alle...more |
| T3D4554 | Brompheniramine | 86-22-6 | Brompheniramine works by acting as an antagonist of the H1 histamine receptors. It also functions...more |
| T3D4558 | Azelastine | 58581-89-8 | Azelastine competes with histamine for the H1-receptor sites on effector cells and acts as an ant...more |
| T3D4560 | Promethazine | 60-87-7 | Like other H1-antagonists, promethazine competes with free histamine for binding at H1-receptor s...more |
| T3D4856 | Diphenhydramine | Not Available | Diphenhydramine is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase in...more |
Anti-Anemic Agent (4)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D0673 | Cyanocobalamin | 68-19-9 | Vitamin B12 is used in the body in two forms: Methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosyl cobalamin. The ...more |
| T3D0677 | Hydroxocobalamin | 13422-51-0 | Vitamin B12 exists in four major forms referred to collectively as cobalamins; deoxyadenosylcobal...more |
| T3D2849 | Pteroyl-D-glutamic acid | 1492-18-8 | As leucovorin is a derivative of folic acid, it can be used to increase levels of folic acid unde...more |
| T3D4697 | Iron | 7439-89-6 | Iron is necessary for the production of hemoglobin. Iron-deficiency can lead to decreased product...more |
Anti-Anxiety Agent (28)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D2564 | Triazolam | 28911-01-5 | Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to bezodiazepine receptors BNZ1, which mediates sleep, and B...more |
| T3D2705 | Fluvoxamine | 54739-18-3 | The exact mechanism of action of fluvoxamine has not been fully determined, but appears to be lin...more |
| T3D2707 | Lorazepam | 846-49-1 | Lorazepam binds to an allosteric site on GABA-A receptors, which are pentameric ionotropic recept...more |
| T3D2719 | Temazepam | 846-50-4 | Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors, which affects muscle relaxation...more |
| T3D2721 | Butabarbital | 125-40-6 | Butabarbital binds at a distinct binding site associated with a Cl- ionopore at the GABAA recepto...more |
| T3D2777 | Alprazolam | 28981-97-7 | Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors BNZ1, which mediates sleep, and ...more |
| T3D2804 | Chlordiazepoxide | 58-25-3 | Chlordiazepoxide binds to stereospecific benzodiazepine (BZD) binding sites on GABA (A) receptor ...more |
| T3D2807 | Buspirone | 36505-84-7 | Buspirone binds to 5-HT type 1A serotonin receptors on presynaptic neurons in the dorsal raphe an...more |
| T3D2842 | Clorazepate | 23887-31-2 | Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors BNZ1, which mediates sleep, and ...more |
| T3D2852 | Trazodone | 19794-93-5 | Trazodone binds at 5-HT2 receptor, it acts as a serotonin agonist at high doses and a serotonin a...more |
| T3D2859 | Midazolam | 59467-70-8 | It is thought that the actions of benzodiazepines such as midazolam are mediated through the inhi...more |
| T3D2860 | Flurazepam | 17617-23-1 | Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to bezodiazepine receptors BNZ1, which mediates sleep, and B...more |
| T3D2881 | Tranylcypromine | 155-09-9 | Tranylcypromine irreversibly and nonselectively inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO). Within neurons,...more |
| T3D2893 | Halazepam | 23092-17-3 | Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors BNZ1, which mediates sleep, and ...more |
| T3D2903 | Diazepam | 439-14-5 | Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors which mediate sleep, affects mus...more |
| T3D2909 | Oxazepam | 604-75-1 | Similar to other benzodiazepines, oxazepam exerts its anxiolytic effects by potentiating the effe...more |
| T3D2925 | Ondansetron | 99614-02-5 | Ondansetron is a selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. The antiemetic activity of the dr...more |
| T3D2952 | Gabapentin | 60142-96-3 | Gabapentin interacts with cortical neurons at auxillary subunits of voltage-sensitive calcium cha...more |
| T3D2993 | Doxepin | 1668-19-5 | The mechanism of action of doxepin is not completely understood. It is thought that like amitript...more |
| T3D3009 | Chlormezanone | 80-77-3 | Chlormezanone binds to central benzodiazepine receptors which interact allosterically with GABA r...more |
| T3D3023 | Estazolam | 29975-16-4 | Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors, which affects affects muscle re...more |
| T3D3038 | Butethal | 77-28-1 | Butethal binds at a distinct binding site associated with a Cl- ionopore at the GABAA receptor, i...more |
| T3D3047 | Flunitrazepam | 1622-62-4 | Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors BNZ1, which mediates sleep, and ...more |
| T3D3048 | Bromazepam | 1812-30-2 | Bromazepam binds to the GABA receptor GABAA, causing a conformational change and increasing inhib...more |
| T3D3049 | Clotiazepam | 33671-46-4 | Clotiazepam acts at the benzodiazepine receptors (BZD). This agonizes the action of GABA, increas...more |
| T3D3054 | Prazepam | 2955-38-6 | Prazepam is believed to stimulate GABA receptors in the ascending reticular activating system. Si...more |
| T3D3055 | Quazepam | 36735-22-5 | Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors, which affects muscle relaxation...more |
| T3D3057 | Nitrazepam | 146-22-5 | Nitrazepam belongs to a group of medicines called benzodiazepines. It acts on benzodiazepine rece...more |
Anti-Arrhythmia Agent (14)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D2556 | Flecainide | 54143-55-4 | Flecainide acts on sodium channels on the neuronal cell membrane, limiting the spread of seizure ...more |
| T3D2670 | Digoxin | 20830-75-5 | Digoxin binds to a site on the extracellular aspect of the alpha-subunit of the Na+/K+ ATPase pum...more |
| T3D2735 | Lidocaine | 137-58-6 | Lidocaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initia...more |
| T3D2757 | Terfenadine | 50679-08-8 | Terfenadine competes with histamine for binding at H1-receptor sites in the GI tract, uterus, lar...more |
| T3D2851 | Magnesium Sulfate | 7487-88-9 | Magnesium is the second most plentiful cation of the intracellular fluids. It is essential for th...more |
| T3D2991 | Ambenonium | 7648-98-8 | Ambenonium is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase inhibit...more |
| T3D3095 | Hyoscyamine | 101-31-5 | Hyoscyamine is an anticholinergic, specifically an antimuscarinic, and works by blocking the acti...more |
| T3D3096 | D-Hyoscyamine | 13269-35-7 | Hyoscyamine is an anticholinergic, specifically an antimuscarinic, and works by blocking the acti...more |
| T3D3480 | Atenolol | 29122-68-7 | Like metoprolol, atenolol competes with sympathomimetic neurotransmitters such as catecholamines ...more |
| T3D3544 | Verapamil | 52-53-9 | Verapamil inhibits voltage-dependent calcium channels. Specifically, its effect on L-type calcium...more |
| T3D4021 | Digitoxin | 71-63-6 | Digitoxin inhibits the Na-K-ATPase membrane pump, resulting in an increase in intracellular sodiu...more |
| T3D4275 | Adenosine | 58-61-7 | Adenosine slows conduction time through the AV node and can interrupt the reentry pathways throug...more |
| T3D4737 | Amiodarone | 1951-25-3 | The antiarrhythmic effect of amiodarone may be due to at least two major actions. It prolongs the...more |
| T3D4738 | Encainide | 66778-36-7 | Encainide is a sodium channel blocker, binding to voltage gated sodium channels. It stabilizes th...more |
Anti-Bacterial Agent (22)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D2478 | Levofloxacin | 100986-85-4 | Levofloxacin inhibits bacterial type II topoisomerases, topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase. Levoflox...more |
| T3D2568 | Ceftriaxone | 73384-59-5 | Ceftriaxone works by inhibiting the mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall. The beta-la...more |
| T3D2675 | Linezolid | 165800-03-3 | Linezolid targets the large 39S subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome thereby deactivation mitoch...more |
| T3D2838 | Rifabutin | 72559-06-9 | Rifabutin acts via the inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in gram-positive and some gram-...more |
| T3D2847 | Nystatin | 1400-61-9 | Nystatin interacts with 14-α demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme necessary for the conversion ...more |
| T3D2921 | Sirolimus | 53123-88-9 | Sirolimus inhibits T lymphocyte activation and proliferation that occurs in response to antigenic...more |
| T3D2951 | Neomycin | 1404-04-2 | Aminoglycosides like neomycin "irreversibly" bind to specific 30S-subunit proteins and 16S rRNA. ...more |
| T3D3068 | Silver sulfadiazine | 22199-08-2 | Studies utilizing radioactive micronized silver sulfadiazine, electron microscopy, and biochemica...more |
| T3D3268 | Acetic acid | 64-19-7 | Acetic acid is toxic due to its corrosive nature. In addition to causing skin burns and irritatio...more |
| T3D3492 | Cephalosporin | 97519-39-6 | Ceftibuten exerts its bactericidal action by binding to essential target proteins of the bacteria...more |
| T3D3497 | Clindamycin | 18323-44-9 | Systemic/vaginal clindamycin inhibits protein synthesis of bacteria by binding to the 50S ribosom...more |
| T3D3529 | Polymyxin B Sulfate | 1405-20-5 | Polymyxin B sulfate has a bactericidal action against almost all gram-negative bacilli except the...more |
| T3D3536 | Telithromycin | 191114-48-4 | Telithromycin acts by binding to domains II and V of 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit. By bi...more |
| T3D3543 | Vancomycin | 1404-90-6 | The bactericidal action of vancomycin results primarily from inhibition of cell-wall biosynthesis...more |
| T3D3950 | Doxycycline | 564-25-0 | Tetracyclines target the 28S small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome thereby deactivation mit...more |
| T3D3951 | Demeclocycline | 127-33-3 | Tetracyclines target the 28S small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome thereby deactivation mit...more |
| T3D3952 | Lymecycline | 992-21-2 | Tetracyclines target the 28S small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome thereby deactivation mit...more |
| T3D3954 | Chloramphenicol | 56-75-7 | Chloramphenicol targets the large 39S subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome thereby deactivation ...more |
| T3D3955 | Tetracycline | 60-54-8 | Tetracyclines target the 28S small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome thereby deactivation mit...more |
| T3D4696 | Griseofulvin | 126-07-8 | Griseofulvin is fungistatic, however the exact mechanism by which it inhibits the growth of derma...more |
| T3D4739 | Imipenem | 74431-23-5 | Imipenem acts as an antimicrobial through the inhibition of cell wall synthesis of various gram-p...more |
| T3D4764 | Erythromycin | 114-07-8 | Erythromycin acts by penetrating the bacterial cell membrane and reversibly binding to the 50 S s...more |
Anti-Barbiturate (1)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D2799 | Picrotoxin | 124-87-8 | Picrotoxin antagonizes the GABAA receptor channel directly, which is a ligand-gated ion channel c...more |
Anti-Craving Agent (2)
| T3DB ID | Common name | CAS Number | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| T3D0799 | Nicotine | 54-11-5 | Nicotine is a stimulant drug that acts as an agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These ...more |
| T3D2864 | Naltrexone | 16590-41-3 | Naltrexone is a pure opiate antagonist and has little or no agonist activity. The mechanism of ac...more |